Making standard solutions
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A standard solution is one with a known concentration, usually given in mol/dm3. To make a standard solution accurately, the correct mass of the substance must be carefully measured and fully transferred to a volumetric flask. The procedure involves calculating the moles and mass needed, weighing out the substance, dissolving and transferring it to the flask, and filling to the line with water while mixing to produce a homogeneous solution. The completed solution is labeled with its concentration and details for identification and traceability.
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Preparing a Standard Solution
1. Weigh out 8.0g of solid sodium hydroxide and dissolve it in 25cm3 of water in a beaker.
2. Pour the solution into a 100cm3 volumetric flask and rinse the beaker and weighing bottle with water, adding the rinse water to the flask.
3. Add distilled water dropwise until the solution reaches the 100cm3 mark. Shake well to mix.
Methods of expressing concentration
Kota College of Pharmacy discusses various methods of expressing the concentration of solutions. Concentration can be expressed in terms of percent by weight/weight (%w/w), percent by weight/volume (%w/v), percent by volume/volume (%v/v), molarity (M), molality (m), normality (N), and formality (F). A saturated solution is one that has dissolved all the solute it is capable of holding at a given temperature, which is typically assumed to be 25°C unless otherwise specified. Common examples of concentration expressions and saturated solutions are provided.
Normality
This presentation discusses normality, which is a measure of concentration defined as the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution. A normal solution contains 1 gram equivalent of solute per liter. A decinormal solution contains 1/10 gram equivalent per liter. Normality depends on the amount of solute and temperature. It can be calculated using the formula: Normality = grams of solute x 1000 / (equivalent weight x volume of solution). The normality formula states that the normality of one solution multiplied by its volume equals the normality of a second solution multiplied by its volume. This formula can be used to calculate unknown normalities.
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Molarity vs Molality
Molarity vs Molality What is molarity? Molarity is also known as molar concentration, it is the ratio of moles of substance to volume in liter. Where mole is weight in gram divided by molecular weight. Molarity is chemistry terminology. Molarity... read more at https://chemistrynotesinfo.com/molarity-vs-molality/
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Analytical balances are highly precise instruments used to determine small mass measurements. They can measure up to four decimal places of grams and are sensitive enough to detect changes as small as 0.0001 g. Due to their precision, they must be used in draft-shielded environments and powered by electricity. Analytical balances are used to weigh small quantities in the milligram range when great accuracy is required, such as pharmaceutical applications. Proper use requires leveling the balance, zeroing it, and either directly placing solid samples or taring containers for liquids or powders before taking measurements.
chemical Indicators
Indicators are chemical substances that change color based on whether a solution is acidic or basic. Common acid-base indicators include litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein. They change color at specific pH levels, allowing for the determination of a solution's acidity or basicity. Other types of indicators include universal indicators, which change color gradually over a wide pH range, olfactory indicators detected by smell, and redox indicators sensitive to oxidation-reduction reactions. Indicators find uses in titrations, testing soils and swimming pools, and monitoring wastes.
Priamary & Secondary standard
Primary standards are very pure substances used to determine unknown concentrations, typically through titration. They are stable, anhydrous, and have a high molecular weight. Common primary standards include sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogenphthalate, and pure metals.
Secondary standards are standardized against primary standards for use in specific analyses. They have less purity and stability than primary standards but their solutions remain stable for long periods. Secondary standards are used to calibrate analytical methods and include substances titrated against a primary standard.
Recommended
Preparing a Standard Solution
1. Weigh out 8.0g of solid sodium hydroxide and dissolve it in 25cm3 of water in a beaker.
2. Pour the solution into a 100cm3 volumetric flask and rinse the beaker and weighing bottle with water, adding the rinse water to the flask.
3. Add distilled water dropwise until the solution reaches the 100cm3 mark. Shake well to mix.
Methods of expressing concentration
Kota College of Pharmacy discusses various methods of expressing the concentration of solutions. Concentration can be expressed in terms of percent by weight/weight (%w/w), percent by weight/volume (%w/v), percent by volume/volume (%v/v), molarity (M), molality (m), normality (N), and formality (F). A saturated solution is one that has dissolved all the solute it is capable of holding at a given temperature, which is typically assumed to be 25°C unless otherwise specified. Common examples of concentration expressions and saturated solutions are provided.
Normality
This presentation discusses normality, which is a measure of concentration defined as the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution. A normal solution contains 1 gram equivalent of solute per liter. A decinormal solution contains 1/10 gram equivalent per liter. Normality depends on the amount of solute and temperature. It can be calculated using the formula: Normality = grams of solute x 1000 / (equivalent weight x volume of solution). The normality formula states that the normality of one solution multiplied by its volume equals the normality of a second solution multiplied by its volume. This formula can be used to calculate unknown normalities.
Indicator
This document defines and describes various types of indicators used to determine the acidity, alkalinity or redox state of a solution. It discusses natural indicators like turmeric and litmus, as well as artificial pH indicators like methyl orange and phenolphthalein. It also covers complexometric, adsorption and universal indicators, and provides examples of how different indicators are used to test solutions and determine the endpoint in titration reactions.
Molarity vs Molality
Molarity vs Molality What is molarity? Molarity is also known as molar concentration, it is the ratio of moles of substance to volume in liter. Where mole is weight in gram divided by molecular weight. Molarity is chemistry terminology. Molarity... read more at https://chemistrynotesinfo.com/molarity-vs-molality/
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Analytical balances are highly precise instruments used to determine small mass measurements. They can measure up to four decimal places of grams and are sensitive enough to detect changes as small as 0.0001 g. Due to their precision, they must be used in draft-shielded environments and powered by electricity. Analytical balances are used to weigh small quantities in the milligram range when great accuracy is required, such as pharmaceutical applications. Proper use requires leveling the balance, zeroing it, and either directly placing solid samples or taring containers for liquids or powders before taking measurements.
chemical Indicators
Indicators are chemical substances that change color based on whether a solution is acidic or basic. Common acid-base indicators include litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein. They change color at specific pH levels, allowing for the determination of a solution's acidity or basicity. Other types of indicators include universal indicators, which change color gradually over a wide pH range, olfactory indicators detected by smell, and redox indicators sensitive to oxidation-reduction reactions. Indicators find uses in titrations, testing soils and swimming pools, and monitoring wastes.
Priamary & Secondary standard
Primary standards are very pure substances used to determine unknown concentrations, typically through titration. They are stable, anhydrous, and have a high molecular weight. Common primary standards include sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogenphthalate, and pure metals.
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An acid-base titration is used to determine the concentration of an acid or base. The equivalence point is reached when there are equal moles of H3O+ and OH- ions, resulting in a neutral pH of 7. The titration endpoint is indicated by a color change in the indicator, which should change sharply at the equivalence point. Different types of acid-base reactions result in different pH values at the equivalence point, determined by whether the acid and base are strong or weak.
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instrument used in the
laboratory for carrying out
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and pharmaceutical tests at
specific temperature ranges.
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Photometry broadly deals with the study of light absorption by molecules in solution. It is one of the most common analytical techniques used in clinical biochemistry laboratories to measure the intensity of a light beam. Most clinical chemistry reactions involve linking a chemical or enzymatic reaction to the development of a colored product, the intensity of which is then measured photometrically. The amount of light transmitted through a colored solution decreases exponentially with increases in the concentration and thickness of the colored substance, as governed by Beer's and Lambert's laws. Common photometers include colorimeters, which measure visible light, and spectrophotometers, which can measure ultraviolet and visible light.
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temperature (Van’t Hoff equation.)
222 l exp lead in soil - spring 2011
This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine the concentration of lead in soil samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Students will analyze three related soil samples and develop a hypothesis about the expected trend in lead concentrations between the samples. They will then prepare lead standards, digest the soil samples to extract lead, and use an atomic absorption spectrometer to measure the lead concentration in each sample. The results will be analyzed to compare the expected and measured trends in lead levels across the samples.
Lab apparatus
1. Digital balances allow for precise mass measurements and are important for experiments requiring exact amounts of substances. They must be placed on a stable, flat surface and containers must be tared to remove their mass from calculations.
2. Beakers and Erlenmeyer flasks are used to hold liquids and solids. Beakers have a pour spout and are used for mixing and transferring chemicals. Flasks can hold reactions or liquid samples and catch filtrates.
3. Burettes held in clamps and stands allow for accurate liquid measurements and dispensing. They are filled and used with a beaker or flask underneath to deliver specific volumes of reagents.
This is my demonstration about evidences of evolutiion
Cleaning the kitchen helps students understand the importance of hygiene and removing germs. It teaches them how regular cleaning is needed to keep areas sanitary. Hands-on activities demonstrating proper cleaning techniques increase students' knowledge of using appropriate tools and solutions. This can transfer to students being more conscious of cleanliness in their own homes and neighborhoods. Overall, involving students in real-world cleaning projects enhances their awareness of maintaining a clean environment.
Titration
Titration is a common laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown analyte solution. It involves titrating the analyte with a standard solution of known concentration. The volume of standard solution required to reach the endpoint of the titration reaction is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte based on stoichiometric ratios between the reactants. Preparing an accurate primary standard solution involves precisely weighing and dissolving a purified compound in a volumetric flask and filling to the mark to obtain a solution of known molarity. This standard can then be used to titrate analytes and determine their concentrations.
Viscosity and density lab
If the concentration of a corn syrup solution increases, then the density of the solution will increase and the viscosity of the solution will increase. The document provides instructions for an experiment to measure how the density and flow time (viscosity) of corn syrup solutions change with increasing concentration. Students are asked to make observations and conclusions about the relationships between concentration, density, and viscosity based on their experimental results.
Similar to Making standard solutions (20)
Preparing, Diluting of solutions of different Strengths & safety measures whi...
Preparing, Diluting of solutions of different Strengths & safety measures whi...
To determine the particle size distribution of soil by hydrometer method
To determine the particle size distribution of soil by hydrometer method
This is my demonstration about evidences of evolutiion
This is my demonstration about evidences of evolutiion
Recently uploaded
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsRandomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Recently uploaded (20)
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
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waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
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Making standard solutions
- 1. Making Standard Solutions What is a standard solution? A standard solution is a solution whose concentration is known accurately. Its concentration is usually given in mol dm–3. When making up a standard solution it is important that the correct mass of substance is accurately measured. It is also important that all of this is successfully transferred to the volumetric flask (picture) used to make up the solution. The following procedure will make sure that this happens. Background calculations 1. Determine the number of moles needed to make up a solution with the required volume and concentration. 2. Determine the molar mass Mr, of the chosen substance. 3. Work out the mass of substance needed using your answers from steps 1 and 2. Making up the solution 1. Take a weigh boat and place it on the balance. 2. Tare the balance (set it to zero). 3. Carefully weigh out the required mass of substance. 4. Transfer this amount to a beaker. Add water from a wash bottle to dissolve it. 5. Use some of the water to rinse all the substance off the weigh boat. Do this at least twice. 6. Stir with a glass rod until all the solid is dissolved, then transfer the solution to the volumetric flask. 7. Use more water from the wash bottle to rinse out the beaker and the glass rod. Do this at least twice. 8. Add water to just below the line on the volumetric flask. 9. Add the final drops with a plastic dropper pipette to ensure that the bottom of the meniscus is on the line. 10. Put the lid on the flask and turn the flask over a couple of times to mix the solution. 11. Label your solution with your name, the date, and the contents, e.g. 2.0 +/- ___ M NaCl.
- 2. Uncertainty of a volumetric flask Equipment /Glassware Picture Size & Uncertainty (read the actual device) Notes Volumetric flask 100.00 ± 0.08 mL 250.0 ± 0.1 mL 500.0 ± 0.2 mL 1000.0 ± 0.3 mL *see the full chart below this table. ● Most common for making solutions. ● TC means calibrated “to contain” *American Society For Testing and Materials (ASTM) at 20 ℃