Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation-21_vat300_e_c6-6-4_2_rev_aDien Ha The
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation-21_vat300_e_c6-6-4_2_rev_a
Catalog GE, Catalog,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện GE, Catalog Thiết Bị Điện,
Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp GE, Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp,
http://dienhathe.com,
Xem thêm các sản phẩm khác của GE tại https://dienhathe.com
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Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation-21_vat300_e_c6-6-4_2_rev_aDien Ha The
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation-21_vat300_e_c6-6-4_2_rev_a
Catalog GE, Catalog,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện GE, Catalog Thiết Bị Điện,
Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp GE, Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp,
http://dienhathe.com,
Xem thêm các sản phẩm khác của GE tại https://dienhathe.com
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm GE vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
In this paper, the design of a speed control scheme based on a total sliding mode control for Indirect Field Oriented of a three phase induction motor (IM) is proposed. Firstly, the indirect field oriented control is derived. Then, sliding mode control design is investigated to achieve a speed tracking objective under different load torque disturbance. Finally a dSPACE DS1104 R&D board is used to implement the proposed scheme. The experimental results released on 0.25 kW slip-ring IM show a high dynamic performance, fast transient response without overshot as well as a good load disturbances rejection response.
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation_dienhathe.com-4_17_vat300_e_c6-6-2_rev_aDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation_dienhathe.com-4_20_vat300_e_c6-6-4_1_rev_bDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Embedded intelligent adaptive PI controller for an electromechanical systemISA Interchange
In this study, an intelligent adaptive controller approach using the interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) is presented. The proposed controller consists of a lower level proportional - integral (PI) controller, which is the main controller and an upper level IT2FNN which tuning on-line the parameters of a PI controller. The proposed adaptive PI controller based on IT2FNN (API-IT2FNN) is implemented practically using the Arduino DUE kit for controlling the speed of a nonlinear DC motor-generator system. The parameters of the IT2FNN are tuned on-line using back-propagation algorithm. The Lyapunov theorem is used to derive the stability and convergence of the IT2FNN. The obtained experimental results, which are compared with other controllers, demonstrate that the proposed API-IT2FNN is able to improve the system response over a wide range of system uncertainties.
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation_dienhathe.com-4_19_vat300_e_c6-6-3_2_rev_c1Dien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Process load,process lag,self regulation,error,control lag,dead time,cycling,discontinious control modes,two position control modes,flaoting control modes,propotional band,offset,propotional control, integral control,derivative control,pid control,pi control,pd control,tuning of pid control
Fuzzy logic Technique Based Speed Control of a Permanent Magnet Brushless DC...IJMER
This paper presents an analysis by which the dynamic performances of a permanent magnet
brushless dc (PMBLDC) motor drive with different speed controllers can be successfully predicted. The
control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The dynamics of the drive system with a
classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and Fuzzy-Logic (FL) speed controllers are presented.
The simulation results for different parameters and operation modes of the drive system are investigated
and compared. The results with FL speed controller show improvement in transient response of the
PMBLDC drive over conventional PID controller. Moreover, useful conclusions stemmed from such a
study which is thought of good use and valuable for users of these controllers
In this paper, the design of a speed control scheme based on a total sliding mode control for Indirect Field Oriented of a three phase induction motor (IM) is proposed. Firstly, the indirect field oriented control is derived. Then, sliding mode control design is investigated to achieve a speed tracking objective under different load torque disturbance. Finally a dSPACE DS1104 R&D board is used to implement the proposed scheme. The experimental results released on 0.25 kW slip-ring IM show a high dynamic performance, fast transient response without overshot as well as a good load disturbances rejection response.
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation_dienhathe.com-4_17_vat300_e_c6-6-2_rev_aDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation_dienhathe.com-4_20_vat300_e_c6-6-4_1_rev_bDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Embedded intelligent adaptive PI controller for an electromechanical systemISA Interchange
In this study, an intelligent adaptive controller approach using the interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) is presented. The proposed controller consists of a lower level proportional - integral (PI) controller, which is the main controller and an upper level IT2FNN which tuning on-line the parameters of a PI controller. The proposed adaptive PI controller based on IT2FNN (API-IT2FNN) is implemented practically using the Arduino DUE kit for controlling the speed of a nonlinear DC motor-generator system. The parameters of the IT2FNN are tuned on-line using back-propagation algorithm. The Lyapunov theorem is used to derive the stability and convergence of the IT2FNN. The obtained experimental results, which are compared with other controllers, demonstrate that the proposed API-IT2FNN is able to improve the system response over a wide range of system uncertainties.
Cataloge ge 3.control and_automation_dienhathe.com-4_19_vat300_e_c6-6-3_2_rev_c1Dien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Process load,process lag,self regulation,error,control lag,dead time,cycling,discontinious control modes,two position control modes,flaoting control modes,propotional band,offset,propotional control, integral control,derivative control,pid control,pi control,pd control,tuning of pid control
Fuzzy logic Technique Based Speed Control of a Permanent Magnet Brushless DC...IJMER
This paper presents an analysis by which the dynamic performances of a permanent magnet
brushless dc (PMBLDC) motor drive with different speed controllers can be successfully predicted. The
control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The dynamics of the drive system with a
classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and Fuzzy-Logic (FL) speed controllers are presented.
The simulation results for different parameters and operation modes of the drive system are investigated
and compared. The results with FL speed controller show improvement in transient response of the
PMBLDC drive over conventional PID controller. Moreover, useful conclusions stemmed from such a
study which is thought of good use and valuable for users of these controllers
II Kongres Dyrektorów E-commerce, Krzysztof Murzyn "Jak ugryźć sprzedaż wielo...Grupa Unity
Sprzedaż wielokanałowa to gorący temat w świecie e-commerce. Dokąd zmierza omnichannel w Polsce? Jaki właściwie jest klient kupujący w wielu kanałach? Jakie rozwiązania wykorzystać we zdrożeniu tej idei?
Praktyczne informacje i porady w prezentacji eksperta Grupy Unity, Krzysztofa Murzyna z warsztatów, które odbyły się podczas II Kongresu Dyrektorów E-commerce.
Prezentacja specjalistów Grupy Unity, wygłoszona podczas konferencji „E-commerce w praktyce” w maju 2014 roku.
http://www.akademiaunity.pl/relacje/roadshow-2014/
In this paper, we first write a description of the operation of DC motors taking into account which parameters the speed depends on thereof. The PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers are then briefly described, and then applied to the motor speed control already described , that is, as an electronic controller (PID), which is often referred to as a DC motor. The closed loop speed control of a Brush DC motor is developed applying the well-known PID control algorithm. The objective of this work is to designed and simulate a new control system to keep the speed of the DC motor constant before variations of the load (disturbances), automatically depending to the PID controller. The system was designed and implementation by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and DC motor.
This research presents a very important industrial issue of controlling the production target, despite changing loads. Engines of various types, whether synchronous or synchronous, operate on single and three phase AC, DC motors or special motors such as stepper and servo. In all these motors, the speed control of the torque and speed of the above motors has gained considerable importance. There are three main ways reviewed in the current search, the second that completes the previous research referred to in the references. The three methods are PID method, LQR method and feeding –forward control methods. A real DC motor was used in electrical engineering machine laboratory at University of Diyala, Iraq. Where the actual parameters of the DC motor were actually calculated. The practical parameters were then integrated into the three control method Matlab codes for the purpose of comparing the results and representing the motor performance in the indicated control methods.
Performance Comparison of Conventional Controller with Fuzzy Logic Controller...ijeei-iaes
It is often difficult to develop an accurate mathematical model of DC motor due to unknown load variation, unknown and unavoidable parameter variations or nonlinearities due to saturation temperature variations and system disturbances. Fuzzy logic application can handle such nonlinearities so that the controller design is fundamentally robust which is not possible in conventional controllers. The knowledge base of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) encapsulates expert knowledge and consists of the Data base (membership functions) and Rule-Base of the controller. Optimization of both these knowledge base components is critical to the performance of the controller and has traditionally been achieved through a process of trial and error. Such an approach is convenient for FLCs having low numbers of input variables however for greater numbers of inputs, more formal methods of knowledge base optimization are required. In this work, we study the challenging task of controlling the speed of DC motor. The feasibility of such controller design is evaluated by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. In this study Conventional Proportional Integral Derivative controller, Fuzzy logic controller using a chopper circuit and Fuzzy tuned PID controller are analyzed and compared. Simulation software like MATLAB with Simulink has been used for modeling and simulation purpose. The performance comparison of conventional controller with Fuzzy logic controller using chopper circuit and Fuzzy tuned PID controller has been done in terms of several performance measures Such as Settling time, Rise time and Overshoot.
6. performance analysis of pd, pid controllers for speed control of dc motork srikanth
Aim of this paper different Proportional-Integral- Derivative (PID) controller fine-tuning techniques are investigated for speed control of DC motor. At the start PID controller parameters for different tuning techniques are involved and then applied to the DC motor model for motion (speed) control. Simulation results are display, using these controllers, objective of this paper, the performance of a choose dc motor controlled by a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is below the similar transient conditions and performances are compared.
Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine EmulatorIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) based on a separately excited direct current (DC) motor is studied. The wind turbine was emulated by controlling the torque of the DC motor. The WTE is used as a prime mover for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). In order to extract maximum power from the wind, PI and Fuzzy controllers were tested. Simulation results are given to show performance of proposed fuzzy control system in maximum power points tracking in a wind energy conversion system under various wind conditions. The strategy control was implemented in simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
Field oriented control and direct torque control are the most popular methods in high
performance industrial control applications for induction motors. Naturally, the strengths and
weaknesses of each control method are available. Therefore, the selection of optimum control
method is vitally important for many industrial applications. So, the advantages and the
disadvantages of both control methods have to be well defined. In this paper, a new and
different perspective has been presented regarding the comparison of the inverter switching
behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of
induction motors in the FOC and the DTC systems. The dSPACE 1103 controller board has
been programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies have
showed that the FOC controlled motors have had a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand,
the FOC controlled motor switching frequency has about 75% more than the DTC controlled.
Analysis of Direct Torque Control of Industrial Drives using Zone-Shifting SVMIJPEDS-IAES
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor has gained popularity in industrial applications mainly due to its simple control structure from its first introduction in 1986. Here the direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor with zone shifting space vector modulation (SVM) has been done. It uses a simple phase current re-construction algorithm for three phase induction motor (IM). The phase current re-construction algorithm is done by using information from the current that is from the phases between the inverter and the induction motor. The proposed algorithm is robust and very simple. It uses the AC current to get the stator current for estimating the motor flux and the electromagnetic torque. By evaluating through the torque value and the current the controlling of induction motor is done. The simulation results are also given which supports the direct torque control strategy of the induction motor (IM).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Maintopik3
1. E4102- DC MOTOR CONTROLLED
(KAWALAN MOTOR AT)
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
LECTURER : FADZILAH BT HASHIM
012-5469607
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
10. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.2 Electrical Systems
An electrical circuit or network is another type of physical system. It
is comprised of resistors, capacitors and inductors, and usually
one or more energy sources such as a battery or generator.
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
14. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Rangkap pindah merupakan nisbah diantara penjelmaan laplace
keluaran dengan penjelmaan laplace masukan dalam sesuatu sistem
kawala
Terbitan Rangkap pindah Pemacu Motor AT
3.4.1 Contoh Sistem Gelung Buka
Dapatkan rangkap pindah ωm(S)/Ef(S) bagi sistem kawalan motor AT dalam
rajah 3.4.1 berikut. Penjana yang dipandu pada laju malar menghasilkan
voltan motor. Motor bersifatekun (J).
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
15. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Terbitan Rangkap pindah Pemacu Motor AT
3.4.1 Contoh Sistem Gelung Buka
rangkap pindah ωm(S)/Ef(S ?
23. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.4.2 Kawalan Medan Motor AT
Juga τL(s) = τm(s) + τd(s) [dayakilas motor adalah sama dengan dayakilas beban]
Dengan menganggapkan τd = 0 [Td adalah dayakilas gangguan dan boleh diabaikan]
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
34. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3 PID CONTROL
What Is PID Control?
PID -stands for Proportional, Integral and Derivative. This is also called three
terms control and Gain, Reset and Rate.
The PID controller is probably- the simplest control system, but it has still
been used because of its efficiency. In 1922, N. Minorsky introduced his
three-term
controller for the steering of ships, and his controller is regarded as the first
PID controller.
He considered non-linear effects in the closed-loop control. The PID control
has been developed further in different forms -such as non-linear PID
control, time-varying gain PID control and fuzzy PID control.
The PID control has three terms: P, I and D. We will investigate how each
term has effects on the system response.
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
35. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.1 Control Actions
Let’s consider a PID control system shown in Figure 2, in which u(t) is
the reference input (or set-point), y(t) is the output (or process variable),
e(t) is the actuating error signal and u(t) is the control signal. We
examine how each term of the PID controller has effects on the whole
system response y(t).
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
36. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.2 Proportional (P) Control Action
For a controller with proportional control action, the
relationship between the output of the controller u(t) (control
signal) and the actuating error signal e(t) is
where Kp is termed the proportional gain.
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
37. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.2 Proportional (P) Control Action
(continued)
Whatever the actual mechanism may be and whatever the
form of the operating power, the proportional controller is
essentially an amplifier with an adjustable gain. A block
diagram of such a controller is shown in Figure 3
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
38. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.2 Integral (I) Control Action
In a controller with integral control action, the value of the controller output
u(t) is changed at a rate proportional to the actuating error signal e(t). That
is,
where KI is an adjustable constant (KI = KP/TI, TI is integral time).
The transfer function of the integral controller is
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
39. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
If the value of e(t) is doubled, then the value of u(t) varies twice as fast.
For zero actuating error, the value of u(t) remain stationary.
The integral control action is sometimes called reset control.
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of such a controller.
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
40. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.3 Derivative (D) Control Action
In a controller with derivative control action, the value of the controller
output u(t) is changed at a rate proportional to the rate of the change
of the actuating error signal e(t). That is,
where KD is derivative gain (KD = KPTD, TD is derivative time) or
transfer function of the controller is
Note that the derivative control action can never be used alone because
this control action is effective only during transient periods. See the
proportional derivative control action.
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
41. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.4 Proportional Integral (PI) Control Action
The control action of proportional integral controller known as PI
controller is defined by
or the transfer function of the controller is
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
42. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Proportional Integral (PI) Control Action
(continued)where KP is the proportional gain, and TI is called the integral time. Both KP
and TI are adjustable. The integral time adjusts the integral control action,
while a change in the value of KP affects both the proportional and integral
parts of the control action. The inverse of the integral time TI is called the
reset rate. The reset rate is the number of times per minute that the
proportional part of the control action is duplicated. Reset rate is measured in
terms of repeats per minute. Figure 5(a) shows a block diagram of a
proportional-integral controller. If the actuating error signal e(t) is a unit step
function as shown in Figure 5(b), then the controller output u(t) becomes as
shown in Figure 5(c).
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
43. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.5 Proportional-Derivative (PD) Control Action
The control action of a proportional-derivative controller is
defined by
and the transfer function is
44. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Proportional-Derivative (PD) Control
Action (continued)
where KP is the proportional gain and TD is a constant called the derivative
time. Both KP and TD are adjustable. The derivative control action,
sometimes called rate control, is where the magnitude of the controller
output is proportional to the rate of change of the actuating error signal.
The derivative time TD is the time interval by which the rate action advances
the effect of the proportional control action. Figure 6(a) show a block
diagram of a proportional-derivative controller.
If the actuating error signal e(t) is unit-ramp function as shown in Figure
6(b), then the controller output u(t) becomes as shown in Figure 6(c). As
may be seen from
Figure 6(c), the derivative control action can never anticipate any action that
has not yet taken place.
45. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Proportional-Derivative (PD) Control
Action (continued)
While derivative control action has the advantage of being
anticipatory, it has the disadvantages that it amplifies signals
and may cause a saturation effect in the actuator.
46. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
3.3.6 Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control Action
The combination of proportional control action, integral control
action, and derivative control action is termed proportional,
integral and derivative control action, known as PID control.
This combined action has the advantages of each of the three
individual control actions. The equation of a controller with
this combined action is given by
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
47. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control Action
or transfer function is
where KP is the proportional gain, TI is the integral time (seconds),
and TD is the derivative time (seconds).
It should be noted that KI = KP/TI and KD = KPTD.
In practice, TI and TD are preferred to KI and KD.
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP
48. E4102-DC MOTOR CONTROL
FADZILAH HASHIM
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control Action
The block diagram of a proportional, integral and derivative
controller is shown in Figure 7(a). If e(t) is a unit-ramp function as
shown in Figure 7(b), then the controller output u(t) becomes as
shown in Figure 7(c).
TOPIK 3 - KAWALAN GELUNG TUTUP