This document discusses a dual Arti-Q system for efficient call taxi management in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The existing Artigence system uses an Arti-Q algorithm with two components: Arti-Q main and Arti-Q proxy. The dual Arti-Q system proposes distributing the functionalities of scheduling and message transmission between separate servers to process requests in parallel and reduce response times. By separating these functions, the dual Arti-Q system aims to improve efficiency over the existing Artigence approach for managing taxi reservations and communications in VANETs.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Predictive Data Dissemination in VanetDhruvMarothi
The vehicle itself is an information source that produces a large amount of various information including actual vehicle and environment sensors. The implementation of an efficient and scalable model for information dissemination in VANETs possesses major issues. In this dynamic environment, an ever-growing number of context dissemination messages are leveling up the usage of the channel which affects the network performance. This presentation tries to analyze and assess the key ideas of how to overcome the context data dissemination and how to reduce the amounts of transferred and stored data in a vehicular cooperation environment. This is one of the most prominent topics of pervasive computing.
Improved greedy routing protocol for VANETEditor IJCATR
VANET (vehicular ad-hoc network) is a classification of MANET in which vehicles act as mobile node and provides a different approach to Intelligent transport System (ITS). VANET is an emerging area for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which can result in increased traffic safety, collision warning through exchange of messages through wireless media. Efficient routing protocols are required for efficient communication among vehicles. In the given paper, we surveyed various VANETs protocols and along with its advantages and disadvantages. We compare our proposed protocols via NS-2 based simulations and show the performance of different protocols.
APPLICABILITY OF OVERLAY NON-DELAY TOLERANT POSITION-BASED PROTOCOLS IN HIGHW...ijwmn
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is new sort in wireless ad-hoc networks. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
communication is one of the main communication paradigms that provide a level of safety and convenience
to drivers and passengers on the road. In such environment, routing data packet is challenging due to
frequently changed of network topology because of highly dynamic nature of vehicles. Thus, routing in
VANETs in require for efficient protocols that guarantee message transmission among vehicles. Numerous
routing protocols and algorithms have been proposed or enhanced to solve the aforementioned problems.
Many position based routing protocols have been developed for routing messages that have been identified
to be appropriate for VANETs. This work explores the performances of selected unicast non-delay tolerant
overlay position-based routing protocols. The evaluation has been conducted in highway and urban
environment in two different scenarios. The evaluation metrics that are used are Packet Delivery Ratio
(PDR), Void Problem Occurrence (VPO), and Average Hop Count (AHC).
Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a subclass of mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a
promising approach for the intelligent transport system (ITS). VANET allows vehicles to form a self-organized
network without the need for a permanent infrastructure. As the VANET has a potential in improving road
safety, real time traffic update and other travel comforts, it turns attention of the researcher. Though VANET
and MANET shares some common characteristics like self-organized network, dynamic topology, ad hoc nature
etc, VANET differs from MANET by challenges, application, architecture, power constraint and mobility
patterns, so routing protocols used in MANET are not applicable with VANET. New routing strategy for VANET
has been proposed by many researchers in recent year. This paper provides focus on the various aspects of
VANET like architecture, characteristic, challenges, glimpse of routing protocols, and simulation models used
for VANET.
Keywords: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks; routing; position based routing; characteristics; transmission strategies
Master-Slave Clustering Technique for High Density Traffic in Urban VANET Sce...rifat1tasnim
Moving vehicle is never free of traffic congestion especially in the cities. Every day commuters wastes hours in travelling just because of traffic congestion. This has led to the emergence of vehicular management which will be beneficial for Road Transport department to control and manage the traffic flow on congested roads. Thus to support above idea we have Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET technology that turns every participating car into a node, allowing cars to connect with each other and in turn create a network. There are wealthy numbers of approaches were highlighted to solve several thriving challenges of VANET. Clustering technique in vehicle is one of them which made a great impact on VANET. But it fails to fulfill a crucial requirement. Several protocols wanted to build a cluster in low density traffic where the numbers of vehicles are less with respect to transmission range & there is a less chance of broadcast storming which is not a practical scenario. So that cluster formation in high density traffic has arisen as an issue where there is a great possibility to broadcast storm. This paper suggests a “Priority Based Master-Slave Cluster Formation Process” in high density traffic for an urban scenario using “fidelity” metric. With the help of this metric it will be easier to find high density traffic & form priority based Master-Slave dynamically by reducing broadcast storm problem.
In this paper CHP function runs on the vehicular environment which carried out to select a vehicle as Master. In this Ad-hoc wireless environment a dataset is assumed which create a proper environment & generate a graph. Graph results can be analyzed to have the highest one selects as a Master. Thus for the final result, real aspects of vehicular traffic is very essential and scenarios play a very crucial role.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Predictive Data Dissemination in VanetDhruvMarothi
The vehicle itself is an information source that produces a large amount of various information including actual vehicle and environment sensors. The implementation of an efficient and scalable model for information dissemination in VANETs possesses major issues. In this dynamic environment, an ever-growing number of context dissemination messages are leveling up the usage of the channel which affects the network performance. This presentation tries to analyze and assess the key ideas of how to overcome the context data dissemination and how to reduce the amounts of transferred and stored data in a vehicular cooperation environment. This is one of the most prominent topics of pervasive computing.
Improved greedy routing protocol for VANETEditor IJCATR
VANET (vehicular ad-hoc network) is a classification of MANET in which vehicles act as mobile node and provides a different approach to Intelligent transport System (ITS). VANET is an emerging area for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which can result in increased traffic safety, collision warning through exchange of messages through wireless media. Efficient routing protocols are required for efficient communication among vehicles. In the given paper, we surveyed various VANETs protocols and along with its advantages and disadvantages. We compare our proposed protocols via NS-2 based simulations and show the performance of different protocols.
APPLICABILITY OF OVERLAY NON-DELAY TOLERANT POSITION-BASED PROTOCOLS IN HIGHW...ijwmn
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is new sort in wireless ad-hoc networks. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
communication is one of the main communication paradigms that provide a level of safety and convenience
to drivers and passengers on the road. In such environment, routing data packet is challenging due to
frequently changed of network topology because of highly dynamic nature of vehicles. Thus, routing in
VANETs in require for efficient protocols that guarantee message transmission among vehicles. Numerous
routing protocols and algorithms have been proposed or enhanced to solve the aforementioned problems.
Many position based routing protocols have been developed for routing messages that have been identified
to be appropriate for VANETs. This work explores the performances of selected unicast non-delay tolerant
overlay position-based routing protocols. The evaluation has been conducted in highway and urban
environment in two different scenarios. The evaluation metrics that are used are Packet Delivery Ratio
(PDR), Void Problem Occurrence (VPO), and Average Hop Count (AHC).
Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a subclass of mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a
promising approach for the intelligent transport system (ITS). VANET allows vehicles to form a self-organized
network without the need for a permanent infrastructure. As the VANET has a potential in improving road
safety, real time traffic update and other travel comforts, it turns attention of the researcher. Though VANET
and MANET shares some common characteristics like self-organized network, dynamic topology, ad hoc nature
etc, VANET differs from MANET by challenges, application, architecture, power constraint and mobility
patterns, so routing protocols used in MANET are not applicable with VANET. New routing strategy for VANET
has been proposed by many researchers in recent year. This paper provides focus on the various aspects of
VANET like architecture, characteristic, challenges, glimpse of routing protocols, and simulation models used
for VANET.
Keywords: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks; routing; position based routing; characteristics; transmission strategies
Master-Slave Clustering Technique for High Density Traffic in Urban VANET Sce...rifat1tasnim
Moving vehicle is never free of traffic congestion especially in the cities. Every day commuters wastes hours in travelling just because of traffic congestion. This has led to the emergence of vehicular management which will be beneficial for Road Transport department to control and manage the traffic flow on congested roads. Thus to support above idea we have Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET technology that turns every participating car into a node, allowing cars to connect with each other and in turn create a network. There are wealthy numbers of approaches were highlighted to solve several thriving challenges of VANET. Clustering technique in vehicle is one of them which made a great impact on VANET. But it fails to fulfill a crucial requirement. Several protocols wanted to build a cluster in low density traffic where the numbers of vehicles are less with respect to transmission range & there is a less chance of broadcast storming which is not a practical scenario. So that cluster formation in high density traffic has arisen as an issue where there is a great possibility to broadcast storm. This paper suggests a “Priority Based Master-Slave Cluster Formation Process” in high density traffic for an urban scenario using “fidelity” metric. With the help of this metric it will be easier to find high density traffic & form priority based Master-Slave dynamically by reducing broadcast storm problem.
In this paper CHP function runs on the vehicular environment which carried out to select a vehicle as Master. In this Ad-hoc wireless environment a dataset is assumed which create a proper environment & generate a graph. Graph results can be analyzed to have the highest one selects as a Master. Thus for the final result, real aspects of vehicular traffic is very essential and scenarios play a very crucial role.
Optimization of Quality of Service (QoS) framework for highway based Vehicula...IJERA Editor
The Vehicular Ad-hoc Network is a novel technology. It has the property of higher node mobility. Vehicular Adhoc
networks offer wireless communications between vehicles themselves (V2V) and between vehicles to the
roadside units (V2R). The VANET is an active research area, as it has great prospective to enhance the road and
vehicle safety, efficiency of traffic. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network not only just provides the safety applications, but
also provides communication to the users. The QoS support in VANET is a challenge when the existing routing
paths become no longer are available as a result of changes in the velocity and position of node, and distance
between the vehicular nodes or network topology. In this study we designed a framework which provides us the
facility to enhance various Quality of Service parameters, such as End to End Delay, throughput and packet loss
ratio etc. The proposed model uses layered approach, deep classification as existed QoS components are further
broken down and provides Quality of Experience to the users. NCTUns is used as simulation tool to build up
simulations. After getting the results of simulation we carried out the performance analysis of various routing
protocols. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme provides much better performance in terms
of various QoS parameters like End to End Delay, throughput and packet loss ratio
A Review Report on Existing Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (V...IJEEE
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an extension to the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that have been designed with the goal of providing vehicular safety, traffic monitoring, assisting vehicular driving by providing critical information, utility services viz. automatic road taxes, finding hospitals, fuel stations, restaurants etc. The primary characteristics of VANETs include high node mobility, no specific network infrastructure, irregular network environments and unpredictable network density. Choosing a routing protocol for the VANET environment is a critical step in devising data sharing scheme for the VANET. This paper studies the existing routing protocols for VANET and presents a precise review of merits and demerits of the same.
vehicular Ad-Hoc Network:
this report contains a brief description on the VANET which can be considered as an application of MANET...
The report contains a basic overview, ITS, and routing algorithms.
ACR: A CLUSTER-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR VANET ijwmn
Clustering is a technique used in network routing to enhance the performance and conserve the network
resources. This paper presents a cluster-based routing protocol for VANET utilizing a new addressing
scheme in which each node gets an address according to its mobility pattern. Hamming distance technique
is used then to partition the network in an address-centric manner. The simulation results show that this
protocol enhances routing reachability, whereas reduces routing end-to-end delay and traffic received
comparing with two benchmarks namely AODV and DSDV.
Design of an adaptive sign based routing protocol in vanet for sophisticated ...IJARIIT
With the advancement in the communication technology and an increase in the number of vehicles, the Vehicle Ad
hoc Network (VANET) has become an emerging field of study. The major applications of VANETs are in highways, but in
sophisticated environments such as forest area, hill stations, private museum or large park etc., where visitors across the
country pass through several locations, and there doesn’t exist a proper communication among the vehicles. So in this type of
locations, we need an intelligent routing strategy for the On Board Unit (OBU) to adapt and communicate with the
neighbouring vehicles. In this paper, a strategy is proposed where in, the vehicles communicate with each other or with the
road side units (RSU) by passing some sign bits with positive or negative polarity. A simple simulation is performed on 100 to
200 vehicles demonstrating passing of data from source to destination.
INTELLIGENT INFORMATION DISSEMINATION IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKSijasuc
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are a compelling application of ad hoc networks, because of the
potential to access specific context information (e.g. traffic conditions, service updates, route planning)
and deliver multimedia services (VOIP, in-car entertainment, instant messaging, etc.). In this paper, we
propose an agent based intelligent information dissemination model for VANETs. Safety information like
cooperative driving, accident, road condition warnings, etc. play a major role for applications of VANET.
Safety information dissemination poses a major challenge of delay-sensitive nature. This paper proposes
an agent based model for intelligent information dissemination in VANETs. Proposed model uses
cognitive agent concept for realizing intelligent information dissemination. To test the efficiency of the
model, proposed scheme is simulated using NS-2 simulator. Some of the performance parameters
analyzed are bandwidth utilized, push latency and push/pull decision latency.
Lately, the concept of VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) has gotten a huge attention as
more wireless communication technologies becoming available. Such networkis expected to be
one of the most valuable technology for improving efficiency and safety of the future
transportation. Vehicular networks are characterized by high mobility nodes which pose many
communication challenging problems. In vehicular networks, routing Collision Avoidance
Messages (CAMs) among vehicles is a key communication problem.Failure in routing CAMs to
their intended destination within the time constraint can render these messages useless. Many
routing protocols have been adapted for VANETs, such as DSDV (Destination Sequenced
Distance Vector), AODV (Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector), and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing). This work compares the performance of those routing protocols at different driving environments and scenarios created by using the mobility generator (VanetMobiSim) and
network simulator(NS2). The obtained results at different vehicular densities, speeds, road
obstacles, lanes, traffic lights, and transmission ranges showed that on average AODV protocol outperforms DSR and DSDV protocols in packet delivery ratio and end-toend delay. However, at certain circumstances (e.g., at shorter transmission ranges) DSR tends to have better performance than AODV and DSDV protocols.
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) technology has come out as an important research field over the last few years. VANETs are the likely an influencing approach to provide safety of driver and other applications for the traffic conditions as well as passengers. Being dynamic in nature, it establishes the network, according to the situation and need of the users and provides reliable communication among the vehicles. Due to its great benefits, it is highly vulnerable to various attacks and security in VANET should be taken into consideration. This paper presented the security attacks between vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Many research works have been done to improve the performance and security of this network. The main aim of this paper is the security using hashing and techniques to calculate the trust in VANETs.
This ppt gives you a brief knowledge on protocols used in VANETs using real time vehicular traffic information. These have overruled the the existing MANET protocols. It also give you a description regarding forwarding optimisation
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET) USING CLUSTERING A...pijans
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS) have actually attracted a lot of attention over the last few years as
being used to improve road safety. In this paper, cluster based technique has been introduced in VANET.
As VANET is a new form of MANET, so with this cluster based technique in VANET, several handoff
problems have been removed, which were actually difficult to remove in MANET. For this traffic
infrastructure cluster based routing has been used, with two routing protocols i.e. AODV and AODV+. The
network simulator NS2 has been used for removing unpredictable movements that may arise in the network.
Reducing Packet Transmission Delay in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using Edge No...CSCJournals
VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks and will play an important role in public safety communications and commercial applications. Routing of data in VANETs is a challenging task due to rapidly changing topology and high speed mobility of vehicles. Conventional routing protocols in MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) are unable to fully address the unique characteristics in vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose EBGR (Edge Node Based Greedy Routing), a greedy position based routing approach to forward packets to the node present in the edge of the limited transmission range of source/forwarding node as most suitable next hop, with consideration of nodes moving in the direction of the destination. We propose Revival Mobility model (RMM) to evaluate the performance of our routing technique. This paper presents a detailed description of our approach and simulation results show that end to end delay in packet transmission is minimized considerably compared to current routing protocols of VANET.
Multi-Agent System for Secured and Reliable Routing in VANETRSIS International
In VANET, the emphasis is given on the exchange of
traffic information and road conditions between the vehicles and
thereby preventing the accidents. Distinctive characteristics of
VANET like restricted topology, unpredictable mobility, vehicle
density, varying channel capacity, etc. make VANET
environment exciting for developing efficient routing protocols.
Owing to the dynamic topology in VANET, the routes are
unstable and unreliable for exchange of information among the
vehicles. To enrich the performance and throughput of the
VANETs, the links between nodes must be reliable and stable. In
order to tackle the relaiblity and stability of information
communication this work proposes ‘Multi-agent system for
Secured and Reliable Routing (MSRR) in VANET. The
performance of the proposed scheme is tested in terms of packet
delivery ratio, route reliability, route discovery time and delay.
Optimization of Quality of Service (QoS) framework for highway based Vehicula...IJERA Editor
The Vehicular Ad-hoc Network is a novel technology. It has the property of higher node mobility. Vehicular Adhoc
networks offer wireless communications between vehicles themselves (V2V) and between vehicles to the
roadside units (V2R). The VANET is an active research area, as it has great prospective to enhance the road and
vehicle safety, efficiency of traffic. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network not only just provides the safety applications, but
also provides communication to the users. The QoS support in VANET is a challenge when the existing routing
paths become no longer are available as a result of changes in the velocity and position of node, and distance
between the vehicular nodes or network topology. In this study we designed a framework which provides us the
facility to enhance various Quality of Service parameters, such as End to End Delay, throughput and packet loss
ratio etc. The proposed model uses layered approach, deep classification as existed QoS components are further
broken down and provides Quality of Experience to the users. NCTUns is used as simulation tool to build up
simulations. After getting the results of simulation we carried out the performance analysis of various routing
protocols. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme provides much better performance in terms
of various QoS parameters like End to End Delay, throughput and packet loss ratio
A Review Report on Existing Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (V...IJEEE
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an extension to the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that have been designed with the goal of providing vehicular safety, traffic monitoring, assisting vehicular driving by providing critical information, utility services viz. automatic road taxes, finding hospitals, fuel stations, restaurants etc. The primary characteristics of VANETs include high node mobility, no specific network infrastructure, irregular network environments and unpredictable network density. Choosing a routing protocol for the VANET environment is a critical step in devising data sharing scheme for the VANET. This paper studies the existing routing protocols for VANET and presents a precise review of merits and demerits of the same.
vehicular Ad-Hoc Network:
this report contains a brief description on the VANET which can be considered as an application of MANET...
The report contains a basic overview, ITS, and routing algorithms.
ACR: A CLUSTER-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR VANET ijwmn
Clustering is a technique used in network routing to enhance the performance and conserve the network
resources. This paper presents a cluster-based routing protocol for VANET utilizing a new addressing
scheme in which each node gets an address according to its mobility pattern. Hamming distance technique
is used then to partition the network in an address-centric manner. The simulation results show that this
protocol enhances routing reachability, whereas reduces routing end-to-end delay and traffic received
comparing with two benchmarks namely AODV and DSDV.
Design of an adaptive sign based routing protocol in vanet for sophisticated ...IJARIIT
With the advancement in the communication technology and an increase in the number of vehicles, the Vehicle Ad
hoc Network (VANET) has become an emerging field of study. The major applications of VANETs are in highways, but in
sophisticated environments such as forest area, hill stations, private museum or large park etc., where visitors across the
country pass through several locations, and there doesn’t exist a proper communication among the vehicles. So in this type of
locations, we need an intelligent routing strategy for the On Board Unit (OBU) to adapt and communicate with the
neighbouring vehicles. In this paper, a strategy is proposed where in, the vehicles communicate with each other or with the
road side units (RSU) by passing some sign bits with positive or negative polarity. A simple simulation is performed on 100 to
200 vehicles demonstrating passing of data from source to destination.
INTELLIGENT INFORMATION DISSEMINATION IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKSijasuc
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are a compelling application of ad hoc networks, because of the
potential to access specific context information (e.g. traffic conditions, service updates, route planning)
and deliver multimedia services (VOIP, in-car entertainment, instant messaging, etc.). In this paper, we
propose an agent based intelligent information dissemination model for VANETs. Safety information like
cooperative driving, accident, road condition warnings, etc. play a major role for applications of VANET.
Safety information dissemination poses a major challenge of delay-sensitive nature. This paper proposes
an agent based model for intelligent information dissemination in VANETs. Proposed model uses
cognitive agent concept for realizing intelligent information dissemination. To test the efficiency of the
model, proposed scheme is simulated using NS-2 simulator. Some of the performance parameters
analyzed are bandwidth utilized, push latency and push/pull decision latency.
Lately, the concept of VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) has gotten a huge attention as
more wireless communication technologies becoming available. Such networkis expected to be
one of the most valuable technology for improving efficiency and safety of the future
transportation. Vehicular networks are characterized by high mobility nodes which pose many
communication challenging problems. In vehicular networks, routing Collision Avoidance
Messages (CAMs) among vehicles is a key communication problem.Failure in routing CAMs to
their intended destination within the time constraint can render these messages useless. Many
routing protocols have been adapted for VANETs, such as DSDV (Destination Sequenced
Distance Vector), AODV (Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector), and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing). This work compares the performance of those routing protocols at different driving environments and scenarios created by using the mobility generator (VanetMobiSim) and
network simulator(NS2). The obtained results at different vehicular densities, speeds, road
obstacles, lanes, traffic lights, and transmission ranges showed that on average AODV protocol outperforms DSR and DSDV protocols in packet delivery ratio and end-toend delay. However, at certain circumstances (e.g., at shorter transmission ranges) DSR tends to have better performance than AODV and DSDV protocols.
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) technology has come out as an important research field over the last few years. VANETs are the likely an influencing approach to provide safety of driver and other applications for the traffic conditions as well as passengers. Being dynamic in nature, it establishes the network, according to the situation and need of the users and provides reliable communication among the vehicles. Due to its great benefits, it is highly vulnerable to various attacks and security in VANET should be taken into consideration. This paper presented the security attacks between vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Many research works have been done to improve the performance and security of this network. The main aim of this paper is the security using hashing and techniques to calculate the trust in VANETs.
This ppt gives you a brief knowledge on protocols used in VANETs using real time vehicular traffic information. These have overruled the the existing MANET protocols. It also give you a description regarding forwarding optimisation
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET) USING CLUSTERING A...pijans
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS) have actually attracted a lot of attention over the last few years as
being used to improve road safety. In this paper, cluster based technique has been introduced in VANET.
As VANET is a new form of MANET, so with this cluster based technique in VANET, several handoff
problems have been removed, which were actually difficult to remove in MANET. For this traffic
infrastructure cluster based routing has been used, with two routing protocols i.e. AODV and AODV+. The
network simulator NS2 has been used for removing unpredictable movements that may arise in the network.
Reducing Packet Transmission Delay in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using Edge No...CSCJournals
VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks and will play an important role in public safety communications and commercial applications. Routing of data in VANETs is a challenging task due to rapidly changing topology and high speed mobility of vehicles. Conventional routing protocols in MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) are unable to fully address the unique characteristics in vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose EBGR (Edge Node Based Greedy Routing), a greedy position based routing approach to forward packets to the node present in the edge of the limited transmission range of source/forwarding node as most suitable next hop, with consideration of nodes moving in the direction of the destination. We propose Revival Mobility model (RMM) to evaluate the performance of our routing technique. This paper presents a detailed description of our approach and simulation results show that end to end delay in packet transmission is minimized considerably compared to current routing protocols of VANET.
Multi-Agent System for Secured and Reliable Routing in VANETRSIS International
In VANET, the emphasis is given on the exchange of
traffic information and road conditions between the vehicles and
thereby preventing the accidents. Distinctive characteristics of
VANET like restricted topology, unpredictable mobility, vehicle
density, varying channel capacity, etc. make VANET
environment exciting for developing efficient routing protocols.
Owing to the dynamic topology in VANET, the routes are
unstable and unreliable for exchange of information among the
vehicles. To enrich the performance and throughput of the
VANETs, the links between nodes must be reliable and stable. In
order to tackle the relaiblity and stability of information
communication this work proposes ‘Multi-agent system for
Secured and Reliable Routing (MSRR) in VANET. The
performance of the proposed scheme is tested in terms of packet
delivery ratio, route reliability, route discovery time and delay.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Improved greedy routing protocol for VANETEditor IJCATR
VANET (vehicular ad-hoc network) is a classification of MANET in which vehicles act as mobile node and provides a different
approach to Intelligent transport System (ITS). VANET is an emerging area for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which can result in
increased traffic safety, collision warning through exchange of messages through wireless media. Efficient routing protocols are required for
efficient communication among vehicles. In the given paper, we surveyed various VANETs protocols and along with its advantages and
disadvantages. We compare our proposed protocols via NS-2 based simulations and show the performance of different protocols
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are classified as a special application of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)
which promise the new possibilities to improve traffic efficiency, road safety driving convenience. By providing the safety and
non-safety applications and sharing the useful information through vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or vehicle to roadside (V2R)
communications to avoid accidents and provide reliable information to travellers, such hot issues seeks much attention of
researchers in this field. VANET and MANET having several common characteristics but VANET differ with applications,
architecture, challenges and data dissemination. The survey of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for
smart ITS. The objective of this paper is to design an algorithm for the detection and correction of routing attacks made by
obstructive nodes in VANETS and also drawn the comparison between various metrics like Cost, Average Packet loss,
Throughput and Energy Consumed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is the favorable method to enhance the safety of divers and passengers. It becomes a basic element of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). It has created by applying the concepts of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) – which is an application of a wireless network for exchanging the data – to the domain of vehicles. They become a main element of intelligent transportation systems. In existing technique drawback is the Authentication Server (AS) gives all the working to Law Executor (LE) means AS send information to RSU, RSU send this information to law executor and then login process start but if LE behave maliciously then this authentication process fail. In our propose work, we calculate the trust of each vehicle's on the basis of their behavior. Each vehicle calculates the trust of its neighbor and send this value to AS by RSU then AS update these values and then broadcast this value by RSU, now all the vehicles have a trust value of its neighboring vehicles so that send the data by using hashing technique and use trusted path to send data source to a destination so that security enhances.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Abstract: VANET (vehicular ad-hoc network) is a classification of MANET in which vehicles act as mobile node and provides a different approach to Intelligent transport System (ITS). VANET is an emerging area for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which can result in increased traffic safety, collision warning through exchange of messages through wireless media. Efficient routing protocols are required for efficient communication among vehicles. In the given paper, we surveyed various VANETs protocols like GPRS, GPRS-MV & GPSR. We compare our proposed protocols via NS-2 based simulations and show the performance of different protocols.
Comparative study of proactive and reactive routing protocols in vehicular ad...IJECEIAES
In recent years, the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), which is an ad-hoc network used by connected autonomous vehicles (CAV) for information processing, has attracted the interest of researchers in order to meet the needs created by the accelerating development of autonomous vehicle technology. The enormous amount of information and the high speed of the vehicles require us to have a very reliable communication protocol. The objective of this paper is to determine a topology-based routing protocol that improves network performance and guarantees information traffic over VANET. This comparative study was carried out using the simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) and network simulator (NS-3). Through the results obtained, we will show that the choice of the type of protocol to use depends on the size of the network and also on the metrics to be optimized.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study of Sybil and Temporal Attacks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Types, Ch...Editor IJCATR
In recent years, the number of automobiles on the road has increased tremendously. Due to high density and mobility of vehicles,
possible threats and road accidents are increasing. Wireless communication allows sending safety and other critical information. Due to this
inherent wireless characteristic and periodic exchange of safety packets, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is vulnerable to number of
security threats like Sybil attack or temporal attack. In this paper, a detailed discussion has been done on both the type of attacks. With the
help of already published works, some approaches have also been studied which have proved to be of significance in detection of these
attacks.
Evaluation The Performance of MAODV and AODV Protocols In VANETs ModelsCSCJournals
This paper to study, analyse the performance of multicast technology using the MAODV (Multicast On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol) in the VANETs (Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks), this protocol using widely in MANETs (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network). The wireless nodes in the wireless vehicle networks are the same wireless devices, which are integrated with a sensor and designed specifically for the design of safety, privacy and security applications. Researchers are interested in developing and enhancing the number of service quality parameters (packets received, delay, productivity, node power consumption, etc.). The aim of this paper is to introduce and optimize VANETS multi-cast transmission technology to reduce delay, increase throughput and reduce packet loss. Although, presents an analytical study of the Enhanced Protocol (MAODV) Protocol (AODV) and compares it to AODV performance in VANETs.
GLOBAL FRONTRUNNER ROUTING ALGORITHM (GFRA) FOR V2V COMMUNICATION IN VANETS cscpconf
VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork) is the emerging research area that making the phrase
“Network on Wheel” true. In this new age network the basic WLAN (IEEE 802.11) standard is
used. As the necessity of such network increases the implementation challenges are being taken
into account. They are broadcasting, routing, priority scheduling and security and privacy. In
this paper the routing is considered as the research factor. A proposal for routing with
frequently changing topology to avoid disconnection of network on road and for the routing
among overlapping networks in flyovers with multiple ramps and stack to avoid wrong
messaging is given.
GLOBAL FRONTRUNNER ROUTING ALGORITHM (GFRA) FOR V2V COMMUNICATION IN VANETS cscpconf
VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork) is the emerging research area that making the phrase
“Network on Wheel” true. In this new age network the basic WLAN (IEEE 802.11) standard is
used. As the necessity of such network increases the implementation challenges are being taken
into account. They are broadcasting, routing, priority scheduling and security and privacy. In
this paper the routing is considered as the research factor. A proposal for routing with
frequently changing topology to avoid disconnection of network on road and for the routing among overlapping networks in flyovers with multiple ramps and stack to avoid wrong messaging is given.
Deterministic AODV Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networkpaperpublications3
Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can provide scalable and cost-effective solutions for applications such as traffic safety, dynamic route planning, and context-aware advertisement using short-range wireless communication. To function properly, these applications require efficient routing protocols. However, existing mobile ad hoc network routing and forwarding approaches have limited performance in VANETs. This dissertation shows that routing protocols which account for VANET-specific characteristics in their designs, such as position and mobility of Vehicle, can provide good performance for a large spectrum of applications.
Increased vehicular traffic demands smart vehicles which can interact with each other and roadside infrastructure to prevent accidents. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) provides this flexibility to the vehicles. In this desertion we initially analyze the performance of AODV and OLSR, and further we improve the performance of AODV by selecting the node on the basis of trust value of the successive nodes, we also reduce the neighbor hood expiry time and correspondingly update the route table of AODV, with this purposed approach we would be able to reduce the end-to-end delay of AODV sufficiently also the performance of AODV increase in terms of Throughput and packet delivery ratio.Keywords: VANET, AODV, ROUTING, ROUT TABLE.
Title: Deterministic AODV Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
Author: Dalbir Singh, Amit Jain (Asst. Prof.)
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
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Multicast Dual Arti-Q System in Vehicular Adhoc Networks
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 12, Issue 3 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 90-95
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 90 | Page
Multicast Dual Arti-Q System in Vehicular Adhoc Networks
S.Sujatha1
, P.Sukanya2
1
(Associate Professor, Computer Science, Dr.G.R.D College of Science, India)
2
(Research Scholar, Computer Science, Dr.G.R.D College of Science, India)
Abstract: The rising requirements of the wireless communication increase the researches in the wireless
communication area. Wireless communication is used in Ad hoc network. MANET is one of the self organizing,
self healing network in the Ad hoc network. VANET is a subset of the MANET which offers console and
protection to the users of VANET. VANET is a collected works of vehicular mobile nodes which figures the
vehicular Ad hoc networks. In VANET there are many confronting wanted to solve, in order to provide efficient
and stable services. Existing paper represents the Artigence techniques which will solve the challenges in the
VANET and improve the efficiency. Artigence uses Arti-Q algorithm, which is one type of efficient queuing
technique. The Arti-Q and VANET are using in the call taxi management systems in order to provide efficient
call taxi management service to the customers.
Keywords– Wireless Communication, Artigence techniques, Call taxi.
I. INTRODUCTION
A VANET or Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network is a formation of Vehicular Mobile ad-hoc network, to offer
communications between nearby vehicles. In VANET, there is a regular requirement of the information about
the current location, routes, specifically for data on the surrounding traffic, etc. This information can be
combined together in a number of groups. This includes many dissimilar belongings mostly based on sensor
data from other vehicles. Examples of VANET application are brake caution sent from preceding vehicle, track
and collision caution, details about road condition and maintenance, detailed area weather prediction,
forewarning of traffic jams, care to an accident behind the next turning, detail about an accident for the rescue
team and many other things. Other examples are local updating of the vehicle navigation systems information or
a subordinate that assists to chase a friend‟s vehicle. Another group is infotainment for passengers. For example,
interactive games between vehicles close to each other. The kids will be in love with it. Next group is local
information as next free parking space perhaps with a vehicle reservation system, detail about fuel prices and
services offered through the subsequent service station or just tourist information about places of interest. A
possible other group is vehicle maintenance. For example online help from a vehicle mechanic when your
vehicle breaks down or just simply information about service. No further inter-vehicle communication system
for data replacement between vehicles and among roadside and vehicles has been put into operation.
II. VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET).
Fig 1.Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET).
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks are expected to implement a variety of wireless technologies such as a
type of WiFi called Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). Other candidate wireless technologies are
Submitted date 15 June 2013 Accepted Date: 20 June 2013
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Satellite, WiMAX and Cellular. VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks) can be viewed as component of the
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Vehicular Networks are a vision of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Vehicles
communicate with each other via Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) as well as with roadside base stations via
Roadside-to-Vehicle Communication (RVC). The optimal goal is that vehicular networks will contribute to
safer and more efficient roads in the future by providing timely information to drivers and concerned authorities.
VANETs are characterized by their unique characteristics that distinguish them from MANET. These special
characteristics can be summarized as follows:
Higher mobility of nodes: VANET nodes are characterized by their high relative speed which makes
VANET environment high dynamic.
Predictable and restricted mobility patterns: Unlike the random mobility of MANET, VANET node
movements are governed by restricted rules (traffic flow theory rules), which make them predictable at
least on the short run.
Rapid topology change: VANET nodes are characterized by their high speed. This leads to frequent
network topology changes, which introduces high communication overhead for exchanging new topology
information.
No power constraints: Each vehicle is equipped with a battery that is used as an infinite power supply for
all communications and computation tasks.
Localization: Vehicles can use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to identify their locations with high
accuracy.
Abundant network nodes: Unlike MANETs that are characterized by a small network sizes, VANET
networks can be very large due to high density of the vehicles.
Hard delay constraints: Safety messages are the main goal of VANETs. Therefore, safety messages should be
given high priority and must be delivered on time.
III. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTS
This type of applications is used to facilitate traffic flow, thus reducing traffic congestion, fuel
consumption, and travel time. This type of applications is not as much of harsh on real-time constraints. This
means that if the messages are delayed, there is no real threat to life i.e., no collision to occur. If the messages
are delayed as contrasting to the safety messages where a real threat to the life may occur. The information
provided by these applications mainly describes the status of the traffic in a certain areas like intersection or
road constructions. In this kind of applications, vehicles cooperate to generate messages. Using inter-vehicle
communications these messages are collected and sent, in a multi-hop manner to other vehicles in other
geographic areas.
IV. SURVEY OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS
This section provides a survey of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. The routing protocols are
divided into two major categories,
Topology-based routing
Position-based routing.
The following section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these routing protocols, discovers
the inspiration following their trace the evolution and design of these routing protocols.
Topology-based Routing Protocols
These routing protocols use links‟ information that exists in the network to perform packet forwarding. They can
further be categorized into
Proactive (table-driven) routing
Reactive (on-demand) routing.
Proactive (table-driven):
Proactive routing carries the distinct feature: the routing information such as the next forwarding hop is
maintained regardless of communication requests in the background. Broadcast control packets constantly and
flooded among nodes to maintain the paths or the link states between any pair of nodes even though some of
paths are not at all used.
A Routing table is then constructed within a node such that each entry in the routing table indicates the
next hop node toward a certain destination node. The merits of the proactive routing protocols are that there is
no route discovery since route to the destination is maintained in the background and is always obtainable ahead
lookup. Even though it‟s good property of providing low latency for real-time applications, the preservation of
unused paths engages an important part of the obtainable bandwidth, particularly in highly mobile VANETs.
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Example of Proactive protocol Fisheye State Routing which is an efficient link state routing that maintains a
topology map at each node and propagates link state updates with only immediate neighbors not the entire
network. Furthermore, the link state information is broadcast in different frequencies for different entries
depending on their hop distance to the current node. Entries that are further away are broadcast with lower
frequency than ones that are closer. The reduction in broadcast overhead is traded for the imprecision in routing.
However, the imprecision gets corrected as packets approach progressively closer to the destination.
Reactive (On Demand):
Reactive routing opens a route only when it is necessary for a node to communicate with one
more nodes. It maintains only the routes that are at present in use, thus dropping the burden on the network. The
reactive routings naturally have a route discovery phase where query packets are flooded into the network in
search of a efficient path. The phase completes when a shortest path i.e., route is found.
D
S
Figure 2. Propagation of the RREQ
Example of Reactive Protocol is AODV – In Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) (Perkins,
1999) routing, upon receipt of a broadcast query (RREQ), nodes record the address of the node sending the
query in their routing table (Figure 3a).
This procedure of recording its previous hop is called backward learning. Upon arriving at the
destination, a reply packet (RREP) is then sent through the complete path obtained from backward learning to
the source (Figure 3b). At each step of the path, the node would record its previous hop, thus establishing the
forward path from the source. The overflowing of query and throwing of reply creates a full duplex path.
D
S
Figure 3. Path of the RREP to the source.
After the path has been established, it is maintained as long as the source uses it. A link failure will be
reported recursively to the source and will in turn trigger another query-response procedure to find a new route.
V. ARTI-Q IN EXISTING ARTIGENCE
This is an existing system they used Artigence technique which is used for efficient call taxi
management system. Artigence means that artificial intelligence, i.e., the capacity of a computer to perform
operations analogous to learning and decision making by humans, as by an expert system. As per the name, can
know that the Artigence system can perform tasks without the manpower. In the existing system Artigence is the
technique which uses the algorithm called Arti-Q. Existing Arti-Q consists of two types of controlling
component, they are,
Arti-Q main
Arti-Q proxy
The functionalities of the above two control units are described in the working strategy of the Arti-Q algorithm.
The Existing algorithm uses the Queue data structure, which follows the strategy first in first out. The parallel
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processing will be carried out in the existing system at the time of finding the response for the respective
request. In the existing system the Arti-Q algorithm works as follows,
The data are established for the process from external proxy to internal proxy.
At the first time, the Arti-Q main server will receive the requests. Request receiving in Arti-Q main will be
discontinued after 0.5 second timer. The timer can be varying based on the nature of the application and
requirement of the user.
By the time of developing in the Arti-Q main server, the requests are received by the Arti-Q proxy.
The demands i.e., requests are stocked up in the Queue data structure, in Arti-Q main and also in Arti-Q
proxy.
In Arti-Q main, the first request is processed and the response is found. Then Arti-Q main will analysis that
the same request of the first process is repeated by other processes in the queue.
As a result, the identical response will be sent to another process whose requests are same like the processed
request.
And then provided requests are removed from the queue.
The Arti - Q proxy will load the demands i.e., requests in the Arti-Q main for subsequent iteration.
VI. Artigence In Vanet
Existing Artigence can be combined with VANET with the call taxi management systems, to
manage the vehicle reservation more well-organized. For that externally one mobile is connected to the system.
This mobile device is used for GSM communication and to increase the baud rate of the system. The existing
Artigence system consists of the information about the vehicle and drivers. By using GPRS the system will
recognize the vehicle‟s environmental location. As well the information will store in the vehicle information.
The customer who needs vehicle will send a message which should be in the syntax of “‟taxi‟ space
„area name‟” to the toll free number. At the same time many number of users can send the requests to search out
the vehicle. The Artigence is running to handle multiple requests in the server. The system finds the vehicle
which is near to the user‟s location. The driver name, vehicle number and driver‟s mobile number will send to
the user‟s mobile number. The vehicle reservation near the city will consists of some constraints that,
The driver who was free at that time
The driver who has low workload.
Advantages of the Artigence
The existing Artigence system which is used in the VANET for efficient call taxi management system
consists of following advantages.
Decreases waiting time of the requests in the queue.
In the existing strategy, if any file or information needs to be transfer means we need web connection. But
while using the Arti-Q we can transfer the information by using GSM communication.
In the existing systems, the information can be hacked by the unauthorized users. But in the Arti-Q
system, because of GSM communication the information is secured while transferring it.
Current networking techniques are having many disadvantages. The main disadvantage is time
consuming in the sense the response time of a particular request will be reduced in the Arti-Q system. But the
response time of Arti -Q can be reduced by using Dual Arti-Q system.
Process distribution allows you to load cubes into separate sub processes that run parallel to the main process of
the system. As a result of using process distribution, administrative observer can maximize the memory amount
available for the cubes to be loaded.
VII. Parallel And Distributed Computing
Distributed systems are groups of computers or networks, which contains the similar goal for their
work. The similar system may be characterized both as "parallel" and "distributed"; the processors in a
characteristic distributed system run simultaneously in parallel. Parallel computing may be seen as a particular
tightly coupled form of distributed computing, and distributed computing may be seen as a loosely coupled form
of parallel computing. Nevertheless, it is possible to roughly classify concurrent systems as "parallel" or
"distributed" using the following criteria:
In parallel computing, all processors may have access to a shared memory to exchange information
between processors.
In distributed computing, each processor has its own private memory. Data are exchanged by passing
messages between the processors.
5. Multicast Dual Arti-q System In Vehicular AdHoc Networks
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Figure 4. Parallel and distributed computing. (a) – (b) A distributed system & (c) Parallel system.
The figure on the right illustrates the difference between distributed and parallel systems. Figure (a) is a
schematic view of a typical distributed system; typically, the system is characterized as a network topology in
which each node is a computer and each line connecting the nodes is a communication link. Figure (b) shows
the same distributed system in more detail: each computer has its own local memory , and data can be
exchanged only by passing messages from one node to another by using the available communication links.
Figure (c) shows a parallel system in which each processor has a direct access to a shared memory.
VIII. DUAL (distributed) ARTI-Q SYSTEM
In dual Arti-Q system is based on the existing Artigence system. In existing Artigence system the
functionality is classified into two categories. The functionalities are divided and each functionalities are
performed in a distributed manner. So the functionalities are,
Scheduling
Message Transmission
Scheduling
Scheduling is the process of deciding how to commit resources between a variety of possible tasks.
Time can be specified (scheduling a flight to leave at 8:00) or floating as part of a sequence of events. Based on
the definition of scheduling this phase is dealing with the following task alone.
Receiving a request from the user or the customer in the syntax of “taxi” space “area name” to the toll free
number.
The system arranges the request in the FIFO queueing format.
It finds the same requests if any. Based on that it rearranges the queuing structure.
It finally finds the response i.e., the call taxi which was free at the time of response.
And those details are stored in the scheduling Arti-Q server or scheduling Arti –Q system.
Message Transmission
Message transmission is the process of sending the response (call taxi contact number) based on the
request (“taxi” space “area name”) to the corresponding user or customer. So it consists of following
functionalities,
It refers scheduled and processed requests from the server.
It checks the mobile number of the user who sent the requests
It finally sends the driver name and contact number of the taxi to the customer.
IX. Conclusion
The concept of VANET and the characteristics of VANET is discussed in the first section. Routing and
its types are explained in the second section. Routing is the process of finding the shortest path for message
transmission. Section 3 and 4 are dealing with the existing concept of Artigence and how Artigence can be used
6. Multicast Dual Arti-q System In Vehicular AdHoc Networks
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to improve the efficiency of the calltaxi management system and it having the disadvantage related to the time.
By using Dual Arti-Q system how the disadvantage of Artigence based call taxi management is avoided. So that
the efficiency of Dual Arti-Q system is 40 % improved when compared with existing Artigence based VANET
in the application of Call taxi management system.
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Author’s Profile
S. Sujatha completed her undergraduate degree at Sri Sarada College for Women, Tirunelveli and has also
completed post graduate level courses MCA and M.Phil at Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India, and is
currently pursuing her doctorate in Computer Science. Her area of interest is Mobile Agent Technology &
Networks. She has been participating continuously in research and development activities for the past ten years.
To her credit, she has presented and published technical papers in International Journals, at
International Conferences and International Workshops organized by various international bodies like IEEE,
WSEAS, and IEEE Explore. She has published book on Integrating SOA and Web Services and also contributed
chapters on Personal Area Network and published articles & working manuals in agent technology. The author
is currently employed as Associate Professor at the Dr. G.R Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, India.
She is an active member of various technical bodies like ECMA, Internet Society of Kolkata and Chennai and
acts as a moderator in various international conferences and journals.
P.Sukanya completed her undergraduate degree at Don Bosco College, Panaji Goa and has also completed post
graduate level courses MCA at Karunya University, Coimbatore, and is currently pursuing her Mphil in
Computer Science at Dr. G.R Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, India. Her area of interest is
Advance Networks. She has presented technical papers at National Conferences.