1. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) use vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication to share safety information, improving road safety. 2. VANETs allow vehicles to form a temporary network without any preexisting infrastructure, distributing real-time information to avoid accidents. 3. Current research focuses on applications for traffic scenarios, as well as addressing challenges relating to network topology, routing mechanisms, security, and minimizing power consumption.

2. Agenda:
What is Ad-Hoc?
About Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
VNET Communication architecture.
Intelligent transport system.
Structure of modern vehicle
Communication types
I. Inter vehicle
II. Roadside to vehicle
Current work in VNET,Application,
summary

3. Perspective – What’s Ad-Hoc?
"Ad Hoc" is actually a Latin phrase that means
"for this purpose.“
It is often used to describe solutions that are
developed on-the-fly for a specific purpose.
In networking, an ad hoc network refers to a
network connection established for a single
session and does not require a router or a
wireless base station.
3

4. Vehicles transformed
into “Computers on the
wheels” or “networks on
the wheels.
Ad-hoc means a system
a systems of network
elements that combine
to a form a network
require little or no more
planning of
communication between
v2v.

5.  The participating nodes in this network Can
interact and cooperate with each other by
short range communication.
 On board unit inside the vehicle gives
information About condition & is responsible
for commmunicate with the other vehicle.

6. The Vehicular Ad hoc
Network (VANET) has
emerged as a new
technology to offer
solutions for Intelligent
Transportation Systems
(ITS) that aim at helping
drivers on the roads by
anticipating hazardous
events or avoiding bad
traffic areas.

7. Briefly About VNET
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Communication is the wide
area of research topic for Wireless technologies in educational
environment as well as automobile industry.
Basically Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET's) technically
based upon the Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Vehicular to Vehicular (V2V) communication is efficient due to
various reasons like short range, cheapest Communication and
better bandwidth.
VANET is a subgroup of MANET where the nodes refer to vehicles.
Since the movement of Vehicles are restricted by roads, traffic
regulations

8. A Modern Vehicle
Positioning system (GPS)
Forward radar
Communication
facility
Rear radar
Event data recorder (EDR)
Human-Machine Interface Display Computing platform
A modern vehicle is a network of sensors/actuators on wheels !

9. Communication architecture
The protocols stack which may
be used by VNET nodes is
given in figure -
1. The protocol stack consists
of five layers and three
planes.
2. The planes are to help sensor
node to coordinate the
sensing tasks and lower
overall power consumption.

10. More specifically, the power management plane,
manages power consumption for example defining
sleep and wake status for thenodes.
The mobility management plane monitors the
movement of sensor nodes, so a route back to
the user is always maintained. And finally, the task
manager plane balance and coordinates the
sensing tasks given to a particular given region.

11. Physical Layer
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [17] assigned a
new 75 MHz band Dedicated Short
Range Communication (DSRC) at the 5.9 GHz frequency for
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications in
North America. The band is divided into seven channels as
abstracted in the following figure

12. Data link layer
The datalink layer operates on an individual link or
subnetwork part of a connection, managing the transmission
of the data across a particular physical connection .
Therefore, some mechanisms for service differentiation and
admission control are indispensable. In fact, we can define
three levels of priority for messages in VASNET:
(1) event driven safety messages,
(2) beaconing safety messages,
(3) comfort messages respectively in descending order.
The required mechanisms are dependent on MAC layer
policy.

13. Network layer:
Responsible for source to destination delivery of packet.
The network layer sets up and manages an end-to-end
connection across a single real network,
determining which permutation of individual links
need be used and ensuring the correct transfer of
information across the single network.
VNET inherits network layer issues from traditional wireless
sensor networks and mobile Ad Hoc networks (MAENT)
such infrastructures, unstable topology, multi-hop
networking, energy efficiency data-centric ,routing
localization, etc.

14. Transport layer
This makes a bursty traffic in to the network. Significant
sensory data must be reliably delivered to thebase station to
obtain detection and tracking an event signal. Simultaneously, if
the multi-hop network capacity exceed, congestion is the result.
the splitting capability of the
transport protocol allows one
session
to be conducted over a
number of parallel network
communication paths.

15. Application layer
 In case of wireless sensor networks, application layer may
be responsible for some functions like
generation of information,
interest and data dissemination,
feature extraction of event signals,
and data aggregation and fusion.
 However, in our proposed system, these services have to
utilize the capabilities of VNET while conforming to its
constraints.

16. Communication types
• Inter-vehicle communication(IVC)
• Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)
• Vehicle to Roadside/infrastructure (V2R/V2I)
Hybrid Models
• Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) & Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
• Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) & Vehicle to Roadside (V2R)

17. •A wireless transceiver that
transmits and receives data
to/from the neighboring
vehicles and roadside
•A GPS receiver that
provides relatively accurate
positioning and time
synchronization information
•Appropriate sensors to
measure the various
parameters that have to be
measured and eventually
transmitted
•An input/output interface
that allows human
interaction with the system

18. Inter-vehicle communication
(IVC) Systems
The inter-vehicle communication configuration (Fig. 1) uses
multi-hop multicast/broadcast to transmit traffic related
information over multiple
There are two types of message forwarding in inter-vehicle
communications: naïve broadcasting and intelligent
broadcasting hops to a group of receivers

19. Vehicle-to-Roadside
Communication (RVC)
Systems
The vehicle-to-roadside
communication configuration
(Fig) represents a single hop
broadcast where the roadside
unit sends a broadcast message to
all equipped vehicles
Vehicle-to-roadside communication
configuration provides
a high bandwidth link between
vehicles and roadside
units.

20. • Vehicle to Infrastructure provides solution to longer-range
vehicular networks.
• It makes use of preexisting network infrastructure such as
wireless access points (Road-Side Units, RSUs).
• Communications between vehicles and RSUs are supported
by Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) protocol and Vehicle-to-
Roadside (V2R) protocol.
• The Roadside infrastructure involves additional installation
costs.

21. Vehicle to vehicle
• Vehicle to Vehicle communication approach is most suited
for short range vehicular networks.
• It is Fast and Reliable and provides real time safety
• It does not need any roadside Infrastructure.
• V2V does not have the problem of Vehicle Shadowing in
which a smaller vehicle is shadowed by a larger vehicle
preventing it to communicate with the Roadside
infrastructure.

22. Application of VANET
Public Safety
Traffic Management
Traffic Coordination Applications
Traveller Information Support Applications
Comfort Applications
Broadband services.

23. Current work :
Currently there is ongoing research in the field of
InVANETs for several scenarios.
The main interest is in applications for traffic scenarios,
mobile phone systems, sensor networks and future combat
systems.
Recent research has focused on topology related problems
such as range optimization, routing mechanisms, or address
systems, as well as security issues like traceability or
encryption.
In addition, there are very specific research interests such
as the effects of directional antennas for InVANETs and
minimal power consumption for sensor networks

24. Summary:
1. Improves the safety of the vehicles.
2.Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) upon
implementation should collect and distribute
safety information.
3. So massively reduce the number of accidents.
4.The rapid advancement of wireless
communications and information technologies
are revolutionizing many aspects of the human
lifestyle.

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References
VEHICULAR AD HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS
PRINCIPLES AND CHALLENGES,pdfby Mohammad Jalil
Piran1, G. Rama Murthy2, G. Praveen Babu3
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS): status, results,and
challenges,paper by Sherali Zeadally · Ray Hunt · Yuh-Shyan
Chen · Angela Irwin · Aamir Hassan
Data Networks, IP and the Internet book.Willey
Electronic journal
www.google.com.

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Questions?