This document provides an overview of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). It discusses how VANETs allow vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication using technologies like Dedicated Short Range Communication. It describes the challenges of VANETs including routing delays and security issues. Finally, it outlines some of the safety, convenience and commercial applications that are possible with VANETs such as improved traffic management and navigation services.

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3. • PRESENTED BY: AKASH R
• GUIDED BY: Smt. GEETHA RAJ R
• CO-ORDINATED BY: Smt. ANJU J
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4. • What is a VANET?
• Intelligent transportation system
• Vehicle to vehicle communication
• Vehicle to infrastructure communication
• Dedicated Short Range Communication
• challenges
• Applications of VANET
• conclusion
• references
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5. Event data recorder (EDR)
Positioning system (GPS)
Forward radar
Communication
facility
Rear radar
Human-Machine Display
Interface Computing platform
A modern vehicle is a network of sensors/actuators on wheels !

6.  Vehicles Transformed into “Computers on the
Wheels” or “Networks on the Wheel”
 Vehicular Communication System (VCS):- Two main
type of communications
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication:-
Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication:-
 Advantage and Usage of VCS:-
Information sharing
Co-operative driving
Other value added services like Navigation, internet
access etc.
 ad-hoc means to a system of network elements that
combine to form a network requiring little or no planning
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7.  Communication between V2V and V2I are “ad-hoc" in
nature.
 This special kind of communication network is known as
“Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET)”
 VANET will become Worlds largest ad-hoc network
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9. • Communication:- Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environment (WAVE): IEEE 1609.2 Standard also Known
DSRC 802.11p
• Supports Multi-Hop communication for vehicles out of
range (Max. Range DSRC is 1000m)
• On-Board Unit (OBU):- A device which is inside the
vehicle which
processes the data collected from various sensors
fitted inside the cars and gives conditions of the vehicles
is responsible for communication with outside network
i.e with other vehicles and infrastructure.
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10. • Road Side Unit (RSU): Infrastructure for communication
between the cars for sharing and information from
various vehicles.
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11.  It allows safe and free flow traffic.
 It uses GPS and DGPS equipped devices.
 It uses various technology like:-
1. Wireless communications
2. Computational technologies
3. Floating car data/floating cellular data
4. Sensing technologies
5. Inductive loop detection
6. Video vehicle detection
7. Bluetooth Detection 11

12.  Uses multi-hop/multi cast technique.
 uses two type of broadcasting
1. naive broadcasting
2. intelligent broadcasting
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13.  High bandwidth link with vehicle and roadside equipment.
 Roadside units broadcast messages.
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14. • Uses multi hop unicast
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17. Each vehicle is a node with unique ID.
 proactive routing
• It tries to maintain routes to all destinations.
 Reactive routing
• It initiates route discovery in demand of data traffic.
 Position based Routing
• Routing based on destination’s position.
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18. • Broadcasting algorithms used.
• Data and control packet forwarding are loop free.
• Ad hoc routing algorithms are used.
Mobicasting
• Consider time into account.
• Main goal is delivery of information to all nodes in a point
of time.
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19. • Indicates level of performance given to user.
• Provide robust routes among nodes.
Security
• Many threats for Vanet.
• Avoid some threats using digital signatures.
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20.  Routing
• Large end-to-end delays and decreased packet delivery
ratio.
 Security Frameworks
• Need lightweight, scalable authentication frameworks.
• Need reliable and secureness .
• Need fast and low-cost message exchange facility.
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21.  Quality of Service.
• QoS challenges are packet delivery ratio and connection
duration.
 Broadcasting.
• Most messages in Vanet are broadcast messages.
• Collisions affects message delivery.
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23. Three major classes of applications possible in VANET are
 safety oriented
 convenience oriented
 commercial oriented
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25. • Consists of vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure
communication.
• It improves the safety of vehicles.
• Supports Intelligent Transportation system.
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26. • Raya, M. and Hubaux, J., “The Security of Vehicular Ad Hoc
Networks”, in Proceedings of the 3rdACM Workshop on Security of
Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN 2005), Alexandria, VA,
• Harsch, C., Festag, A. & Papadimitratos, P., “Secure Position-Based
Routing for VANETs”, in Proceedings of IEEE 66thVehicular
Technology Conference (VTC-2007).
• Gerlach, M., Full Paper: Assessing and Improving Privacy in
VANETs, www.networkon-wheels.de/downloads/escar2006gerlach.pdf
.
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27. • Jinyuan, S., Chi, Z. & Yuguang, F., “An ID-based Framework Achieving
Privacy and Non-Repudiation”, in Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Ad Hoc
Networks, Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007).
• Stampoulis, A. & Chai, Z., A Survey of Security in Vehicular Networks.
• Balon, N., Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and the Broadcast
Storm Problem,http://www.csie.ntpu.edu.tw/~yschen/course/96-
2/Wireless/papers/broadcast-5.pdf .
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