Mohit Ram presents on lubricating oils. Lubricating oils are used to reduce friction, remove heat from friction, and prevent corrosion. They are manufactured by mixing selected oil fractions obtained from vacuum distillation of crude oil with additives. The fractions require further treatment like solvent extraction and dewaxing to achieve the desired properties for lubricating oils like viscosity, viscosity index, and pour point. Vacuum distillation units, solvent units, and hydrofinishing units are used in this further treatment and processing of the oil fractions.

1. PRESENTED BY-
MOHIT RAM
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ROLL NO. 213

2.  Lubricating oils are used to reduce friction and wear , remove
heat generated by friction and prevents corrosion .
 Lubricating oils of various grades are manufactured by
mixing of selected lubricating oil and additives.
 Lubricating oil are produced from heavy waxy distillate
fractions obtained from vacuum distillation of atmospheric
residue.
 The straight run vacuum distillate fractions require further
treatment to bring them to the desired specification of
lubricating oil.
 The treatment involved depends on the properties such as
viscosity, conrandson carbon residue(CCR), viscosity index,
pour point and colour.

3.  High Vacuum Distillation Unit : To obtain various disstilate
fractions and vacuum residue.
 Solvent Deasphalting Unit : To remove asphalt from vacuum
residue.
 Solvent Extraction Unit : To remove undesirable napthenic
and aromatic hydrocarbons from the distillate fractions so as
to improve the viscosity index of lube oil base stocks.
 Solving Dewaxing Unit : To remove wax content of the soil so
as to improve the pour point of the lube oil.
 Hydrofinishing Unit : To improve colour , oxidation and
colour stability of finished lube oil.

6.  Kalol crude has little potential for high viscosity lube oil
because of low viscosity and high wax content .
 Since viscosity index of distillates from Naharkatia crude is
low , it is no not suitable for high viscosity index lube oils.
 Among three crudes NR crude oil has better potential for lube
oils .

7.  In vacuum distillation of long residue, feed is split into
various heavy waxy distillate fractions like spindle oil, light
oil, intermediate oil, heavy oil cuts and short residue.
 Fractionation of long residue is accomplished by distillation
under an appropriately high vacuum to prevent
decomposition of very high boiling components.
 Particular attention is paid to washing areas in the vacuum
column, in order to prevent any mechanical entrainment of
liquid.

8.  The reduced crude oil from the atmospheric column is further
heated and vaporized in the fired heater and charged to a
vacuum column.
 Typical flash temperature will be 390-400°C at 120 mm Hg
(absolute pressure).
 The required vacuum is maintained by a multistage steam
ejector system.
 Partial pressure of hydrocarbons in the vacuum column is
effectively reduced by the injection of steam at the bottom of
the column.
 The distillate fractions are steam stripped in strippers to
control the flash points. These fractions are then sent for
further processing.

10. Flash zone temperature,°C 385
Pressure (absolute), mm Hg,
(a)Top 23
(b)Flash zone 100

11. Fraction Yield, wt.% Kinematic viscosity at
98.9°C
Gas oil 5.0 1.55
Spindle oil 11.0 3.57
Light oil 18.5 4.15
Intermediate oil 12.0 11.1
Heavy oil 8.5 23.1
Short residue 45.0 1140.0