This document provides an overview of nuclear reactors, including their classification, main components, the nuclear fission reaction, and different reactor types. It discusses reactors based on neutron energy, coolant used, moderator, and fuel enrichment. The main components of a nuclear reactor are described as the fuel, moderator, coolant, control rods, and shielding. Examples of reactor types are provided and compared such as BWR, PWR, PHWR, GCR, LWGR, and FBR. Current and planned nuclear reactor units in India are also listed.

1. Anupam Chauhan
CSJMA14001390190

2. CONTENTS
1.Classification of nuclear reactor
2.Components of nuclear reactor
3.Nuclear fission reaction
4.Different types of nuclear reactors
5.Reactor units in India
6.Proposed reactor units in India
7.Conclusion
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEAR
REACTOR
1. On the basis of neutron energy :
a) Thermal reactor (neutron energy = 0.03 eV)
b) Fast reactor (neutron energy = 1000 eV)
c) Intermediate reactor (in b/w)
2. On the basis of type of coolant used :
a) Gas (CO2, H2)
b) Light water
c) Heavy water
d) Liquid metalhydro carbon
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4. 3. On The Basis Of Moderator Used :
a) Light Water
b) Heavy water
c) Graphite
4. On The Basis of Type of Fuel Enrichment :
a) Natural Fuel
b) Enriched Fuel
c) In oxide or carbide form
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5. MAIN COMPONENTS OF
NUCLEAR REACTOR
• FUEL:- The fuel which usually used is natural U-235. It is used
in the form of rods and moderator surrounds it.
• MODERATOR:- The function of moderator is to reduce the
energy of neutron evolved during fission in order to maintain the
chain reaction. It also reduces the quantity of fuel required to
maintain the chain reaction.
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6. • COOLANT:- The purpose of the coolant is to transfer the generated
heat to generate the steam. The coolant is circulated in the reactor
and keeps and keeps the temperature of the temperature below the
safe level by continuous removal of energy from the core.
• CONTROL RODS:- The controls rods helps to vary the output
according to the load and shut down the reactor under emergency
conditions. By absorbing more number of neutrons than emitted and
the fission reaction dies out.
• SHIELDING:- The reactor is the sources of intense radio-activity and
these radiation are very harmful to the human life. To prevent that a
thick concrete lining outside and thin steel lining is provided to avoid
the escape of radiations to the atmosphere.
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7. NUCLEAR FISSION REACTION
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8. TYPES OF REACTORS
• Pressurize water reactor (PWR)
• Boiling water reactor (BWR)
• Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) /
CANDU
• Gas cooled reactor (GCR)
• Fast Breeder reactor (FBR)
• Light water graphite-moderated reactor
(RBMK)
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9. BOILING WATER
REACTOR (BWR)
8

10. 9

11. PRESSURIZED
WATER REACTOR
(PWR)
10

12. 11

13. PRESSURIZED
HEAVY WATER
REACTOR (PWR)
112

14. 113Pressurize heavy water reactor
(PHWR)

15. LIGHT WATER
GRAPHITE-
MODERATED
REACTOR (LWGR)
114

16. `
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17. GAS COOLED
REACTOR (GCR)
116

18. • ADVANTAGES 17Gas cooled reactor

19. FAST BREEDER
REACTOR (FBR)
118

20. 119

21. REACTO
R TYPE
BWR PWR PHWR GCR LWGR FBR
PURPOSE Electricity Electricity And
Nuclear Ships
(U.S)
Electricity
And
Plutonium
Production
Electricity
And
Plutonium
Production
Electricity
And
Plutonium
Production
Electricity
And
Plutonium
Production
COOLANT
TYPE
Water Water Heavy
Water
Gas Water Molten, liquid
sodium
MODERATOR Water Water Heavy
Water
Graphite Graphite Not
Required
FUEL UO2 UO2 UO2
Or
Uranium
metal
UC2
Or
Uranium
metal
UO2
Or
Uranium
metal
Plutonium
dioxide and
Uranium
dioxide in
various
arrangements
FUEL
ENRICHMENT
LEVEL
Low enriched Low enriched Natural
Uranium
Slightly
enriched,
Natural
uranium
Slightly
enriched
Mixtures of
P-239 and
U-235
1COMPARISON OF VARIOUS NUCLEAR REACTORS 20

22. 21

23. 122

24. PLANS FOR NEW REACTORS IN
INDIA
START REACTOR MODEL GROSS MW
2022 India, NPCIL Kakrapar 3 PHWR-700 700
2022 India, NPCIL Kakrapar 4 PHWR-700 700
2022 India, NPCIL Rajasthan 7 PHWR-700 700
2022 India, NPCIL Rajasthan 8 PHWR-700 700
2025 India, NPCIL Kudankulam VVER-1000 1050
123

25. CONCLUSION
• Utilizing Nuclear Energy is needed if humanity is to continue
its advancement. It has great potential to be quite useful
and beneficial part of humanity's growth.
• It is extremely important that Nuclear power plants are held
to stringent safety standards.
• Nuclear weapons such as America’s “Trident D5” and
Russia's “RS-28 sermet ” need to well maintained and kept
secured.
• As a world, it is imperative that we work to expand the use
of nuclear energy, all the while remaining cautious of its
destructive problems.
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26. REFERENCES
Links :
1. www.npcil.nic.in
2. www.nptel.ac.in
3. www.world-nuclear.org
Books :
• Christopher E. Brennen, An Introduction to
Nuclear Power generation ; Dankat
Publishing Company (2005)
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27. THANK YOU !