1. Petro-Canada We Make Tough Lubricants

2. Lubrication Fundamentals & Base Oils Training Module

4. Importance of Lubrication

6. Key Lubricant Properties

14. “ Rule of Thumb” Every 10°C rise in temperature over 80°C decreases the life of the oil by about half. Lubricant Properties: Oxidation Resistance Oxidation Rate increases with Temperature E.g. Oil Life of Premium R & O: Temperature °C Hours Days 80 10000 416 90 5000 208 100 2500 104 110 1250 52 120 625 26 130 313 13

19. Use of Additives Detergents Dispersants Anti-Oxidants Rust Inhibitors Anti-Wear E.P. Agents VI Improvers Pour Point Depressants Anti-Foam Engine Oils ATF General R&O Oil AW Hydraulic Industrial Gear Oil HVI Some Automotive Gear Oil Some ADDITIVE                                     Dyes Friction Modifiers    Grease      

20. Base Oil Refining A Simple introduction

21. Origin of Lubricants - Distillation of Crude - Creation of Base Stocks

27. API Base Stock Groups -Base Oil Quality

30. Purity (% saturate level) 80 90 100 Viscosity Index 90 100 110 120 130 Group II (Hydroprocessed) Group I (Solvent Refined) Group III (Hydroprocessed) Petro-Canada Group II & VHVI Group III Group IV (PAO) Base Oil Quality

31. Advanced Mineral Base Oils Intensity of Processing Group I (Solvent Refining) Group II (Hydrogenation) Group III (wax conversion) Increased Performance Group II+ (Hydrogenation)

32. Lubricants World Product of the Year

33. Oxidative stability is a key measure of a hydraulic fluid’s ability to retain the protective properties it had as “fresh oil” HYDREX resists oxidative attack better than the leading competitor Better Than Conventional Hydraulic Oil TOTAL WEAR PROTECTION *

34. Refining Methods -Solvent Refining -Hydro-Treated & Hydro-Cracked Refining

40. Petro-Canada Base Stocks - Synthetic Base Stocks

43. Synthetic Base Stocks and Overview