This document discusses naphtha cracking, which is the process of breaking long chain hydrocarbons in naphtha into lighter hydrocarbons. There are three main types of naphtha cracking: hydrocracking uses hydrogen and high pressure, catalytic cracking uses catalysts at 450-550°C, and steam cracking is the most complex using steam at 100-1400K. Steam cracking produces ethylene, propylene, butadiene and other products. Naphtha cracking is important for producing gasoline and solvents from naphtha.
A project on the Mother plant of Petrochemical Industry.
110 MT per year production capacity of NCP plant at RIL- VMD. Detailed studies on Short residence time Furnaces, Distillation columns, Catalytic converters, heat exchangers etc. calculations made on process parameters and mechanical design aspects.
These slides are developed for a part of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Refinery Engineering. The slides are also helpful for Masters level introductory course.
Catalytic Reforming Process is one of the most important processes in the petroleum and petrochemical industries which produce high octane number gasoline.
Project of Introduction to Petroleum and Gas Engineering and Explanation of the cracking process and types.Cracking, as the name suggests, is a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and more useful ones,The cracking products, such as ethene, propene, buta-1,3-diene and C4 alkenes, are used to make many important chemicals. Others such as branched and cyclic alkanes are added to the gasoline fraction obtained from the distillation of crude oil to enhance the octane rating.
A project on the Mother plant of Petrochemical Industry.
110 MT per year production capacity of NCP plant at RIL- VMD. Detailed studies on Short residence time Furnaces, Distillation columns, Catalytic converters, heat exchangers etc. calculations made on process parameters and mechanical design aspects.
These slides are developed for a part of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Refinery Engineering. The slides are also helpful for Masters level introductory course.
Catalytic Reforming Process is one of the most important processes in the petroleum and petrochemical industries which produce high octane number gasoline.
Project of Introduction to Petroleum and Gas Engineering and Explanation of the cracking process and types.Cracking, as the name suggests, is a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and more useful ones,The cracking products, such as ethene, propene, buta-1,3-diene and C4 alkenes, are used to make many important chemicals. Others such as branched and cyclic alkanes are added to the gasoline fraction obtained from the distillation of crude oil to enhance the octane rating.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/petrochemicals-an-overview/
Introduction:
The course is mainly about the petrochemical industry. Talks about several chemicals and their chemical routes in order to produce in mass scale the demands of the market.
Learn about:
Petorchemical Industry
Difference between Petroleum Refining vs. Petrochemical Industry
Paraffins, Olefins, Napthenes & Aromatics
Market insight (production, consumption, prices)
Two main Petrochemical Processes: Naphtha Steam Cracking and Fluid Catalytic Cracking
The most important grouping in petrochemical products
Petrochemical physical & chemical properties. Chemical structure, naming, uses, production, etc.
Basic Gases in the industry: Ammonia, Syngas, etc…
C1 Cuts: Methane, Formaldehyde, Methanol, Formic Acid, Urea, Chloromethanes etc…
C2 Cuts: Ethane, Acetylene, Ethylene, Ethylene Dichloride, Vinyl Chloride, Ethylene Oxide, Ethanolamines, Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid, Ethylene Glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG)
C3 Cuts: Propane, Propylene, Propylene Oxide, Isopropanol, Acetone, Acrylonitrile, Propediene, Allyl chloride, Acrylic acid, Propionic Acid, Propionaldehyde, Propylene Glycol
C4 Cuts: Butanes, Butylenes, Butadiene, Butanols, MTBE (Methyl Tert Butyl Ethers)
C5 cuts: Isoprene, Pentanes, Piperylene, Cyclopentadiene, Dicyclopentadiene, Isoamyl, etc…
Aromatics: Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes (BTX), Cumene, Phenol, Ethyl Benzene, Styrene, Pthalic Anhydride, Nitrobenzene, Aniline, Benzoic Acid, Chlorobenzene, etc…
At the end of the course you will feel confident in how the petrochemical industry is established. You will know the most common petrochemicals as well as their distribution, production and importance in daily life. It will help in your future process simulations by knowing the common and economical chemical pathways.
This presentation details out all the process in an Oil Refinery. If you are looking to have a hawk eye view of all the oil refinery process, this presentation will set you on.
Simple explained.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/petrochemicals-an-overview/
Introduction:
The course is mainly about the petrochemical industry. Talks about several chemicals and their chemical routes in order to produce in mass scale the demands of the market.
Learn about:
Petorchemical Industry
Difference between Petroleum Refining vs. Petrochemical Industry
Paraffins, Olefins, Napthenes & Aromatics
Market insight (production, consumption, prices)
Two main Petrochemical Processes: Naphtha Steam Cracking and Fluid Catalytic Cracking
The most important grouping in petrochemical products
Petrochemical physical & chemical properties. Chemical structure, naming, uses, production, etc.
Basic Gases in the industry: Ammonia, Syngas, etc…
C1 Cuts: Methane, Formaldehyde, Methanol, Formic Acid, Urea, Chloromethanes etc…
C2 Cuts: Ethane, Acetylene, Ethylene, Ethylene Dichloride, Vinyl Chloride, Ethylene Oxide, Ethanolamines, Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid, Ethylene Glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG)
C3 Cuts: Propane, Propylene, Propylene Oxide, Isopropanol, Acetone, Acrylonitrile, Propediene, Allyl chloride, Acrylic acid, Propionic Acid, Propionaldehyde, Propylene Glycol
C4 Cuts: Butanes, Butylenes, Butadiene, Butanols, MTBE (Methyl Tert Butyl Ethers)
C5 cuts: Isoprene, Pentanes, Piperylene, Cyclopentadiene, Dicyclopentadiene, Isoamyl, etc…
Aromatics: Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes (BTX), Cumene, Phenol, Ethyl Benzene, Styrene, Pthalic Anhydride, Nitrobenzene, Aniline, Benzoic Acid, Chlorobenzene, etc…
At the end of the course you will feel confident in how the petrochemical industry is established. You will know the most common petrochemicals as well as their distribution, production and importance in daily life. It will help in your future process simulations by knowing the common and economical chemical pathways.
This presentation details out all the process in an Oil Refinery. If you are looking to have a hawk eye view of all the oil refinery process, this presentation will set you on.
Simple explained.
Heat stabilizer for copper and other metal mono phthalocyanines as well as fo...Benjamin Lukas
Simple method for preparation of heat stabilizer for copper phthalocyanine pigments for colouration of plastic and rubber is described. The method can be used for heat stabilizer for other mono metal phthalocyanine used in industry as well as for other pigments such as quinocridones.
GENERAL: Office Waste, Domestic Waste
INFECTITIOUS: Hospital Waste, Research Lab, Waste
CHEMICAL: Pharmaceutical, Chemical, Pesticides, Refineries, etc.
Infectitious and chemical wastes are together termed as hazardous.
VULCAN VGP-1000 High Temperature Mn Sulfur Guard TechnologyGerard B. Hawkins
High Temperature Sulfur Removal in the Presence of Chlorides, for Magnaformers
Catalytic Reforming Overview
Commercial Catalytic Reforming Processes
Application for Catalytic Reforming
Sulfur Removal
Magnaforming Overview
HALOGINATION PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS CHEMISTRY.pptxkrishnapriyakr26
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adipic acid was synthesized from cyclohexanone and concentrated nitric acid. The HNO3 and cyclohexanone were combined very slowly, since the reaction is very exothermic. Once the reaction was complete, the product was allowed to crystallize and the solvent was removed
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
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Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. CONTENT
• NAPHTHA
• PROPERTY OF NAPTHA
• CRACKING
• NEED FOR CRACKING
• NAPTHA CRACKING
• USE OF NAPTHA
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
2
3. NAPHTHA
• Naphtha is naturally
occuring liquid
petroleum.
• Naphtha is a complex
mixture of
hydrocarbon.
• Naphtha is produced
by distillation of crude
oil.
3
4. PROPERTY OF NAPHTHA
• Boiling range of naphtha's are 85 ⁰c to 200 ⁰c.
• Naphtha is a colorless to reddish brown liquid.
• Naphtha is a volatile aromatic compound also.
• Naphtha is light poisonous also.
4
5. CLASSIFICATION OF NAPHTHA
• Naphtha fraction boils below 100 ⁰c is
called light naphtha.
• Naphtha fraction boils above 100 ⁰c to
below 150 ⁰c is called intermediate.
• Naphtha fraction boils above 150 ⁰c is
called heavy naphtha.
5
6. CRACKING
• It is a process where
long chain
hydrocarbon breaks
in to lighter
hydrocarbon.
• Cracking rate is
strongly depends
upon catalyst and
temperature.
6
7. NEED FOR CRACKING
• For producing petrol
the most valuable
fraction is naphtha.
• It is used as feedstock in
petroleum industry.
• To produce most
valuable from valuable
product.
7
9. HYDROCRACKING
• It is carried out with presence of hydrogen.
• The pressure of reactor is 80 atm.
• It is also used for cracking of heavy gas
oil.
9
10. CATALYTIC CRACKING
• the feed stock is gas
oil.
• The temperature of
the reactor is 450 ⁰c
to 550 ⁰c
• After cracking the
catalyst is separated
from product.
10
11. STEAM CRACKING
• It is most technically
complex plant.
• It is energy intensive
plant in chemical
industry.
• It is operated at 100 K
to 1400 K.
• Pressure of steam
distillation is 100 atm.
11
13. PROCESS OF STEAM CRACKING
NAPHTHA
PYROLYSIS SECTION
FRACTIONAL AND
SEPRATION SECTION PRODUCT RECOVERY
13
14. PYROLYSIS SECTION
• It is carried out in a tube steal furnace.
• The temperature of the furnace is 800 ⁰c.
• Steam to naphtha ratio is 0.6 kg/kg.
14
15. PRODUCT OUT FROM CRACKING
NAPHTHA
product out
ethylene -> 24%
propylene -> 20%
butadiene -> 3%
ether -> 25%
other -> 27%
BTX -> 1%
15
16. USE OF NAPHTHA
• Naptha is used as gasoline at high octane
number.
• Naptha is used as solvent steam cracker in
industry.
• Thinner for paints, varnishes.
• Used for commercial solvent like rubber.
16
17. CONCLUSION
• Naphthas are called petroleum ether,
petroleum sprit, mineral spirits, paraffin,
benzene, white oils and refined solvent.
17
18. REFERENCES
• Dr Ram Prasad (2010).petroleum refining
technology. Khanna publications.
• Heinz Heinemann. Fundamentals of
petroleum and petrochemical engineering.
Uttam ray chaudhari.
• www.collactioncare.org
• www.essentialchemicalindustry.org
• en.wikipedia.org
• http://giphy.com
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