The document outlines the technical specifications and architecture of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) technologies, highlighting differences in data transfer rates, network components, and functionalities. It details the evolution from UMTS to LTE, emphasizing the improvements in data rates and network efficiency. Key components such as the evolved packet core and user equipment are described, along with the advantages of LTE over its predecessor, including reduced latency and optimized infrastructure.

1. LONG TERM EVOLUTION
Reporters:
Michael Pablo Dela Paz Mark Anthony Juanillo
Carlo Bonne Matienzo Neo Gabriel Pablo

2. UMTS
 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
 UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE
 The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
 Data rates of UMTS are:
 144 kbps for rural
 384 kbps for urban outdoor
 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
 Virtual Home Environment (VHE)

3. UMTS FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
 UMTS Band
 1900-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz for 3G
transmission
 In the US, 1710–1755 MHz and 2110–
2155 MHz will be used instead, as the 1900 MHz
band was already used.

4. UMTS FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

5. UMTS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
 UMTS network architecture consists of three
domains:
 Core Network (CN)
 Provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic
 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
 Provides the air interface access method for user equipment.
 User Equipment (UE)
 Terminals work as air interface counterpart for base stations.

6. UMTS ARCHITECTURE

7. 3.5G (HSPA)
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is the combination of
two mobile telephony protocols;
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA),
that extends and improves the performance of existing
WCDMA protocols
3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the
UMTS technology in future.
These include:
- Adaptive Modulation and Coding
- Fast Scheduling
- Backward compatibility with 3G
- Enhanced Air Interface

8. WHAT IS LTE ??
 LTE stands for Long Term Evolution
 Next Generation mobile broadband technology
 Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps
 Based on UMTS 3G technology
 Optimized for All-IP traffic

9. MOTIVATION FOR LTE
 Need for optimised system
• Evolve UMTS towards packet only system
 Need for higher data rates
• Can be achieved with HSDPA/HSUPA
• And/or new air interface defined by 3GPP LTE
 Need for high quality of service
• Use of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality of services
• Always-on experience (reduce control plane latency
significantly)
• Reduce round trip delay
 Need for cheaper infrastructure
• Simply architecture, reduce number of network elements
• Most data users are less mobile

10. ADVANTAGES OF LTE

11. COMPARISON OF LTE SPEED

12. LTE ARCHITECTURE
LTE Architecture mainly consists of 3 Main
Components:
 Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
 User Equipment (UE)
 E-UTRAN - Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network.

13. LTE ARCHITECTURE
EVOLVED PACKET CORE
Evolved Packet Core
 an IP-Based core network system
 an always-on connection
Components of EPC:
 MME (Mobile Management Entity)
 S-GW (Serving Gateway)
 P-GW (Packet Data Network – PDN Gateway)
 HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
 PCRF (Policy Control & Charging Rule Function)

14. LTE ARCHITECTURE
EVOLVED PACKET CORE
Mobile Management Entity (MME)
 responsible for Establishment & Releasing of
connection between the user and packet core
network
 handles Mobility management like location
registration, authentication, handover with HSS.
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
 acts as Router, forward & receive data between
Wireless Base Station eNodeb or 3GPP access
networks such as 2G / 3G & the PDN Gateways
 for roaming, the S-GW & P-GW provides
boundaries between operators

15. LTE ARCHITECTURE
EVOLVED PACKET CORE
Packet Data Network – PDN Gateway (P-GW)
 communicates with outside world using SGi interface. Each
PDN is identified by an Access Point Name (APN).
 functions include IP Address Assignment to Terminals, User
Authentication, QoS (Quality of Service) Control, Charging
Data (as per PCRF),
 capable of Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) - Involves either to
Pass or Drop the User Data Packet.

16. LTE ARCHITECTURE
EVOLVED PACKET CORE
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
 Its like HLR (Home Location Register), Its a Central
Database, contains all information about all network
operator's subscriber.
Policy Control & Charging Rule Function (PCRF)
 responsible for Policy Control Decision Making.
 function as to either accept or reject data packets
 check the charging method from users & instruct
S/P-GW & Access Network to work accordingly.

17. LTE ARCHITECTURE
USER EQUIPMENT
User Equipment (UE)
Its the same as the mobile equipment used in UMTS
& GSM Network.
It contains following modules:
 Mobile Equipment (ME) - handles all Communication
functions.
 Terminal Equipment (TE) - terminates the Data
Stream.
 Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) - Also known
as SIM Card, which stores user specific data, like home
network identity, security keys, user's phone number.

18. LTE ARCHITECTURE
EVOLVED UMTS TERRESTRIAL RADIO ACCESS
NETWORK.
E-UTRAN (the Access Network)
 handles all the Radio Communications between
Mobile & EPC.
 provides Higher Data Rates, Lower Latency &
Specifically designed for Packet Data.
It has just one component Evolved Base Station
called eNodeB or eNB, which interfaces with UE.
Each eNB is a Base Station that controls mobiles in
one or more cells.

19. LTE ARCHITECTURE

20. MAJOR LTE RADIO TECHNOLOGIES
 Uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) for downlink
 Uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
(SC-FDMA) for uplink
 Uses Multi-input Multi-output(MIMO) for enhanced
throughput
 Reduced power consumption
 Higher RF power amplifier efficiency (less battery power
used by handsets)

21. ANTENNA TECHNIQUES

22. LTE VS UMTS
 Functional changes compared to the current UMTS
architecture