Chemical Vapour Deposition is a Chemical Synthesis route of Nanomaterials. Specially thin films like Graphene and Carbon NanoTubes are grown by this method.
Chemical Vapour Deposition is a Chemical Synthesis route of Nanomaterials. Specially thin films like Graphene and Carbon NanoTubes are grown by this method.
This to demonstrate the laser ablation of hard materials to form a thin film for optical sensors. The work was done at DIllard University , New Orleans LA by Professor Abdalla Darwish. any comment e-mail adarwish@bellsouth.net.
A key vacuum deposition technique for making highly homogenous and high-performance solid-state thin films and materials is Chemical vapor deposition. The types of CVD systems and their key applications would also be discussed in this presentation. It is a key bottom-up processing technique, widely used in graphene fabrication, also the fabrication of various oxides, nitrides is possible, with this technique.
This to demonstrate the laser ablation of hard materials to form a thin film for optical sensors. The work was done at DIllard University , New Orleans LA by Professor Abdalla Darwish. any comment e-mail adarwish@bellsouth.net.
A key vacuum deposition technique for making highly homogenous and high-performance solid-state thin films and materials is Chemical vapor deposition. The types of CVD systems and their key applications would also be discussed in this presentation. It is a key bottom-up processing technique, widely used in graphene fabrication, also the fabrication of various oxides, nitrides is possible, with this technique.
a brief presentation of increasing efficiency of refrigerants using nanotechnology. its main objective is to reduce other pollution effects produced due to refrigerants.
Nanophysics the physics of structures and artefacts with
dimensions in the nanometer range or of
phenomena occurring in nanoseconds. Nanoscience is the study of atoms, molecules and object whose size is of the nanometer scale (1-100nm).
The signal processing algorithms can be implemented on hardware using various strategies such as DSP processors and ASIC. This PPT compares and contrasts the two methods.
Keypad is a common interface with any microcontroller. This presentation gives details of keypad can be interfaced with 8051. The key pressed may be dispalyed on LCD/7 segment/LED displays.
This presentation is all about interfacing of a character LCD with 8051 micro-controller. It discusses various LCD commands, LCD pin description and a simple LCD working code in assembly for interfacing.
This presentation discusses the support for interrupts in 8051. The interrupt types, interrupts versus polling etc are discussed. The register formats of IE, IP register are discussed. The concept of priority among the interrupts is discussed.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
This presentation discusses the details of the I2C protocol and interfacing of EEPROM with 8051 based on I2C protocol. It also discusses the other applications of I2C protocol
This presentation is about brief introduction to Timers/Counters in Intel 8051. It discusses the registers involved and modes of programming timers in 8051
This presentation gives the details about the data types available in Embedded C. It also discusses the pros and cons of writing codes in C for 8051. Different example codes are considered.
This presentation discusses the hardware details of 8051 microcontroller, viz. the pin description, reset circuit, port architectures, oscillator circuit and machine cycle etc in 8051
This presentation discusses the internal architecture of Intel 8051. It discusses basic families of 8051, the programmer view, register sets and memory organiszation of 8051
This presentation gives a brief over view of Embedded Systems. It describes the common characteristics of Embedded systems, the design metrics, processor technologies and also summarizes differences between Microcontrollers and Microprocessors.
This presentation discusses the basics about how to realize logic functions using Static CMOS logic. This presentation discusses about how to realize a Boolean expression by drawing a Pull-up network and a pull-down network. It also briefs about the pass transistor logic and the concepts of weak and strong outputs.
Interconnects occupy upto 90% of the area in Reconfigurable Architectures and affect the speed and noise of the chip. This presentations gives briefs about interconnects, particularly in context of Reconfigurable Architecture (eg FPGAs)
This presentation gives an overview of FPGA devices. An FPGA is a device that contains a matrix of re-configurable gate array logic circuitry. When a FPGA is configured, the internal circuitry is connected in a way that creates a hardware implementation of the software application.
FPGA devices can deliver the performance and reliability of dedicated hardware circuitry.
Design and Implementation of a GPS based Personal Tracking SystemSudhanshu Janwadkar
Design and Implementation of a GPS based Personal Tracking System
Tracking based applications have been quite popular in recent times. Most of them have been limited to commercial applications such as vehicular tracking (e.g tracking of a train etc). However, not much work has been done towards design of a personal tracking system. Our Research work is an attempt to design such personal tracking system. In this paper, we have shared glimpses of our research work.
The objective of our research project is to design & develop a system which is capable of tracking and monitoring a person, object or any other asset of importance (called as target). The system uses GPS to determine the exact position of the target. The target is aided with a compact handheld device which consists of a GPS receiver and GSM modem. GPS receiver obtains location coordinates (viz. Latitude & Longitude) from GPS satellites. The location information in NMEA format is decoded, formatted and sent to control station, through a GSM modem. Due to use of Open CPU development platform, no external Microcontroller is required, with additional advantage of compact size product, reduced design & development time and reduced cost.
Thus, the proposed system is able to track the accurate location of target. This system finds applications in tracking old-age people, tracking animals in forest, tracking delivery of goods etc. Our final designed system is a small-size compact l.S"X3.7S" Tracker system with position accuracy error <30m (100 feet).
With advancement in CMOS technology, a lot of research has been done to develop various logic styles to improve the performance of logic circuits. D flip-flops (DFF) are fundamental building blocks in almost every sequential logic circuit. Hence, in sequential logic circuits, the overall performance of the circuit is affected by the performance of constituent DFFs. In recent years, the focus has been towards incorporating higher clock rates in a processor for better performance. To achieve high clock rates, fine granularity pipelining techniques are used, which implies that there are relatively a fewer levels of logic in each pipeline stage. A major consequence of this design trend is that the pipeline overhead has becoming more significant. The primary cause of pipeline overhead is the latency of the flip-flop or latch used to design the processor and the clock skew of the system. This calls out for the need of incorporating the logic functionality within the architecture of flip-flop. The new family of flip-flops are called Embedded Logic Flip Flops. In this Paper, we have reviewed various Flip-flop architectures which have been proposed so far. Our attempt is to do a qualitative analysis and comparison of the proposed Embedded logic flip-flop designs.
This presentation discusses the basics of Pass Transistor Logic, its advantages, limitation and finally implementation of Boolean functions/Combinational Logic circuits using Pass Transistor Logic.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process in
semiconductor fabrication that deposits thin
films on semiconductors
It is a process where a gaseous species reacts
on a solid surface or wafer and the reaction
that occurs produces a solid phase material
CVD- Chemical Vapour Deposition
3. CVD- Chemical Vapour Deposition - steps
1. The reacting gaseous species are
transported to the surface of the wafer
2. The gaseous species adsorb into the
surface of the wafer
3. The heterogeneous surface reaction
produces reaction products, which get
deposited on wafer
4. The residue gaseous reactants are
removed from the chamber containing
wafer
4. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
LPCVD is a CVD process carried out at around 10-
1000 Pa while standard atmospheric pressure is
101,325 Pa.
It can be used for the deposition of thin films on
semiconductors ranging from a few nanometers to
micrometers.
LPCVD is used to deposit a wide range of possible
film compositions such as polysilicon for gate
contacts, thick oxides used for isolation, doped
oxides for global planarization, nitrides and other
dielectrics.
5. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
Why LPCVD?
CVD is affected by two factors-
Mass transport velocity (depends on reactant
concentration, rate of diffusion of reactants etc)
Velocity of reaction on the surface
At atmospheric pressure CVD, the two velocities are
almost same
The Velocity of reaction is LOW and hence the
critical factor
Desirable: Mass Transport velocity be reduced so
that it becomes much lesser than velocity of reaction
6. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
Why LPCVD?
If the pressure is lowered from atmospheric
pressure to about 100 Pa, the rate of diffusion will
decrease by almost 1000 times. This means that the
velocity of mass transport will decrease meaning the
reactants can approach the surface of substrate
more closely and the deposited films show better
uniformity and homogeneity.
8. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
1. A quartz tube is placed in a spiral heater that starts
with tube pressure at very low pressure around 0.1 Pa.
2. The tube is then heated to the desired temperature
and the working gas is inserted into the tube at the
pressure between 10-1000 Pa.
3. The working gas consists of dilution gas and the
reactive gas that will react with the substrate and
create a solid phase material on the substrate.
4. This working gas reacts with the substrates and forms
the solid phase material and the excess material is
pumped out of the tube.
9. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
Advantages of LPCVD
Excellent uniformity of thickness and purity
High reliability
Better homogeneity of deposited layers
High reproducibility
10. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
Disadvantages of LPCVD
Lower deposition rates than APCVD
Higher temperatures needed for the process.
The excess material after the reaction has taken
place is more volatile. It can be harmful & needs to
be handled properly.
11. LPCVD- Low Pressure CVD
Applications
1. LPCVD is most successfully applied in deposition of
polysilicon thin films. These films are used for gate
contact and short interconnect lines. This is done using
compounds like SiH4 in the temperature range 600-660 ºC.
2. LPCVD can also be used for deposition of nitrides that are
used for encapsulation. This is done by adding compounds
like Silane at 700-900 °C.