Lossless compression is a data compression technique that reduces the size of a file without sacrificing any original data. It allows for an exact duplicate of the original file to be recreated. Common lossless compression techniques include run-length encoding and the Burrows-Wheeler transform. Run-length encoding replaces runs of identical characters with the character and number of repeats. The Burrows-Wheeler transform rearranges data to group similar characters together in order to compress more efficiently with run-length encoding.

1. Lossless Compression

2. Compression
the process of coding that will effectively reduce
the total number of bits needed to represent
certain information.

3. Lossless Compression
• data compression technique that reduces
the size of a file without sacrificing any
original data
 information from the file is still
there, nothing is deleted
 lets you recreate the original file exactly
• suitable for: text and computer code
• example: ZIP archiving technology
(WinZip & PKZIP)

4. Lossless Compression

5. Lossless Compression
pro. exact duplicate of the original file
con. compression ratio is not all that high
Compression ratio is the ratio of the size or rate of the
original data to the size or rate of the compressed data.

6. Lossless Compression
Principle of Lossless Compression Algorithms
any non-random file will contain duplicated
information that can be condensed using statistical
modeling techniques that determine the probability
of a character or phrase appearing

7. Hierarchy of Lossless Compression Algorithms

8. Lossless Compression
Techniques:
 Run-Length Encoding
 Burrows-Wheeler Transform

9. Run-Length Encoding
compression technique that replaces runs
of two or more of the same character with a
number which represents the length of the run,
followed by the original character; single
characters are coded as runs of 1.

10. Run-Length Encoding (cont’d)
Input:
AAABBCCCCDEEEEEEAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Output:
AAABBCCCCDEEEEEEAAAAAAAAAAAAA
3A2B4CD6E13A

11. Burrows-Wheeler Transform
o technique invented in 1994 that aims to
reversibly transform a block of input data such
that the amount of runs of identical characters is
maximized.
o does not perform any compression operations,
it simply transforms the input such that it can be
more efficiently coded by a Run-Length Encoder
or other secondary compression technique.

12. Burrows-Wheeler Transform (cont’d)
Algorithm
I. Create a string array.
II. Generate all possible rotations of the input
string, storing each in the array.
III. Sort the array alphabetically.
IV.Return the last column of the array

13. Burrows-Wheeler Transform (cont’d)
Alpha-Sorted
Input Rotations Output
Rotations
HAHAHA& AHAHA&H
&HAHAHA AHA&HAH
A&HAHAH A&HAHAH
HAHAHA& HA&HAHA HAHAHA& HHH&AAA
AHA&HAH HAHA&HA
HAHA&HA HA&HAHA
AHAHA&H &HAHAHA

14. Burrows-Wheeler Transform (cont’d)
Input:
HHH&AAA
Output:
HHH&AAA
3H&3A

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