Presented by Baltazary, C., Kinuthia, E., Baltenweck, I. and Omondi, I. (ILRI) at the 6th Tanzania Dairy Development Forum Meeting, Njombe, Tanzania, 29 May 2016
Cost of milk production in EADD hubs in East AfricaILRI
Presented by Baltenweck, I., Kinuthia, E., Lukuyu, B., Menjo, D., Atyang, S. and E. Kamanzi at the East Africa Dairy Development Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya, 07 May 2012
Poster by Isabelle Baltenweck, Emmanuel Kinuthia, Bernard Lukuyu, Dominic Menjo, Susan Atyang and Elisée Kamanzi presented at the 13th Biennial Scientific Conference of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Nairobi, Kenya, 22-26 October 2012.
Demonstration of dairy technologies in peri-urban areas of Nekemte, Bako and ...ILRI
Presented by Habtamu Abera (Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia) at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Cost of milk production in EADD hubs in East AfricaILRI
Presented by Baltenweck, I., Kinuthia, E., Lukuyu, B., Menjo, D., Atyang, S. and E. Kamanzi at the East Africa Dairy Development Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya, 07 May 2012
Poster by Isabelle Baltenweck, Emmanuel Kinuthia, Bernard Lukuyu, Dominic Menjo, Susan Atyang and Elisée Kamanzi presented at the 13th Biennial Scientific Conference of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Nairobi, Kenya, 22-26 October 2012.
Demonstration of dairy technologies in peri-urban areas of Nekemte, Bako and ...ILRI
Presented by Habtamu Abera (Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia) at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
current dairy scenario in Punjab India
Cattle farms Buffalo farms Subsidies Milk production livestock population milk utility government run projects sahiwal and indigenous cattle society PDDB progressive dairy farmers association national dairy development board feed resources feed utilisation
Developing the butter value chain in Ethiopia ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Azage Tegegne, Dirk Hoekstra, Samson Jemaneh, Kaleb Shiferaw and Aklilu Bogale at the 22 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28-30 August 2014
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Dairy farmers’ production systems worldwide need to be able to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment.Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should also be given the opportunity to add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers.
This Guide gives individual dairy farmers proactive guidance on how these objectives can be achieved on their farm. The Guide to good dairy farming practice has been written in a practical format for dairy farmers engaged in the production of milk from any dairy species. When adopted, it will support the production and marketing of safe, quality-assured milk and dairy products. The Guide focuses on the relationship between consumer safety and economic, social and environmental management at the farm level.
The Guide contains many individual practices that contribute to good dairy farming
practice, covering the key aspects of animal health, milk hygiene, nutrition, welfare, the
environment and socio-economic management.
These practices have been drawn from best practice guidelines and existing assurance
schemes around the world, and so individual practices will vary in their applicability to various dairying regions. They are not intended to be legally binding and readers are encouraged to select and implement those guidelines that are of relevance to their situation. As such, this Guide aims to provide a genuine framework for dairy farm assurance schemes to be developed globally, giving individual countries and dairy farmers the opportunity to develop schemes that are specific to their needs.
Sources of Inefficiency and Growth in Agricultual Output in Subsistence Agric...essp2
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI, Seventh International Conference on Ethiopian Economy, EEA Conference, June 26, 2010
There are many advantages of goat farming business. You can also raise goats along with your other livestock animals. Goats have been considered as poor man’s cow (mini cow) for the poor people because of it’s immense contribution in rural economy and national income. Goat products like milk and meat is not only nutritious and easily digestible food but also a great source of regular income for the poor, landless and marginal farmers. As goats are small sized animal , so they are easily maintained. Even they are easily maintained and cared by women and children.
For successful goat farming business, you need to do some common tasks such as feeding, milking and caring. These simple tasks do not require much equipment, capital, labour or hard work. The main advantages of starting goat farming business are described below.For starting and maintaining a profitable and successful business, you must have to make a proper and effective goat farming business plan and go according to the plan. Here we are shortly describing the necessary steps for starting goat farming business.
Dairy Industry of Sri Lanka - According to the perspective of an undergraduateSasith Nuwantha
Dairy sector/industry is one of the major contributing sector for Sri Lanka Livestock sector. This presentation provides a brief overview about the current status of Sri Lanka dairy industry and the potentials, constraints and suggestions to improve it according to the perspective of an undergraduate of a Sri Lankan university who are studying Livestock and avian sciences.
Broiler Farming Management Guide is designed to help Aviagen’s customers achieve optimum performance from their birds. While not intended to provide definitive information on every aspect of management, this manual does draw attention to important issues that if overlooked or inadequately addressed may depress flock performance. The objective of this manual is to provide management techniques that help growers achieve good overall bird performance from day one through to processing while promoting bird health and welfare.
Aviagen applies a balanced approach to genetic progress, concentrating on commercial traits such as growth rate, feed conversion ratio, livability and meat yield, while improving bird welfare in areas such as leg health, cardiovascular fitness and robustness.
Achieving the genetic potential of the birds depends on three key factors:
• Management to provide birds with their required environment.
• A dietary regimen that offers nutrients in the appropriate profile.
• Effective biosecurity and disease control programs.
These three sectors, environment, nutrition and health, are interdependent. A shortfall in anyone will bring negative consequences to the others and if any one of these elements is sub-optimal, broiler performance will suffer.In reality, the guidance of a manual such as this cannot wholly protect against performance variations that may occur for a wide variety of reasons. While every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information presented, Aviagen accepts no liability for the consequences of using this information for the management of chickens. Information presented in this manual combines data derived from internal research.
Agriculture is the backbone of the Nepalese national economy. The contribution of the agriculture sector to national GDP is 27.1% , while the contribution of the livestock sector to agricultural GDP (AGDP) is around 28%. Livestock is an integral and important component of the mixed farming system in Nepal. The sector not only contributes to the national GDP but also ensures the flow of money from urban to rural Nepal. The dairy sector not only provides household nutrition but also ensures the flow of money (Rs 60 million daily) from urban to rural Nepal .
Organized dairy development activities in Nepal began in 1952 with the establishment of a Yak cheese factory in Langtang of Rasuwa district under Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) assistance in 1953. In 1954, a Dairy Development Section was established under the Department of Agriculture (DoA) and also a small-scale milk processing plant was started in Tusal, a village inthe Kavre district. In 1955, a Dairy Development Commission was formed. The First Five Year Plan (1956-61) stressed the need to develop a modern dairy industry. Accordingly, in 1956, a Central Dairy Plant, with an average milk processing capacity of 500 litres/hour was established in Lainchaur, with financial assistance from New Zealand and technical assistance from FAO. Around the same time, a second mini milk processing plant was established at Kharipati, in the Bhaktapur district. The plant started processing milk and marketing activities in 1958. In the process, before 1960, two additional cheese factories were established under the DoA in the other two alpine districts of the country. In 1960, a Cheese Production and Supply Scheme was also established. The Dairy Development Commission was converted to the Dairy Development Board in 1962. To meet the growing demand for milk in Kathmandu, the Board was converted to Dairy Development Corporation (DDC) in 1969 .Dairy is the most important sub-sector in the livestock sector contributing 9% of the GDP and 63% of livestock gross domestic product (LGDP) and 9% of AGDP . There are more than 500,000 dairy farmers and 1700 dairy cooperatives involved in the dairy sector in the country, generating employment and income in rural Nepal. The investment in the dairy sector is about Rs 30,000 million and the sub-sector provides direct employment to 20 thousand persons .This sector holds billions of investments and also generates the same level of employment. The sustainability and the competitiveness of the entire sector solely depend on the efficiency of milk production, demand and supply and price policy.
Half of the total milk produced is self-consumed and/or retained by the producer farmers and the rest is traded at formal and informal sectors in the dairy industry, milk collection centres, milk cooperatives, sweetshops, local markets, neighbours, hotels and restaurants.
Dairying is recognized as a prestigious occupation among the other agricultural sub-sectors and is contributin
Analysis of milk production, butter marketing and household use of inputs in ...ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Kaleb Shiferaw, AzageTegegne and Dirk Hoekstra at Workshop on the 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), Vancouver, British Columbia, 28 July-2 August 2018
current dairy scenario in Punjab India
Cattle farms Buffalo farms Subsidies Milk production livestock population milk utility government run projects sahiwal and indigenous cattle society PDDB progressive dairy farmers association national dairy development board feed resources feed utilisation
Developing the butter value chain in Ethiopia ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Azage Tegegne, Dirk Hoekstra, Samson Jemaneh, Kaleb Shiferaw and Aklilu Bogale at the 22 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28-30 August 2014
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Dairy farmers’ production systems worldwide need to be able to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment.Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should also be given the opportunity to add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers.
This Guide gives individual dairy farmers proactive guidance on how these objectives can be achieved on their farm. The Guide to good dairy farming practice has been written in a practical format for dairy farmers engaged in the production of milk from any dairy species. When adopted, it will support the production and marketing of safe, quality-assured milk and dairy products. The Guide focuses on the relationship between consumer safety and economic, social and environmental management at the farm level.
The Guide contains many individual practices that contribute to good dairy farming
practice, covering the key aspects of animal health, milk hygiene, nutrition, welfare, the
environment and socio-economic management.
These practices have been drawn from best practice guidelines and existing assurance
schemes around the world, and so individual practices will vary in their applicability to various dairying regions. They are not intended to be legally binding and readers are encouraged to select and implement those guidelines that are of relevance to their situation. As such, this Guide aims to provide a genuine framework for dairy farm assurance schemes to be developed globally, giving individual countries and dairy farmers the opportunity to develop schemes that are specific to their needs.
Sources of Inefficiency and Growth in Agricultual Output in Subsistence Agric...essp2
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI, Seventh International Conference on Ethiopian Economy, EEA Conference, June 26, 2010
There are many advantages of goat farming business. You can also raise goats along with your other livestock animals. Goats have been considered as poor man’s cow (mini cow) for the poor people because of it’s immense contribution in rural economy and national income. Goat products like milk and meat is not only nutritious and easily digestible food but also a great source of regular income for the poor, landless and marginal farmers. As goats are small sized animal , so they are easily maintained. Even they are easily maintained and cared by women and children.
For successful goat farming business, you need to do some common tasks such as feeding, milking and caring. These simple tasks do not require much equipment, capital, labour or hard work. The main advantages of starting goat farming business are described below.For starting and maintaining a profitable and successful business, you must have to make a proper and effective goat farming business plan and go according to the plan. Here we are shortly describing the necessary steps for starting goat farming business.
Dairy Industry of Sri Lanka - According to the perspective of an undergraduateSasith Nuwantha
Dairy sector/industry is one of the major contributing sector for Sri Lanka Livestock sector. This presentation provides a brief overview about the current status of Sri Lanka dairy industry and the potentials, constraints and suggestions to improve it according to the perspective of an undergraduate of a Sri Lankan university who are studying Livestock and avian sciences.
Broiler Farming Management Guide is designed to help Aviagen’s customers achieve optimum performance from their birds. While not intended to provide definitive information on every aspect of management, this manual does draw attention to important issues that if overlooked or inadequately addressed may depress flock performance. The objective of this manual is to provide management techniques that help growers achieve good overall bird performance from day one through to processing while promoting bird health and welfare.
Aviagen applies a balanced approach to genetic progress, concentrating on commercial traits such as growth rate, feed conversion ratio, livability and meat yield, while improving bird welfare in areas such as leg health, cardiovascular fitness and robustness.
Achieving the genetic potential of the birds depends on three key factors:
• Management to provide birds with their required environment.
• A dietary regimen that offers nutrients in the appropriate profile.
• Effective biosecurity and disease control programs.
These three sectors, environment, nutrition and health, are interdependent. A shortfall in anyone will bring negative consequences to the others and if any one of these elements is sub-optimal, broiler performance will suffer.In reality, the guidance of a manual such as this cannot wholly protect against performance variations that may occur for a wide variety of reasons. While every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information presented, Aviagen accepts no liability for the consequences of using this information for the management of chickens. Information presented in this manual combines data derived from internal research.
Agriculture is the backbone of the Nepalese national economy. The contribution of the agriculture sector to national GDP is 27.1% , while the contribution of the livestock sector to agricultural GDP (AGDP) is around 28%. Livestock is an integral and important component of the mixed farming system in Nepal. The sector not only contributes to the national GDP but also ensures the flow of money from urban to rural Nepal. The dairy sector not only provides household nutrition but also ensures the flow of money (Rs 60 million daily) from urban to rural Nepal .
Organized dairy development activities in Nepal began in 1952 with the establishment of a Yak cheese factory in Langtang of Rasuwa district under Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) assistance in 1953. In 1954, a Dairy Development Section was established under the Department of Agriculture (DoA) and also a small-scale milk processing plant was started in Tusal, a village inthe Kavre district. In 1955, a Dairy Development Commission was formed. The First Five Year Plan (1956-61) stressed the need to develop a modern dairy industry. Accordingly, in 1956, a Central Dairy Plant, with an average milk processing capacity of 500 litres/hour was established in Lainchaur, with financial assistance from New Zealand and technical assistance from FAO. Around the same time, a second mini milk processing plant was established at Kharipati, in the Bhaktapur district. The plant started processing milk and marketing activities in 1958. In the process, before 1960, two additional cheese factories were established under the DoA in the other two alpine districts of the country. In 1960, a Cheese Production and Supply Scheme was also established. The Dairy Development Commission was converted to the Dairy Development Board in 1962. To meet the growing demand for milk in Kathmandu, the Board was converted to Dairy Development Corporation (DDC) in 1969 .Dairy is the most important sub-sector in the livestock sector contributing 9% of the GDP and 63% of livestock gross domestic product (LGDP) and 9% of AGDP . There are more than 500,000 dairy farmers and 1700 dairy cooperatives involved in the dairy sector in the country, generating employment and income in rural Nepal. The investment in the dairy sector is about Rs 30,000 million and the sub-sector provides direct employment to 20 thousand persons .This sector holds billions of investments and also generates the same level of employment. The sustainability and the competitiveness of the entire sector solely depend on the efficiency of milk production, demand and supply and price policy.
Half of the total milk produced is self-consumed and/or retained by the producer farmers and the rest is traded at formal and informal sectors in the dairy industry, milk collection centres, milk cooperatives, sweetshops, local markets, neighbours, hotels and restaurants.
Dairying is recognized as a prestigious occupation among the other agricultural sub-sectors and is contributin
Analysis of milk production, butter marketing and household use of inputs in ...ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Kaleb Shiferaw, AzageTegegne and Dirk Hoekstra at Workshop on the 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), Vancouver, British Columbia, 28 July-2 August 2018
To have at least two (and up to six) typical farms for each region.
The first farm is an average sized farm with an average management performance. The second farm is larger than the first one but also having an average management performance, to show economies of scale.
They represent major milk production systems, farms, milk produced in region
Application of the principles of Sustainable Intensification (SI) on smallhol...ILRI
Presented by G.J. Manyawu, P. Thorne, S. Moyo, A. Omore, B. Lukuyu, H. Katjiuongua, I. Wright and I. Chakoma at the 9th African Dairy Conference and Exhibition Harare, Zimbabwe, 24-26 September 2013
Milk consumption in Pakistan is 159 liters per person per year, which is among the highest in developing world (FAO). The demand for milk is increasing every year. Moreover, in big cities quality of milk is becoming a primary focus of the consumers. Currently, most of the milk (app. 80-85%) comes from small scale dairy farmers (herd sizer < 30 animals), however, a significant increase in medium and large dairy herds is observed in past decade. The increasing feed and other inputs prices are putting pressure on the dairy producers and a careful assessment of the cost of milk was required. The current survey was conducted in the district Lahore with the 5 different types of producers. We hope that outcomes of this project will be useful for the institutions and private sector to design strategies that will support farmers. We are hopeful that the dairy producers and technical service providers will also find these results interesting and will use them to design there KPIs and targets to improve efficiencies.
Potential application of lessons from dairy genetics into beef: Lessons from ...ILRI
Presented by Okeyo Mwai, Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu and Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes at the CTLGH-ACIAR Convening workshop, Nairobi, 30 September 2022
Ex-ante impact assessment in improving the dairy value chain in Tanzania: A s...ILRI
Presented by Kanar Hamza (UNE–Australia), Hikuepi Katjiuongua and Amos Omore (ILRI) at the Maziwa Zaidi Review and Planning Meeting, Bagamoyo, 23-25 September 2015
Presentation milk producers cooperative society bandarawela sunil gamage
This cooperative has been functioning since 1979 and has a membership of 462 farmers with an asset value of Rs 145 million. Annual milk production is around 800,000 liters
1. National level – stakeholder processes ongoing or coming soon
2. Donor collaboration – thematic priorities
affirmed by IADG meeting Sept 16-18
followed up by lead agency per theme
Efforts to improve the dairy industry in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by A. P. Njombe, Y. N. Msanga, N.R. Mbwambo and A. Temba at the Smallholder Dairy Value Chain in Tanzania Stakeholder Meeting, Morogoro, Tanzania, 9 March 2012
Assessing ex-ante impact of the complementary dairy improvement interventions...ILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta, Kidus Nigussie, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta and Barry Shapiro at the Annual Conference of Association of Agricultural Economists of South Africa (AEASA), South Africa, 8-10 October 2019
A milk marketing system for pastoralists of Kilosa district in Tanzania: mark...Premier Publishers
Despite a large diversity of livestock species in Tanzania, most livestock keepers are not commercial oriented. However, this paper analyzed commercial settings particularly the efficiency of a pastoral milk marketing system in Kilosa District and identifies strategies to improve milk marketing. A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect data using interview schedule, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Marketing margins, descriptive statistics and Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model were used as analytical tools. The findings show that pastoral milk marketing is not efficient but profitable. This signifies potential for increasing income for pastoralist if milk efficiency was improved. Net profit margins realized per liter were TZS 332.00(1 USD = TZS 1800.00), TZS 65.00 and TZS 141.00 by producers, small scale milk vendors and retailers, respectively. The market information flow was not transparent. The pastoral system had no defined standards, grades, or product differentiation in packaging thus signaling market inefficiency. Commercialization focusing on promotion of pastoral milk marketing, through introduction of community based extension services and village community banks, empowerment of small and medium scale processors, training on proper milking and milk handling need to be considered in the future intervention strategies.
The IFCN is a global dairy network of researchers, companies and other stakeholders who are active in the dairy chain.
The IFCN has a Dairy Research Center with 15 dairy researchers coordinating the network process + running dairy research activities.
The IFCN is independent from third parties and committed to truth, science and reliability of results.
Alternatives to improve field AI delivery system to enhance beef and dairy sy...ILRI
Presented by Asrat Tera at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Similar to East Africa Dairy Development in Tanzania—Cost of milk production (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
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East Africa Dairy Development in Tanzania—Cost of milk production
1. East Africa Dairy Development in Tanzania—Cost of milkproduction
Baltazary, C., Kinuthia, E., Baltenweck, I. and Omondi, I. (ILRI)
6th Tanzania Dairy Development Forum Meeting, Njombe, Tanzania, 29 May 2016
2. Presentation Outline
1. EADD Overview
2. Introduction
3. Methodology
4. Variables for computation of cost of milk production
5. Findings/results
6. Conclusion and recommendations
4. SOUTHERN HIGHLANDSSOUTHERN HIGHLANDS
MILK SHEDMILK SHED
• Total cattle = 1.35 mil (6%)
– Dairy herd = 86,982 (12%)
– Local herd = 1.26 mil (6%)
• Opportunity for breed
improvement
• Annual milk production =
538 mil L/year (27%)
• Households keeping
livestock = 295,547 (13%)
– Critical mass
EADD Project Area
5. Introduction cont’d
• Since the inception EADD II , there is inadequate
information regarding costs of milk production and
profitability of smallholder dairy enterprise in the project
sites
Survey Objectives
i. Assessing the cost of milk production and profitability of
dairy enterprise in the study areas
ii. Identifying cost components EADD II should target in
order to enhance profitability of the dairy farms in EADD
II project sites
6. Methodology
• From the project’s baseline sample, a random sample of 20
households per hub was drawn with additional of 10
households as replacement to cater for non-response
• A total of 217 households keeping cattle (irrespective of the
breed and scale of production) were surveyed in three
ClustersClusters POs/Hubs
Mbeya Kyimo (Faraja), Vwawa (Mviwambo), Ilembo (ISAIMA)
and Isange (Busokelo)
Njombe Igima (Mshikamano), Kichiwa (WAWAHANJO) and
Uwemba (Lukamo)
Iringa Igowole (MUDCO), Ifunda (Iringa) and Mtitu (Dabaga)
7. Variables forcomputation of Cost of Production
Revenues included in
calculations
Costs included in calculations
Scenario
1
1. Milk sales
2. Milk consumed by
households
3. Milk given to calves
and laborers
4. Sale of animals
5. Manure sales
Variable costs
Fixed costs
Milk given to calves and
laborers
Milk spoilage (defined as the
volume of milk rejected by the
buyer)
Scenario
2
1. Milk sales
2. Milk consumed by
households
3. Milk given to calves
and laborers
Variable costs
Fixed costs
Milk given to calves and
laborers
Milk spoilage
9. Cattle production systems and Breeds
Cluster Prod system DomBreed Av milkprod
(L/d/HH)
Mbeya Intensive Improved
(88%)
9.2*
Njombe Extensive Zebu (58%) 2.3*
Iringa Extensive Zebu (65%) 2.3*
* The average milk production volumes are figures from the
annual survey conducted between Nov – Dec 2015
10. Results/findings
Profit perliter(Tsh/L) from milk, cattle and manure
revenues combined across Clusters
Cluster Av Pr/L
Tsh
TR/L
(MaR+CR+MR)
TVC/L TFC/L Total Prod
cost/L
Profit/L
Mbeya 598 702 146 18 164 538
Njombe 657 747 390 52 442 305
Iringa 996 822 634 72 706 116
Overall
(SH)
750 757 390 47 437 320
MR= Milk Re ve nue , CR= Cattle sale s re ve nue , MaR= Manure sale s re ve nue and SH
= So uthe rn Hig hlands
11. Profit perlitre from milkrevenue only
(Tsh)
Cluster MilkRev/L Total Cost/L Profit/L
Mbeya 571 164 407
Njombe 654 442 212
Iringa 772 706 66
Overall (SH) 666 437 229
• There is a significant drop in average profit per litre
across all clusters when revenue was calculated from milk
sales only.
• This shows the contribution of other dairy components
(manure and sales of live animals) on the profitability of
12. Comparison of revenue, costs and
profits by systems of production
• Farmers in intensive system generated significantly higher
milk profit than those in extensive system (P>0.1)
• Farmers practicing extensive system were incurring
significantly higher cost per litre on milk given out, milk
consumed, variable costs, total costs and fixed costs
(P>0.01) than the farmers practicing intensive system of
production.
• Contrary to expectations the cost of hired labor, animal
health and extension costs per litre were higher in extensive
system than in intensive system.
16. • Mbeya cluster had the highest (4.8 litres) break even volume
of milk production per household per day as a result of low
average milk price per litre
• Similarly farmers under the intensive system have to
produce higher (4.5 litres) volume per day compared to their
counterparts who practice extensive system (2.6 litres) to
cover for the low average price per litre that farmers in
intensive system receive.
17. Conclusion
• Generally farmers in SH generate on average a profit of 320
Tsh per litre
• Hired labour, purchased feeds and animal health were the
major cost drivers of milk production in both the extensive
and intensive systems.
• In addition, milk spoilage contributed to revenue loss across
the three clusters.
• Farmers in intensive system have to produce more milk for
them to generate revenue enough to cover their production
costs.
18. Recommendations
• In order to increase production efficiency, EADD II will
continue facilitating farmers in the adoption of good animal
husbandry practices to reduce the major cost drivers.
• To realize bigger impact, EADD II is calling upon
development partners to invest on improvement of dairy
farming through facilitating market access, access to
improved breeds and linkages of POs with service providers
(financial institutions)