Presented by Jimmy Smith, Fiona Flintan, Jason Sircely, Cesar Patino, Mireille Ferrari and Susan MacMillan at the Joint XI International Rangeland Congress and XXIV International Grassland Congress, Nairobi, Kenya (virtual), 24–30 October 2021
for more, http://www.extension.org/69093 Changes in precipitation and temperature vary by region. In general the US is seeing more precipitation and the timing and intensity of precipitation is also changing. While global temperatures are increasing, it is the variability and intensity of temperatures that are of greatest consequence to animal agriculture.
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
This document discusses different housing systems for cattle and poultry. It provides considerations for cattle housing including location, exposure to sun, accessibility, water, flooring, labor, and space per cow. Types of cattle housing described are conventional barns, loose housing, and free range. Poultry housing types include brooder houses, grower houses, layer houses, and different systems like free range, semi-intensive, intensive, slatted floor, and cage systems. Environmental control houses are also discussed.
The document discusses technologies to improve livestock productivity in drylands. It describes challenges such as climate change, land degradation, and competition for resources. It then outlines several interventions including improved feeding systems using crop residues and balanced diets, alternative feed resources like cactus and fodder shrubs, and technologies for milking, yogurt processing, and cheese processing. Case studies from various countries demonstrate the benefits and adoption rates of these technologies.
Shelter management for cattle and buffaloes under different climatic conditionsJayashree Gogoi
Physical modification of the every environment is based on two concepts.
One is to protect the cows from the factors contributing to heat stress and other is by enhancing evaporative heat loss by the heat abatement system such as shades, fans, for misters and sprinklers are use to alleviate heat stress of high producing animals
Importance of livestock production from grasslands for national and local foo...ILRI
Presented by Iain A Wright, Polly Ericksen, Andrew Mude, Lance W. Robinson and Jason Sircely at the International Grassland Congress, New Delhi, 20-24 November 2015
Livestock production system for sustainable agricultural system course for natural resource management degree program.
Focuses on production system categorized by intensity and geography.
for more, http://www.extension.org/69093 Changes in precipitation and temperature vary by region. In general the US is seeing more precipitation and the timing and intensity of precipitation is also changing. While global temperatures are increasing, it is the variability and intensity of temperatures that are of greatest consequence to animal agriculture.
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
This document discusses different housing systems for cattle and poultry. It provides considerations for cattle housing including location, exposure to sun, accessibility, water, flooring, labor, and space per cow. Types of cattle housing described are conventional barns, loose housing, and free range. Poultry housing types include brooder houses, grower houses, layer houses, and different systems like free range, semi-intensive, intensive, slatted floor, and cage systems. Environmental control houses are also discussed.
The document discusses technologies to improve livestock productivity in drylands. It describes challenges such as climate change, land degradation, and competition for resources. It then outlines several interventions including improved feeding systems using crop residues and balanced diets, alternative feed resources like cactus and fodder shrubs, and technologies for milking, yogurt processing, and cheese processing. Case studies from various countries demonstrate the benefits and adoption rates of these technologies.
Shelter management for cattle and buffaloes under different climatic conditionsJayashree Gogoi
Physical modification of the every environment is based on two concepts.
One is to protect the cows from the factors contributing to heat stress and other is by enhancing evaporative heat loss by the heat abatement system such as shades, fans, for misters and sprinklers are use to alleviate heat stress of high producing animals
Importance of livestock production from grasslands for national and local foo...ILRI
Presented by Iain A Wright, Polly Ericksen, Andrew Mude, Lance W. Robinson and Jason Sircely at the International Grassland Congress, New Delhi, 20-24 November 2015
Livestock production system for sustainable agricultural system course for natural resource management degree program.
Focuses on production system categorized by intensity and geography.
This document summarizes a meeting about pastoralism held in Rome, Italy from June 26-29, 2018. It notes that there are approximately 200-500 million pastoralists worldwide who nomadically rear livestock in harsh environments and manage resources communally. Pastoralism provides food, fiber and cultural benefits but faces challenges like land insecurity and climate change impacts. The Pastoralist Knowledge Hub was created by FAO to bring pastoralist voices to global discussions and promote sustainable pastoralism through knowledge sharing, strengthening pastoral networks, and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
The female bovine reproductive system consists of two key organs in the head: the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus controls various body functions while the pituitary gland regulates reproduction. The reproductive tract includes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. The ovaries produce eggs and reproductive hormones, while the oviducts and uterus allow for fertilization and fetal development. The cervix protects the uterus and allows for breeding and birthing.
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of sheep and goats. It begins by describing the ruminant digestive system and how it processes different types of feeds. It then discusses the five essential nutrients required by sheep and goats: water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. For each nutrient, it provides details on sources, requirements, and factors that can affect requirements. The document emphasizes that nutrient requirements vary based on species, size, stage of production, production level, and other environmental factors. It concludes with steps for balancing rations to meet animal nutrient needs.
Poultry require nutrients including carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein and amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and water. A balanced diet typically consists of grains like corn or soybean meal for energy and protein, and supplements like limestone for minerals. Feeding programs should provide the right nutrients for different stages of growth and types of poultry. High quality feed is important to avoid nutritional deficiencies and ensure optimal growth and health.
The role of livestock in developing countries: Misperceptions, facts and cons...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Workshop on Extinction and Livestock: Moving to a Flourishing Food System for Wildlife, Farm Animals and Us, London, UK, 5-6 October 2017
Major economic traits of cattle and buffalopratee5
Selection and judging of the breeding stocks are the first and foremost steps to start with any breeding programme. For this, a no. of phenotypic and behavioral traits are taken into consideration. Breeding plans for cattle and buffalo should aim to meet the quantitative and qualitative demands of milk and meat in the country. From a practical standpoint, traits with a measurable or at least readily recognizable economic value are generally to be given the most emphasis.The economic traits are typically those that affect either the income obtained or the costs of production. So, a thorough understanding of economic traits of livestock is of utmost importance.
This document classifies livestock feed and forages into several categories: cultivated fodder including green/succulent, dry, and supplements/additives; natural vegetation including grasslands, pasture, and trees; concentrates that are rich in carbohydrates, protein, or both moderate; and roughages versus concentrates based on their crude fiber and nutrient content. It further categorizes roughages into maintenance type for cereal fodder and hay, production type for leguminous fodder and hay, and sustenance type for straw and stovers based on their digestible crude protein percentage.
Livestock production systems and animal land holding patternraoof pattoo
This document summarizes livestock production systems according to agro-climatic zones and land holding patterns. It categorizes livestock systems as solely livestock, mixed-farming, landless, grassland-based, and more. It also describes husbandry systems as intensive, semi-intensive, extensive, migratory and others. For small ruminants, it outlines migrating, semi-migrating and sedentary sheep production systems. Goat systems include extensive-nomadic, transhumant and sedentary. The document also summarizes land holding patterns in India and shows that dairying is dominated by small/marginal landholders and landless workers.
Breeding management for swine involves selecting breeds based on factors like prolificacy, growth ability, temperament, and disease resistance. Key factors in selecting breeding stock include litter size, strength, milking ability, and temperament. Common breeding systems are inbreeding, outbreeding, outcrossing, and crossbreeding between two breeds. Guidelines cover the normal reproduction cycle including age of puberty, breeding, gestation period, litter size, weaning, and farrowing interval. Management involves flushing sows before mating to improve physical condition and increase ovulation and litter size. Heat is detected through vulval changes, discharge, restlessness and immobility to back pressure.
Integrated crop livestock system for sustainable crop productionShantu Duttarganvi
The document discusses various components of integrated crop-livestock farming systems. It describes the key benefits as maintaining sustainable production without damaging resources, providing full family employment, and improving standards of living. It outlines different livestock that can be integrated like dairy, poultry, sheep, and goats. The summary discusses how integrating crops, fish, and poultry can yield higher returns than crops alone. Integrated farming systems have been shown to improve productivity, incomes, and employment compared to traditional single crop systems.
This document discusses feedstuffs and nutrition for large animals including swine, sheep, and goats. It defines feedstuffs and their primary functions of providing nutrients and energy. It describes the international feed identification system and the eight classes of feedstuffs. For each species, it discusses their water, energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin nutrition as well as common nutritional diseases and feeding management practices.
scientific housing system of farm animal for better productivityDrSapunii Hanah
Animal need shelter for better productivity, however, many a time farmers forgot the basic structure or point that would provide comfortable zone to their animals. in this slide we discus in length about the basic point require for the animal.
Effects of climate change on Livestock productionSabal Pokharel
Livestock production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The number of large, factory farms is increasing as smaller family farms decline. Factory farming practices produce high volumes of waste and emissions. Ruminant animals like cattle are significant methane emitters due to their digestive process. Deforestation to create new pastures also releases large amounts of carbon dioxide. To reduce these effects, options include increasing carbon sequestration through forest conservation, improving production efficiency, optimizing animal diets, and carefully managing manure storage.
Climate Smart Livestock Production, by Dr Adil Rasool ParayAdil Rasool Paray
Climate smart livestock production aims to sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, reduce greenhouse gases, and achieve food security. Livestock accounts for 40% of global agricultural GDP and emits about 12-18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. As the world population grows, demand for livestock products is projected to more than double by 2050. Climate change negatively impacts livestock through increased heat stress, changing feed availability, and disease emergence. Impacts include reduced intake, reproduction and immunity, posing challenges to global food security. Adaptation strategies are needed to ensure sustainable livestock production.
This document discusses animal nutrition and feeds. It defines nutrition as the utilization of food by the body's processes. The six main nutrients needed are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. Nutrients are utilized for maintenance, growth, production, reproduction, and health. The document also discusses the classifications of feeds as roughages, concentrates, and supplements. It provides examples of different feeds and explains feeding management at various life stages of animals such as calves, heifers, dry cows, and lactating cows.
Dr. Marty D. Matlock - Impacts of GMO Products on Food Security and TradeJohn Blue
Impacts of GMO Products on Food Security and Trade - Marty D. Matlock, PhD PE BCEE, Executive Director, Office for Sustainability, Area Director, Center for Agricultural and Rural Sustainability, Professor, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
This document summarizes a meeting about pastoralism held in Rome, Italy from June 26-29, 2018. It notes that there are approximately 200-500 million pastoralists worldwide who nomadically rear livestock in harsh environments and manage resources communally. Pastoralism provides food, fiber and cultural benefits but faces challenges like land insecurity and climate change impacts. The Pastoralist Knowledge Hub was created by FAO to bring pastoralist voices to global discussions and promote sustainable pastoralism through knowledge sharing, strengthening pastoral networks, and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
The female bovine reproductive system consists of two key organs in the head: the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus controls various body functions while the pituitary gland regulates reproduction. The reproductive tract includes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. The ovaries produce eggs and reproductive hormones, while the oviducts and uterus allow for fertilization and fetal development. The cervix protects the uterus and allows for breeding and birthing.
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of sheep and goats. It begins by describing the ruminant digestive system and how it processes different types of feeds. It then discusses the five essential nutrients required by sheep and goats: water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. For each nutrient, it provides details on sources, requirements, and factors that can affect requirements. The document emphasizes that nutrient requirements vary based on species, size, stage of production, production level, and other environmental factors. It concludes with steps for balancing rations to meet animal nutrient needs.
Poultry require nutrients including carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein and amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and water. A balanced diet typically consists of grains like corn or soybean meal for energy and protein, and supplements like limestone for minerals. Feeding programs should provide the right nutrients for different stages of growth and types of poultry. High quality feed is important to avoid nutritional deficiencies and ensure optimal growth and health.
The role of livestock in developing countries: Misperceptions, facts and cons...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Workshop on Extinction and Livestock: Moving to a Flourishing Food System for Wildlife, Farm Animals and Us, London, UK, 5-6 October 2017
Major economic traits of cattle and buffalopratee5
Selection and judging of the breeding stocks are the first and foremost steps to start with any breeding programme. For this, a no. of phenotypic and behavioral traits are taken into consideration. Breeding plans for cattle and buffalo should aim to meet the quantitative and qualitative demands of milk and meat in the country. From a practical standpoint, traits with a measurable or at least readily recognizable economic value are generally to be given the most emphasis.The economic traits are typically those that affect either the income obtained or the costs of production. So, a thorough understanding of economic traits of livestock is of utmost importance.
This document classifies livestock feed and forages into several categories: cultivated fodder including green/succulent, dry, and supplements/additives; natural vegetation including grasslands, pasture, and trees; concentrates that are rich in carbohydrates, protein, or both moderate; and roughages versus concentrates based on their crude fiber and nutrient content. It further categorizes roughages into maintenance type for cereal fodder and hay, production type for leguminous fodder and hay, and sustenance type for straw and stovers based on their digestible crude protein percentage.
Livestock production systems and animal land holding patternraoof pattoo
This document summarizes livestock production systems according to agro-climatic zones and land holding patterns. It categorizes livestock systems as solely livestock, mixed-farming, landless, grassland-based, and more. It also describes husbandry systems as intensive, semi-intensive, extensive, migratory and others. For small ruminants, it outlines migrating, semi-migrating and sedentary sheep production systems. Goat systems include extensive-nomadic, transhumant and sedentary. The document also summarizes land holding patterns in India and shows that dairying is dominated by small/marginal landholders and landless workers.
Breeding management for swine involves selecting breeds based on factors like prolificacy, growth ability, temperament, and disease resistance. Key factors in selecting breeding stock include litter size, strength, milking ability, and temperament. Common breeding systems are inbreeding, outbreeding, outcrossing, and crossbreeding between two breeds. Guidelines cover the normal reproduction cycle including age of puberty, breeding, gestation period, litter size, weaning, and farrowing interval. Management involves flushing sows before mating to improve physical condition and increase ovulation and litter size. Heat is detected through vulval changes, discharge, restlessness and immobility to back pressure.
Integrated crop livestock system for sustainable crop productionShantu Duttarganvi
The document discusses various components of integrated crop-livestock farming systems. It describes the key benefits as maintaining sustainable production without damaging resources, providing full family employment, and improving standards of living. It outlines different livestock that can be integrated like dairy, poultry, sheep, and goats. The summary discusses how integrating crops, fish, and poultry can yield higher returns than crops alone. Integrated farming systems have been shown to improve productivity, incomes, and employment compared to traditional single crop systems.
This document discusses feedstuffs and nutrition for large animals including swine, sheep, and goats. It defines feedstuffs and their primary functions of providing nutrients and energy. It describes the international feed identification system and the eight classes of feedstuffs. For each species, it discusses their water, energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin nutrition as well as common nutritional diseases and feeding management practices.
scientific housing system of farm animal for better productivityDrSapunii Hanah
Animal need shelter for better productivity, however, many a time farmers forgot the basic structure or point that would provide comfortable zone to their animals. in this slide we discus in length about the basic point require for the animal.
Effects of climate change on Livestock productionSabal Pokharel
Livestock production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The number of large, factory farms is increasing as smaller family farms decline. Factory farming practices produce high volumes of waste and emissions. Ruminant animals like cattle are significant methane emitters due to their digestive process. Deforestation to create new pastures also releases large amounts of carbon dioxide. To reduce these effects, options include increasing carbon sequestration through forest conservation, improving production efficiency, optimizing animal diets, and carefully managing manure storage.
Climate Smart Livestock Production, by Dr Adil Rasool ParayAdil Rasool Paray
Climate smart livestock production aims to sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, reduce greenhouse gases, and achieve food security. Livestock accounts for 40% of global agricultural GDP and emits about 12-18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. As the world population grows, demand for livestock products is projected to more than double by 2050. Climate change negatively impacts livestock through increased heat stress, changing feed availability, and disease emergence. Impacts include reduced intake, reproduction and immunity, posing challenges to global food security. Adaptation strategies are needed to ensure sustainable livestock production.
This document discusses animal nutrition and feeds. It defines nutrition as the utilization of food by the body's processes. The six main nutrients needed are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. Nutrients are utilized for maintenance, growth, production, reproduction, and health. The document also discusses the classifications of feeds as roughages, concentrates, and supplements. It provides examples of different feeds and explains feeding management at various life stages of animals such as calves, heifers, dry cows, and lactating cows.
Dr. Marty D. Matlock - Impacts of GMO Products on Food Security and TradeJohn Blue
Impacts of GMO Products on Food Security and Trade - Marty D. Matlock, PhD PE BCEE, Executive Director, Office for Sustainability, Area Director, Center for Agricultural and Rural Sustainability, Professor, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...ILRI
The document discusses the key roles of livestock in global agriculture and food systems, and makes recommendations to support sustainable agricultural development. It finds that livestock accounts for 1/3 of global agricultural production value and is a major user of land and water resources. By 2050, meat and milk production are projected to significantly increase to meet rising global demand. The document recommends context-specific strategies to integrate livestock sustainably, strengthen policy coherence, promote gender equality, improve disease surveillance, support smallholder mixed farms and pastoralism, and address challenges in intensive systems. The overall goal is to ensure food security and nutrition through more resource efficient, resilient and socially equitable livestock practices.
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...SIANI
A report by the CFS High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition. Presented by Delia Grace at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
Traditional and Indigenous foods for Food systems transformationFrancois Stepman
Presentation by Anna Lartey Professor of Nutrition.
Anna Lartey (PhD UC Davis); Sc.D. (h.c.McGill University)
Professor of Nutrition, Past President of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS 2013-2017)
at Webinar of 20 May 2021. Traditional and Indigenous Foods for Food Systems Transformation in Africa
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...Francois Stepman
A report by the CFS High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition
CFS 43rd Plenary Session
17 Octobre 2016
Wilfrid Legg HLPE Project Team Leader
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is UQuantifying mitigation potential in livestock systems and was made by Jacobo Arango from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).
Transforming rural livelihoods and landscapes: Sustainable improvements to in...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses approaches for sustainably improving rural livelihoods, food security, and the environment. It notes the challenges of feeding a growing global population while maintaining sustainability. Key points include:
- Integrated management approaches that increase smallholder productivity and resilience to climate change are needed.
- Governance and infrastructure support are important to provide smallholders access to markets and resources.
- Landscape approaches address complex interactions and require stakeholder involvement.
- Examples from CABI's work demonstrate improving nutrition through crop diversity and leveraging mobile technology to connect smallholders.
The future of sustainable livestock systems in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presented by Shirley Tarawali at the Expert dialogue: The future of sustainable agriculture. Let’s think about… livestock, German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), 28 June 2022
This document discusses sustainable agriculture. It defines sustainable agriculture as a form of agriculture that fulfills current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The document outlines the goals of sustainable agriculture as environmental health, economic efficiency, and social/economic equity. It also discusses problems with modern agriculture practices and differences between modern and sustainable agriculture. Finally, it provides dimensions for adapting to and mitigating climate change in agriculture, such as improved seeds/livestock, water use efficiency, pest management, and more.
This document provides an overview of ILRI and the livestock sector. It discusses:
(1) Facts about the growing livestock sector in developing countries, including rising meat consumption and economic opportunities;
(2) ILRI's mission, strategic objectives, and critical success factors to improve food security and reduce poverty through research on livestock;
(3) ILRI's role in the CGIAR Consortium's Livestock and Fish portfolio focusing on sustainable intensification, value chains, and policies; and
(4) Characteristics of ILRI including its integrated research teams, bioscience facilities, staff and resources.
How can Animal Biotechnology contribute to Agenda 2063, ST&I Strategy for Afr...ILRI
Animal biotechnology can help achieve development goals in Africa by increasing livestock productivity, improving animal health and resilience, and reducing environmental impacts. Key applications include developing disease-resistant animals, improving feed digestibility and reproduction, and selecting animals that produce less methane. Strengthening partnerships, regulatory systems, and Africa's own innovation capacities will be important to facilitate use of animal biotechnology for sustainable development.
ICRISAT Big ideas for partnership portfoliocropreg
1. Smallholder farmers in dryland regions rely mainly on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change is increasing the risks they face from more variable rainfall patterns.
2. The document proposes several "Big Ideas" to improve rural livelihoods and promote climate resilience in these regions. These include developing climate resilient communities, sustainably managing natural resources using proven models, and breeding new drought-tolerant varieties of dryland cereals and grain legumes.
3. One proven model discussed is the Bhoochetana program from India, which achieved major increases in crop yields and agricultural incomes through soil and water conservation practices, use of improved seeds and fertilizers, and farmer training.
Livestock research contributions to the SDGs—Starting with the End in Mind: R...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, ILRI Director General, at the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health 2017 Annual Meeting, Edinburgh, 26–29 September 2017
CIAT is a CGIAR research center focused on reducing hunger and poverty in the tropics through agricultural research. It faces the challenges of feeding a growing population with less land and water and a changing climate. CIAT conducts research to increase crop productivity, improve natural resource management, and inform policies, with a focus on beans, cassava, rice and forages. It works across Africa, Asia, and Latin America to deliver impacts at scale through partnerships.
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Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
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Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
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Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable development
1. Better lives through livestock
Ruminant livestock production systems and
imperatives for sustainable development
Jimmy Smith, Director General
With Fiona Flintan, Jason Sircely, Cesar Patino, Mireille Ferrari and Susan MacMillan
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Joint XI International Rangeland Congress and XXIV International Grassland Congress
24–30 October 2021
Nairobi, Kenya (virtual)
2. 2
Overview
Ruminant production systems
• Controversy
• Diversity
• Development opportunities
Rangeland systems
• Trends
• Threats
Three imperatives
• Embrace change
• Harness diversity
• Engage widely
5. 5
Diverse ruminant systems provide diverse benefits
meat, milk
fibre
hides
fertilizer
fuel
income
social
cultural
ecological
risk management
Source: FAO, 2018
6. 6
Essential for food and nutrition
Source: Hererro et al., 2013
Food quantity: Most food in LMICs—plant as
well as animal—is produced on small, mixed
crop-and-livestock farms
Ruminants raised on rangelands: Most red
meat in some developing countries (e.g. 90% in
Kenya)
Food quality: Milk and meat have essential
roles in nutrition, especially for the world’s
vulnerable populations
7. Environmental impacts and
opportunities
CLIMATE
Ruminant production produces
greenhouse gases and must be
addressed
Opportunities to ‘net off’ emissions
in rangelands through carbon
sequestration
Note: Huge variations occur in both emissions
and sequestration depending on life cycle
boundaries, accounting for GHG half-life, etc.
Emission intensity per unit of land area (tonnes CO2 eq per sq km)
WATER
Most water used to raise ruminants
on rangelands is ‘GREEN’ water
(rainfall) and is NOT ‘consumed’
Source: Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model, 2013
8. The scale and importance of ruminant systems’
contributions to livelihoods is often overlooked
• More than 1 billion people worldwide
gain their livelihoods from livestock
• Half of these depend on animals
for a multitude of benefits
• Over 200 million households
are located in rangelands
• Women head up two-thirds of the
crop-livestock households in rural areas
• Women who cannot own land
can own animals and manage
livestock businesses
9. 9
Ruminant production in rangelands offers opportunities
for One Health solutions
• Investments in rangelands offer win-win-
win One Health outcomes due to the
intimate relationships between
ruminants, people, wildlife and lands
• Grazing systems designed and managed
with pastoralists /ranchers minimize
threats to livestock, human and
environment health while restoring
rangelands to their productive potential
Source: ILRI, UNEP, 2020
12. 12
Rangelands
non rangeland
46%
livestock non arid
24%
livestock arid
21%
rangeland non livestock
9%
Million sq km
Total
terrestrial surface:
148.3 million sq km
Source: Rangelands Atlas, ILRI, 2021
Rangelands
Cover 80 million sq km
84% of which is used for livestock production
31 million sq km are too dry for crops
36 million sq km are used for integrated
crop-livestock , agro-pastoral systems, etc.
44% (34.8 million sq km)
are covered in grasslands (42 types)
Rangelands and their people offer
two major opportunities
yielding many co-benefits
Food production
Environmental stewardship
13. 13
Rangeland trends, 2000–2015
Productivity
• 73% remained stable
• 17% was improved
• 6% was reduced
Land cover and soil
• 99% remained stable
• 93% had stable soil organic carbon
14. 14
Rangeland threats
Fragmentation
Pressures to fragment rangelands for more intensive land uses (fencing, conversion to cropping, road/
infrastructure construction, urbanization, mining, etc.) threaten pastoral mobility around the world
Climate change (2000 to 2050)
• 12% of rangelands will lose >20% of their growing periods
• 16% will have maximum temperatures above 35oC
• 31% will surpass 1 or more of 3 climate thresholds
• 75% of livestock losses in drylands are caused by drought
Biodiversity losses
• Rangeland biodiversity losses are increasing due to climate change, cropland
expansion, fragmentation, infrastructural development and livestock grazing
Marginalization
• Many pastoralists suffer ecological, economic and political marginality
16. 16
Imperatives to mitigate threats and realize opportunities
Embrace change
• Respond to increased demand for milk and meat
• Address unsustainable practices
• Contribute to environmental solutions
Harness diversity
Use research with the end in mind to:
• Prioritize and target pathways for enduring and equitable development
• Solve major constraints (e.g. resilience, land use, forage scarcity, lack of markets)
Engage widely
• Beyond science/research with those (governments, development partners)
who will scale solutions
• Beyond livestock partners to those working to achieve wider development outcomes
17. 17
Pathways for enduring and equitable rangeland development
Distinguish two pathways:
• Where natural rangeland resources are more favourable
for food production, pursue opportunities to increase sustainable
livestock production and market engagement
• Where rangeland resources are less favourable for food production,
focus on supporting environmental stewardship
Note:
• Greater risk mitigation, resilience and adaptive capacity
are needed in all rangelands
• As circumstances evolve, a mosaic of rangeland
development pathways is likely to emerge
18. 18
Implement drought-risk financing to build resilience
Those who purchased
insurance:
- 36% drop in distress
sales of livestock
- 25% reduced
likelihood of having to
eat significantly
smaller meals
- 33% reduction in
dependence on food
aid
Taking to scale
IBLI:
• Kenya Livestock Insurance Program
(KLIP) social protection program
• Introduced in Ethiopia where
adoption has grown
• Humanitarian organizations
launched similar schemes in
eastern Ethiopia and Zambia
Drought risk financing solutions
• Scaling innovations in the
Intergovernmental Authority on
Development IGAD region and
beyond
Index-based
livestock insurance
(IBLI)
Insures livestock
assets
Based on satellite
weather data
At least 50 million pastoralists in SSA
vulnerable to shocks (eg drought)
Loss of life, economies and dependence on aid
Kenya lost USD 3.3 billion in the livestock sector
2008-11 because of drought
20. 20
Key messages
Rangelands are an essential part of complex and diverse
livestock production systems that are essential for development
Rangelands present many sustainable development opportunities
Rangelands face many threatening trends
To realize these opportunities and mitigate these threats:
• Embrace change
• Harness diversity
• Engage widely
Mario Herrero, M.; Havlík, P.; Valin, H.; Notenbaert, A.; Rufino, M.; Thornton, P.K.; Blummel, M.; Weiss, F.; Obersteiner, M. 2013. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems, PNAS.
UN Nutrition 2021
Ref: Preventing future pandemics xxxx
https://www.rangelandsdata.org/atlas
Kenya rangelands: https://www.kenyamarkets.org/good-pasture-production-key-to-quality-meat-from-rangelands/
Climate data: from Rangelands Atlas
Fragmentation data: Hobbs, N.T.; Galvin, K.A.; Stokes, C.J.; Lackett, J.M.; Ash, A.J.; Boone, R.B.; Reid, R.S.; Thornton, P.K. Fragmentation of rangelands: Implications for humans, animals, and landscapes, Global Environmental Change, 2008
Sayr, N.F.; McAllister, R.R.J.; Bestelmeyer, B.T.; Moritz, M.; and Turner, M.D. 2013. Earth Stewardship of rangelands: coping with ecological, economic, and political
Marginality, Earth Stewardship, https://geography.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/sayre-et-al-2013-rangelands-stewardship.pdf
Alkemade, R.; Reid, R.S.; van den Berg, M.; de Leeuw, J.; and Jeuken, M. 2013. Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems, PNAS