The document discusses opportunities for Tanzania's livestock sector and how increased investment can help realize its potential. Key points:
- Global demand for animal proteins is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries, creating opportunities for Tanzania.
- An analysis found that increased investment in dairy, red meat, and poultry could significantly increase supply and profits in those industries by 2031.
- Tanzania has large livestock populations but they are underutilized and productivity is low due to lack of investment. Increased processing capacity, genetic improvement programs, and policies are needed to transform the sector.
- Partnerships between the government, ILRI, and others are working on initiatives to develop value chains and improve productivity,
Towards a Zero Hunger, Nourish the Future Pledge for the Private SectorCesar Henrique Arrais
Presentation given by Dr. Lawrence Haddad, Executive Director, GAIN & Chair, Action Track 1, UN FSS, as part of the UN Pre-Summit on Food Systems, affiliated session "Towards a Zero Hunger, Nourish the Future Pledge For the Private Sector."
as part of the IFPRI-Egypt Seminar Series- funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Towards a Zero Hunger, Nourish the Future Pledge for the Private SectorCesar Henrique Arrais
Presentation given by Dr. Lawrence Haddad, Executive Director, GAIN & Chair, Action Track 1, UN FSS, as part of the UN Pre-Summit on Food Systems, affiliated session "Towards a Zero Hunger, Nourish the Future Pledge For the Private Sector."
as part of the IFPRI-Egypt Seminar Series- funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Smart investments in Africa’s livestock potential ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, ILRI, at the 7th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture: Innovations to Harness the Potential of African Animal Agriculture in a Globalizing World, Accra, Ghana, 29 July–2 August 2019
Demonstration of dairy technologies in peri-urban areas of Nekemte, Bako and ...ILRI
Presented by Habtamu Abera (Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia) at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
POULTRY AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/
POULTRY FARM FOR SALE
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/category/for-sale
POULTRY FARM BROILER RATES
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/category/poultry-rates
POULTRY FARM SELL AND BUY SUPPLIERS
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/category/suppliers
CONTACT US
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/contact
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the 16th Annual General Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Assessing ex-ante impact of the complementary dairy improvement interventions...ILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta, Kidus Nigussie, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta and Barry Shapiro at the Annual Conference of Association of Agricultural Economists of South Africa (AEASA), South Africa, 8-10 October 2019
Smart investments in Africa’s livestock potential ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, ILRI, at the 7th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture: Innovations to Harness the Potential of African Animal Agriculture in a Globalizing World, Accra, Ghana, 29 July–2 August 2019
Demonstration of dairy technologies in peri-urban areas of Nekemte, Bako and ...ILRI
Presented by Habtamu Abera (Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia) at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
POULTRY AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/
POULTRY FARM FOR SALE
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/category/for-sale
POULTRY FARM BROILER RATES
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/category/poultry-rates
POULTRY FARM SELL AND BUY SUPPLIERS
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/category/suppliers
CONTACT US
http://pakistanpoultryupdates.com/contact
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the 16th Annual General Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Assessing ex-ante impact of the complementary dairy improvement interventions...ILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta, Kidus Nigussie, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta and Barry Shapiro at the Annual Conference of Association of Agricultural Economists of South Africa (AEASA), South Africa, 8-10 October 2019
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Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
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Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
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Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
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In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Unleashing Tanzania’s livestock potential
1. Unleashing Tanzania’s livestock potential
Iain Wright, Deputy Director General-Research,
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya
Livestock Expo and National Milk Week
Arusha, Tanzania
30 May 2018
2. Overview
• The global livestock sector
• Opportunities and challenges for Tanzania
• How Tanzania can respond
• Required investments and returns from recent
livestock sector analysis
• Contributions by ILRI and partners
3. Five of the top ten global agricultural
commodities by value are animal source foods
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Rice, paddy Milk, whole
fresh cow
Meat, pig Maize Wheat Meat,
chicken
Meat, cattle Potatoes Eggs, hen, in
shell
Sugar cane
Global commodity values (USD)
(average values 2005-2014; animal source foods: USD 825 billion)
4. 0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
High growth in demand for livestock products in
developing countries – projections to 2030
2000 - 2030
4
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
Estimates of the % growth in demand for animal source foods in different World regions, comparing 2005 and 2030.
Estimates were developed using the IMPACT model, courtesy Dolapo Enahoro, ILRI.
Beef Pork
Poultry Milk
5. Demand for milk imports – growing fastest
in SSA
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
S.Asia SE. Asia SSA S.America High income
USD million
6. Livestock build global and national economies
• The livestock sector contributes an
average of 40% of the agricultural
GDP globally (livestock is 15-80% of
agricultural GDP in developing
countries)
• The market value of animal-source
foods in Africa in 2050 is estimated
at USD151 billion
• Livestock value chains provide
large numbers of jobs
Herrero et al. 2014
7. Agenda 2030’s Sustainable Development Goals
• Livestock contribute to all 17 of the SDGs and
directly to at least 8 of the goals.
8. Tanzania
• Opportunities and challenges
• How Tanzania can respond
• Required investments and returns from recent
livestock sector analysis
9. Livestock and development drivers in Tanzania
Trends and
contribution
• An important but
underutilized resource:
– Contributes 7% to GDP,
ranks fourth after crops
(12%)
– Over 50% of rural hh earn
income from livestock (22%
of hh income)
– Ownership by hhs: chickens
(86% ); cattle (35%); pigs
(9%) others (10%)
– Traditional breeds with low
productivity dominate
across species (98%)
10.
11. Unleashing the potential requires more investments
Tanzania livestock and its economy
• Third highest livestock numbers in Africa
contribute only 13% to ag GDP (7% of total
GDP)
• Tanzania cattle/dairy example:
– 28m cattle
– Dairy contributes 1.5% of total GDP
– 0.72 m improved dairy
– 2 billion litres/yr
– History of low private and public
investments, hence the Livestock Master
Plan developed by MALF and ILRI
Comparison with livestock economies elsewhere
• Kenya, livestock is 42% of ag GDP (12% to
total GDP)
• Kenya cattle/dairy example:
– 18m cattle
– Dairy contributes 8% to total GDP
– 4m improved dairy (Africa’s largest); 5
billion litres/yr
– Long history of private and public
investments (e.g., AI subsidy for 10 years
in the 70’s - 80’s
• Other African examples:
- Girinka in Rwanda: >10-fold increase in milk
production in 15 years; now now contributing
6% to GDP;
- 5m beef cattle in Botswana
13. LSA and LMP Background
Ministry Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MALF)
and the International Livestock Research Institute
(ILRI) used the Livestock Sector Investment and
Policy Toolkit (LSIPT) - bio-economical simulation
models - to assess the current state of livestock
development in Tanzania.
Model used to assess the potential impact over 15–
20 years of proposed combined technology and
policy interventions, referred to as the livestock
sector analysis (LSA).
Livestock Masterplan for 2017-22 developed
14. LSA Results: 3 Key Commodity Value Chains and Cross-
cutting Activities for Transformation
Analysis of the three major livestock
commodities which can potentially contribute to
economic growth through industrialization:
Dairy
Red meat (from cattle, sheep, and goats)
White meat (chicken & pigs)
All commodities showed positive returns to
investments and profitability
17. All Meat Scenario with Additional
Investment in Red and White Meat
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2016 2021 2026 2031
All meat
Demand Supply with current investment
Supply with additional investment
18. Currently (2015/16) there are 25 meat processing plants. There
is a need to construct additional meat processing plants to meet
the expected supply;
Extra capacity for 5000 sheep and 900 cattle per day
Red meat industries and relevant policies
19. Red meat industries and relevant policies.
Government implementation and oversight of
international sanitary standards to promote red
meat trade
Implementation of practical and affordable systems
of animal ID and traceability
Regulations to ensure food safety and animal
health through monitoring of abattoirs and disease
surveillance
20. Red meat product (Leather)
• Large animal population offers opportunities in processing of
hides and skins - 2.8 million hides and 2.1 million skins
annually.
• Only 40% of the installed capacity was used. Therefore
Tanzania have huge stock of raw materials for leather
industries, which will potentially contribute to sector and
economic growth.
• Utilisation of processing capacities and construction of two (2)
new semi-processing and finished leather products processing
plants in five years is recommended.
21. Milk Gap Projection and Investment
Scenario Results
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2016 2021 2026 2031
Milk
Demand Supply with current investment
Supply with additional investment
22. Milk industries and relevant policies
Investment in milk processing by the private sector
Now there are 74 dairy plants operating at 30% capacity which
produce mainly short shelf life products like pasteurized and
fermented milk, yoghurt, etc.
Investment Long Shelf Life dairy product processing needs to be
undertaken especially during the rainy season or flush periods of
high milk supply
The key policy changes needed are incentives to increase
investment in milk processing and milk quality standards
enforcement
23. Examples of ongoing ILRI and partner efforts
in Tanzania
Increasing Productivity
African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG)
African Dairy Genetic Gains (ADGG)
East Coast Fever – scaling out
vaccination
Value Chain Development
East Africa Dairy Development Project
MilkIT
Maziwa Zaidi (MoreMilk)
Policy
Livestock Masterplan
Dairy Development Forum
Sustainable Rangeland Management
Project
Environment
Greening Livestock
25. Example of acting together:
Tanzania Dairy Development Forum
• Acting together catalyze
innovation and transform
smallholder systems to
meet growing demand
• If we don’t act soon,
importers will.
Key actors
26. Sustainable Rangeland Management
Project
• Implemented by ILRI with the MOLF, National Land Use Planning
Commission, regional and district governments, local NGOs and
communities (funded by IFAD and Irish Aid).
• Scaling up joint village land use planning and mapping livestock
routes
27. • Trends show global and Africa’s
livestock industry is growing rapidly
• Significant opportunities exist for
Tanzania’s livestock sector
• More investments in research and
development are required to
address challenges and take
successes to scale
• Acting now, together and
coherently, Tanzania can unleash its
huge potential to become a leader
in livestock production in Africa
Key messages
28. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
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ILRI thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions
to the CGIAR system