Levels of Sociological Analysis|Social Structure|Macrosociology

Social Structure and Social Interaction
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 1
Chapter Overview
 Levels of Sociological Analysis
 The Macro sociological Perspective: Social
Structure
 The Micro sociological Perspective: Social
Interaction in Everyday Life
 The Need for Both Macrosociology and
Microsociology

• Macrosociology
–Large-Scale Features of Social Life
• Microsociology
–Focus on Social Interaction
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
2
Levels of Sociological
Analysis

• Sociological Significance of Social
Structure
– Guides Our Behavior
– Behavior Decided by Location in Social
Structure
• Culture
– Group’s Language, Beliefs, Values,
Behaviors, Gestures
– Material Objects
3
The Macrosociological
Perspective: Social Structure

• Need to Understand Social Locations
People Hold in Life
• Social Class Divides People by…
– Income
– Education
– Occupational Prestige
4
Perspective
Microsoft
Imagec

• Social Status
– Ascribed
– College graduate
– Achieved
– White female
– Status Symbols
– Wedding band
– Master Status
– Female astronaut
– Status Inconsistency
– College Grad living in poverty
5
Social Status
MicrosoftImage

• Roles - Behaviors, Obligations, Privileges
Attached to a Status
• Status vs. Role
– You Occupy a Status
– You Play a Role
6
Perspective

• Groups - People Who Regularly and
Consciously Interact
• Social Institutions - Means Developed by
Societies to Meet Basic Needs
7
Groups & Social
Institutions

Social Structure and Social InteractionCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
8

9
Pt.2

Comparing Functionalist and
Conflict Perspectives
• Functionalist
• No society is without social institutions
• Every society must meet its basic needs
– 5 Basic Needs
• Replacing Members
• Socializing New Members
• Producing and distributing goods & services
• Preserving Order
• Providing a Sense of Purpose
10

Comparing Functionalist and
Conflict Perspectives
• Conflict Perspective
• No society is without social institutions
• Powerful Groups control society’s
institutions
– Social institutions have a single purpose –
preserve the social order
– Preserve the wealth and powerful in their
privileged position
11

• Society - People Who Share and Culture
and Territory
• Society Evolved Through Stages:
– Hunting and Gathering
– Pastoral and Horticultural
– Agricultural
– Industrial
– Post-Industrial
12
Societies and Their
Transformations
MicrosoftImage

13

14

• Mechanical Solidarity
• Organic Solidarity
(Emile Durkheim)
15
What Holds Society
Together?
MicrosoftImage

16
Microsociological
Perspective:
Social Interaction in
Everyday Life

• Stereotypes
• Stigmatization
• Looking Glass Theory
17
Social Interaction
in Everyday Life
MicrosoftImage

18

• Stereotypes
• Personal Space
19
 Intimate
 Personal
 Social
 Public
Social Interaction
in Everyday Life

• Erving Goffman
– Dramaturgy
– Impression Management
– Front and Back Stages
– Role Conflict
– Role Strain Between and Within Roles
– Teamwork and Face-Saving Behavior
20
Dramaturgy:
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
MicrosoftImage

21

• The Study of How People Do
Things
• Background Assumptions
• Harold Garfinkle’s Experiments
22
Ethnomethodology:
Uncovering Background Assumptions
MicrosoftImage

• Definition of the Situation –
• Objective Reality vs. Subjective
Interpretation
• Social Interaction on the Internet
23
Social Construction
of Reality

Levels of Sociological Analysis|Social Structure|Macrosociology

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Levels of Sociological Analysis|Social Structure|Macrosociology