Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It examines how societies are organized and how people interact within groups. Some key founders of sociology include Saint-Simon, Comte, Spencer, Marx, and Durkheim. Sociology is related to other social sciences like economics, anthropology, history, psychology, and political science by examining overlapping topics involving human social behavior and interactions.

1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

2. Sociology : Latin word – socius means “ companion” or “associate” Logos –a greek word for “study”.

3. Definition: It is the study of association, group, society and social interaction.

4. cultural Anthropology Anthropology – the study of all aspects of human life and culture. Anthropology examines such topics as how people live, what they think

5. What they produce, and how they interact with their environments. Anthropologists try to understand the full range of human diversity as well as what all people share in common.

6. Anthropologists asks such basic questions as: When, where, and how did humans evolve?

7. How do people adapt to different environments?

8. How have societies developed and changed from the ancient past to the present?

9. Answers to these questions can help us understand what it means to be human. They can also help us to learn ways to meet the present-day needs of people all over the world and to plan how we might live in the future.

10. Essential characteristics of sociology 1. Neutral - ethically neutral and maintains a value-free position.

11. 2. It is concerned with the study of human social life.

12. 3. It is a science A systematic study of anything that can be examined, tested, and verified. DEFINE THE PROBLEM FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS PLAN AND DESIGN THE METHOD IMPLEMENT THE METHOD GATHERING OF DATA ANALYSIS OF THE DATA GATHERED MAKING OF A CONCLUSION PUBLISH THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY

13. The word science is derived from the Latin word scire , meaning “to know.” From its early beginnings, science has developed into one of the greatest and most influential fields of human endeavor. Today different branches of science investigate almost everything that can be observed or detected, and science as a whole shapes the way we understand the universe, our planet, ourselves, and other living

14. Importance of sociology 1. Factual information from research will better understand our society and other societies. -understanding Broad-minded Tolerant 2. Learn the application of scientific methods and techniques to our daily life problems. 3. It enables us to see the connection between our personal experiences and the social forces in the bigger social world daily which influences life.

15. 4 . It furnishes interested people and specialized sciences with principles and scientific data which they can use in their work. 5. It provides insights into the interrelationship of human beings within the group so that we may live in harmony with others. 6. The results of sociological investigations provide a better background for meeting and solving problems.

16. 7. The results of inquiry can help dispel popular myths, superstitions and stereotypes with accurate knowledge about human behavior and human societies. 8. It broadens our experience as we learn to discard our prejudices and biases as we become more understanding and tolerant of the customs of other people. 9. Results of sociological investigations are useful to government officials, community leaders, entrepreneurs, businessmen, etc.

17. AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 2. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 3. SOCIAL CHANGE 4. HUMAN ECOLOGY 5. POPULATION STUDIES 6. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND RESEARCH APPLIED SOCIOLOGY

18. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION * SOCIAL GROUPS * SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS * SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO LEVELS BASED ON WEALTH OR POWER

19. * MOBILITY 1. the ability to move about, especially to do work or take exercise 2. change to another social group: the ability of somebody to change from one social group or class to another. * ETHNIC RELATIONS

20. BUREAUCRACY The term is used mostly in referring to government administration, especially regarding officials in the federal government and civil service. It is often used derogatorily to suggest waste, inefficiency, and red tape.

21. Pioneers/forerunners of sociology 1. WROTE HIS IDEAS ABOUT SOCIETY BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE LAW OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR COULD BE DETERMINED IN THE MANNER THAT THE LAW OF NATURE HAD BEEN ARRIVED AT BY NATURAL SCIENTIST. HENRI SAINT-SIMON (1760-1825)

22. 2. A FRENCH PHILOSOPHER WHO ADVOCATED THE IDEA OF “POSITIVISM” OR THE USE OF EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION TO UNDERSTAND SOCIETY AND SOCIAL PHENOMENON. AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857)

23. 3. BRITISH PHILOSOPHER-SCIENTIST WHO ARGUED THE IDEA OF “POSITIVISM OR THE USE OF EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION TO UNDERSTAND SOCIETY AND SOCIAL PHENOMENON . HERBERT SPENCER – (1830-1903)

24. 4. A GERMAN PHILOSOPHER WHO BELIEVED THAT THE MISERY AND EXPLOITATION OF THE WORKING LOWER CLASSES IN SOCIETY WAS CAUSED BY CAPITALISM-THE EXISTING INDUSTRIAL ORDER. KARL MARX (1818-1883 )

25. 5. A FRENCH SOCIOLOGIST WHO FOCUSED ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUPS, PARTICULARLY THE COHESION OR NON- COHESION OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS. * STUDY SUICIDE EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917)

26. 6. A GERMAN ECONOMIST-LAWYER WHOSE WORKS DWELT ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUBJECTIVE MEANINGS PEOPLE GIVE TO THEIR MAX WEBER (1864-1920)

27. RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIOLOGY TO THE OTHER SCIENCES 1. SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS. A GREAT DEAL OF HUMAN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS ECONOMICALLY MOTIVATED. THE DESIRE FOE ECONOMIC GAINS AND POSSESSION OF MATERIAL WEALTH ARE STRONG MOTIVATING FORCES FOR HUMAN BEHAVIOR.

28. SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGY IS THE SCIENCE WHICH STUDIES MAN BOTH ANIMAL AND AS LIVING IN SOCIETY, HIS ORIGINS, DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION SOCIAL HABITS AND CULTURES .

29. SOCIOLOGY AND HISTORY SOCIOLOGY MAKES USE OF DATA AND PIECES OF INFORMATION THAT ARE PROVIDED BY HISTORIANS IN ORDER TO FORM CERTAIN GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT SOCIETY AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS.

30. SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY IS INTERESTED IN THE STUDY OF WHAT GOES ON “WITHIN” THE INDIVIDUAL, HIS INNER NEEDS, DRIVES, INTERESTS, INTELLIGENCE, MOTIVES, HOPES AND FEARS. SOCIOLOGY IS CONCERNED WITH THE STUDY OF “WHAT GOES ON AMONG AND BETWEEN” PEOPLE, HIS SOCIAL INTERACTIONS , SOCIAL STRUCTURE, VALUES, CUSTOMS, LAWS, MORALS, ETC.

31. SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE SOCIOLOGISTS ARE INTERESTED IN THE STUDY OF THE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS INVOLVED IN HUMAN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES, THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN THE SOCIETY, THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL DYNASTIES, AND THE ROLE OF WOMEN AND ETHNIC GROUPS IN POLITICAL EVENTS.

32. Angeliqu ea [email_address] Assignment Answer Questions in page 12 letter B from 1-7 exclude #3.