Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that focuses on the meanings that people impose on objects, events, and behaviors through social interaction. It analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings given by individuals, who behave based on their own interpretations rather than objective reality. The theory was pioneered by George Herbert Mead and developed further by Herbert Blumer, who outlined its three basic premises: that people act based on the meanings they ascribe to things, that meanings arise from social interaction, and are modified through interpretation. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes symbols, social construction of meaning, and the roles people play.

1. SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM
Prepared by: Joseph Argel G. Galang

2. Definitions
• The symbolic
interaction perspective,
also called symbolic
interactionism, is a
major framework of
sociological theory. This
perspective relies on
the symbolic meaning
that people develop
and rely upon in the
process of social
interaction.

3. Definitions
• Symbolic interaction
theory analyzes society by
addressing the subjective
meanings that people
impose on objects, events,
and behaviors. Subjective
meanings are given
primacy because it is
believe that people behave
based on what they
believe and not just on
what is objectively true.

4. Definitions
• Symbolic
interactionism looks
at individual and
group meaning-
making, focusing on
human action instead
of large-scale social
structures.

5. George Herbert Mead
• Pioneered the
development of
symbolic interaction
perspective
• He is the one who
argued that “people's
selves are social
products, but that
these selves are also
purposive and
creative.”

6. The Three Basic Premises
Herbert Blumer (1969) set out three basic
premises of the perspective:
• "Humans act toward things on the basis of the
meanings they ascribe to those things."
• "The meaning of such things is derived from,
or arises out of, the social interaction that one
has with others and the society."
• "These meanings are handled in, and modified
through, an interpretative process used by the
person in dealing with the things he/she
encounters."

7. The first premise:
"Humans act toward things on the basis of the meanings they
ascribe to those things."
• includes everything that a
human being may note in
their world, including
physical objects, actions
and concepts. Essentially,
individuals behave
towards objects and
others based on the
personal meanings that
the individuals has
already given these items.

8. The second premise:
"The meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the
social interaction that one has with others and the society."
• arises out of, the
social interaction that
one has with other
humans. People
interact with each
other by interpreting
or defining each
other's actions instead
of merely reacting to
each other's actions.

9. The third premise:
"These meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretative
process used by the person in dealing with the things he/she encounters."
• We naturally talk to
ourselves in order to sort
out the meaning of a
difficult situation. But
first, we need language.
Before we can think, we
must be able to interact
symbolically. emphasis on
symbols, negotiated
meaning, and social
construction of society
brought on attention to
the roles people play.

10. Key points:
• Symbolic interaction
has roots in
phenomenology, which
emphasizes the
subjective meaning of
reality.
• Symbolic
interactionism proposes
a social theory of the
self, or a looking glass
self.

11. Key points:
• Symbolic interactionists
study meaning and
communication; they
tend to use
qualitative methods.
• Symbolic
interactionism has been
criticized for failing to
take into account
large-scale macro social
structures and forces.

12. Example:
• Studies find that teenagers
are well informed about the
risks of tobacco, but they
also think that smoking is
cool, that they themselves
will be safe from harm, and
that smoking projects a
positive image to their
peers. So, the symbolic
meaning of smoking
overrides that actual facts
regarding smoking and risk.