This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Chemical reaction engineering introduction by Er sohel R sheikhEr Sohel R Sheikh
This document provides an introduction to chemical reaction engineering (CRE). CRE studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of reactors. It discusses various reactor types including batch, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), plug flow reactor (PFR), and packed bed reactor (PBR). The general mole balance equation is presented and applied to these different reactor configurations. Industries that rely heavily on CRE principles include chemical, pharmaceutical, and microelectronics.
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) studies chemical reaction rates and mechanisms and reactor design. It is important for many industries like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. The document discusses mole balance equations for batch reactors, continuously stirred-tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR). It also covers reaction rates and examples.
This document discusses the properties and design considerations of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), also known as back-mixed reactors. It outlines key characteristics of CSTRs such as perfect mixing, uniform conditions throughout the reactor, and identical properties at the inlet and outlet. Advantages include low cost and easy temperature control. Disadvantages are lower reaction rates due to diluted reactant concentrations compared to the inlet. Mass and energy balances are derived and used to determine the reactor volume required for a given conversion based on kinetic data and operating conditions. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving for reactor size and temperature based on specified conversions.
Numerical Analysis of Inlet Gas-Mixture Flow Rate Effects on Carbon Nanotube ...A Behzadmehr
The growth rate and uniformity of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) based on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
technique is investigated by using a numerical model. In this reactor, inlet gas mixture, including xylene as
carbon source and mixture of argon and hydrogen as carrier gas enters into a horizontal CVD reactor at
atmospheric pressure. Based on the gas phase and surface reactions, released carbon atoms are grown as CNTs on the iron catalysts at the reactor hot walls. The effect of inlet gas-mixture flow rate, on CNTs growth rate and its uniformity is discussed. In addition the velocity and temperature profile and also species concentrations throughout the reactor are presented.
This document presents a study examining the catalytic activity of stepped ruthenium and rhenium surfaces for steam reforming of methane. It develops a microkinetic model to predict the turnover frequency (TOF) as a function of key catalyst descriptors. Scaling laws are established using atomic oxygen and carbon binding energies as descriptors to predict intermediate species energies. A free energy diagram shows reactions 4 and 8 have high activation barriers, so the model assumes one is rate limiting. TOF volcano plots are created and show good agreement with rates calculated directly from catalyst data, correctly predicting Ru and Rh have high activity.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
The document is Martin Fleck's 2014 master's thesis submitted to the University of Heidelberg. It consists of two parts: 1) Commissioning a gas chromatograph to automatically measure gas compositions in the ALICE TPC and TRD detectors, and 2) Measuring electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions using the ALICE TRD. The thesis was supervised by Dr. Kai Schweda at the Physikalisches Institut Heidelberg.
Chemical reaction engineering introduction by Er sohel R sheikhEr Sohel R Sheikh
This document provides an introduction to chemical reaction engineering (CRE). CRE studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of reactors. It discusses various reactor types including batch, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), plug flow reactor (PFR), and packed bed reactor (PBR). The general mole balance equation is presented and applied to these different reactor configurations. Industries that rely heavily on CRE principles include chemical, pharmaceutical, and microelectronics.
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) studies chemical reaction rates and mechanisms and reactor design. It is important for many industries like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. The document discusses mole balance equations for batch reactors, continuously stirred-tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR). It also covers reaction rates and examples.
This document discusses the properties and design considerations of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), also known as back-mixed reactors. It outlines key characteristics of CSTRs such as perfect mixing, uniform conditions throughout the reactor, and identical properties at the inlet and outlet. Advantages include low cost and easy temperature control. Disadvantages are lower reaction rates due to diluted reactant concentrations compared to the inlet. Mass and energy balances are derived and used to determine the reactor volume required for a given conversion based on kinetic data and operating conditions. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving for reactor size and temperature based on specified conversions.
Numerical Analysis of Inlet Gas-Mixture Flow Rate Effects on Carbon Nanotube ...A Behzadmehr
The growth rate and uniformity of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) based on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
technique is investigated by using a numerical model. In this reactor, inlet gas mixture, including xylene as
carbon source and mixture of argon and hydrogen as carrier gas enters into a horizontal CVD reactor at
atmospheric pressure. Based on the gas phase and surface reactions, released carbon atoms are grown as CNTs on the iron catalysts at the reactor hot walls. The effect of inlet gas-mixture flow rate, on CNTs growth rate and its uniformity is discussed. In addition the velocity and temperature profile and also species concentrations throughout the reactor are presented.
This document presents a study examining the catalytic activity of stepped ruthenium and rhenium surfaces for steam reforming of methane. It develops a microkinetic model to predict the turnover frequency (TOF) as a function of key catalyst descriptors. Scaling laws are established using atomic oxygen and carbon binding energies as descriptors to predict intermediate species energies. A free energy diagram shows reactions 4 and 8 have high activation barriers, so the model assumes one is rate limiting. TOF volcano plots are created and show good agreement with rates calculated directly from catalyst data, correctly predicting Ru and Rh have high activity.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
The document is Martin Fleck's 2014 master's thesis submitted to the University of Heidelberg. It consists of two parts: 1) Commissioning a gas chromatograph to automatically measure gas compositions in the ALICE TPC and TRD detectors, and 2) Measuring electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions using the ALICE TRD. The thesis was supervised by Dr. Kai Schweda at the Physikalisches Institut Heidelberg.
Chemical reaction engineering studies reaction rates and reactor design. The key reactor types are batch, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), plug flow reactor (PFR), and packed bed reactor (PBR). The general mole balance equation can be applied to each reactor type to determine important relationships like: for a CSTR, the volume needed to reduce the inlet molar flow; for a batch reactor, the time to reduce moles of a reactant; for a PFR, the volume to reduce the inlet molar flow rate; and for a PBR, the catalyst weight to reduce the inlet molar flow rate.
Lecture 3 kinetics of homogeneous reactionsUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineeringThis slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document is a study guide for an Organic Chemistry II course covering the following topics:
- Distinguishing aromatic, antiaromatic, and non-aromatic species.
- Analyzing proton NMR spectra to determine aromatic character.
- Proposing mechanisms for bromination and other reactions.
- Representing and naming organic compounds.
- Predicting products and justifying reaction mechanisms through resonance and other effects.
This document discusses reaction rates and kinetics concepts including:
- Instantaneous reaction rates can be calculated from the slope of concentration-time graphs at specific points.
- Reaction orders and rate laws can be determined experimentally using methods like the initial rate method or integrated rate law method.
- First-order reactions follow the integrated rate law that the natural log of the concentration is linear with time. Second-order and zero-order reactions also have defining rate laws and kinetics equations.
The document discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) NMR. It provides information on why NMR is used, the types of information it can provide about compounds, and the physical properties of 1H and 13C nuclei that influence their NMR spectra. It also discusses factors that affect chemical shifts, common chemical shift ranges, coupling behaviors, and how to determine the number of signals expected for given compounds from their carbon environments. The document aims to explain the fundamentals and applications of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
This document discusses dynamic simulation of heterogeneous catalysis at the particle scale using COMSOL Multiphysics. It presents the governing equations for reaction and diffusion and describes how the mathematical model accounts for mass transfer and kinetics within catalyst pores and in the liquid medium. Simulation results show concentration profiles inside and around the catalyst particle over time and demonstrate how particle size affects reaction rate when catalyst loading is held constant. The model is able to determine different rate constants for reactions in the bulk liquid and inside catalyst pores by minimizing error between simulated and experimental conversion values.
Incorporation of Linear Scaling Relations into Automatic Mechanism Generation...Richard West
RMG-Cat is a software tool that automatically generates microkinetic mechanisms for heterogeneous catalysis based on input reactants and catalyst materials. It was developed based on the open-source Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) software, which was originally designed for combustion chemistry. RMG-Cat represents species as graphs and uses databases and estimation methods to predict thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. It proposes reactions by decomposing species into functional groups and applying reaction templates. As a proof of concept, RMG-Cat was able to rediscover a literature mechanism for methane oxidation on nickel catalysts within 5 minutes, as well as propose additional plausible reaction steps and intermediate species. This demonstrates the potential of RMG-Cat for the automated generation of predictive reaction mechanisms
This document discusses key concepts in chemical kinetics including:
- Reaction rates can be expressed as changes in reactant or product concentrations over time.
- Factors that influence reaction rates include concentration, physical state, and temperature. Higher concentrations, smaller particle sizes, and higher temperatures typically increase reaction rates.
- The rate law expresses reaction rate as a function of reactant concentrations and can reveal information about the reaction mechanism. It is determined experimentally by measuring initial rates under different conditions.
This document discusses kinetics and factors that affect reaction rates. It defines kinetics as how quickly reactions occur and the factors that influence reaction rates, such as temperature, concentration, and the presence of catalysts. Reaction rates are linked to reaction mechanisms - the step-by-step processes by which reactions take place. Increasing temperature leads to more collisions between reactant particles and faster reaction rates, as described by the Arrhenius equation. Catalysts lower the activation energy of reactions, speeding up reaction rates without being consumed.
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) studies chemical reaction rates and mechanisms and reactor design. It is important for process industries like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. CRE involves deriving and applying mole balance equations to different reactor types, including batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), plug flow (PFR), and packed bed (PBR) reactors. The general mole balance equation relates reaction rates and flows into and out of the reactor.
The document provides information about an upcoming exam for a general chemistry course. It includes details like the date, time, location, and topics to study. The reading assignment covers reaction mechanisms and includes topics like molecularity, rate laws, elementary steps, and examples of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions.
The Effect of Hydrodynamics on Riser Reactor Performance of the FCCUIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the effect of hydrodynamics on the performance of a riser reactor in a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results showed that the reaction rate increases with temperature. Increasing the pressure leads to higher velocities in the riser reactor. Maximum gasoline yields occurred at a gas oil inlet temperature of 600K, catalyst inlet temperature of 1100K, and steam inlet temperature of 400K, producing yields between 52-55%. Minimum coke yields occurred at a gas oil inlet of 300K, catalyst inlet of 800K, and steam inlet of 200K, producing yields between 1-2%.
27a febex dp collaboration overview and related sfwst r and d activities zhen...leann_mays
The document summarizes research from the FEBEX-DP collaboration studying the full-scale FEBEX bentonite experiment located in Grimsel, Switzerland. It discusses characterization of the bentonite following dismantling of heater #2, including changes to density, water content, mineralogy, and pore water chemistry. THM and THMC models were developed and validated against experimental data to analyze thermal-hydrological-mechanical and chemical processes. Microstructural analysis using synchrotron X-ray microCT provided 3D characterization of the bentonite microstructure. Further work is focused on refining chemical models, analyzing gas evolution and microbial activity, and characterizing the bentonite-concrete interface.
The document outlines how to use the Polymath software to solve various chemical reaction engineering problems involving reactors like CSTR, batch, and PFR. It provides examples of solving single and multiple reactions in these reactors, and discusses how Polymath can be used to determine profiles like conversion, yield, temperature, and flow rates. The document also covers how to account for pressure drop and heat effects when modeling reactions in PFRs.
The document discusses reaction kinetics and methods for determining reaction rates. It defines reaction rate and explains how to express reaction rates using concentration changes over time. It also discusses calculating reaction rates from experimental data and determining the rate laws and orders of reactions. Integrated rate laws that relate concentration to time for first-order reactions are also covered, including calculating rate constants and half-lives. The Arrhenius equation, which relates reaction rate to temperature, is introduced.
This document summarizes key concepts in chemical kinetics including:
1) Kinetics is the study of reaction rates and how the molecular mechanism influences the rate. Factors like temperature, concentration, and catalysts affect the reaction rate.
2) The rate of a reaction is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product over time. Rate laws relate the reaction rate to concentrations of reactants.
3) Integrated rate laws allow calculation of reactant/product concentration as a function of time for different reaction orders (zero, first, second order). Graphical methods using these relations can determine the reaction order and rate constant.
Introduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Kinetics..pdfANAYNALLELYLAPON
Introduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Kinetics is written primarily for a first course in chemical reaction engineering (CRE) for undergraduate students in chemical engineering. The purpose of the work is to provide students with a thorough introduction to the fundamental aspects of chemical reactor analysis and design. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a knowledge of chemical kinetics, and therefore the work has been divided into two inter-related parts: chemical kinetics and CRE. Included with this book is a CD-ROM containing computer software that can be used for numerical solutions to many of the examples and problems within the book. The work is primarily based on material given to undergraduate students in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Study On The Decomposition Of Methane Gas Into Hy...IOSR Journals
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of methane decomposition into hydrogen and solid carbon in a packed bed fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor. The study used CFD modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the reaction over time and space in the reactor. Results showed that increasing reaction time from 0 to 1000 seconds increased hydrogen production from 0 to 42 mol/dm3 and carbon production from 0 to 21 mol/dm3, while decreasing methane concentration from 50 to 29 mol/dm3, indicating decomposition was occurring. Carbon deposition on the catalyst was faster initially but slowed above 500 seconds. When catalyst deactivation was included, less hydrogen and carbon were produced compared to without deactivation, showing it
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of methane decomposition into hydrogen and solid carbon in a packed bed fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor. The study used CFD modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the decomposition reaction over time in the packed bed reactor. Results showed that increasing the reaction time from 0 to 1000 seconds increased the production of hydrogen from 0 to 42 mol/dm3 and carbon from 0 to 21 mol/dm3, while decreasing methane concentration from 50 to 29 mol/dm3, indicating that decomposition was occurring. Spatial profiles of velocity, concentration, pressure and permeability within the reactor were also determined and discussed.
The document discusses pneumatic and hydraulic conveyor systems. It introduces four presenters and states the purpose is to provide an introduction to pneumatic and hydraulic conveyors. It defines conveyor systems and describes how pneumatic conveyors use pressurized air to transport dry, free-flowing materials through pipes. There are three types of pneumatic systems and two classifications based on operating principles. Hydraulic conveyors use pressurized water to transport materials through pipes or troughs.
1) Pelletization is a process of agglomerating fine material using tumbling motion and a binding agent like water.
2) It has advantages like faster nutrient delivery and less dust production compared to compaction.
3) Common materials pelletized include chemicals, limestone, coal, and minerals using equipment like disc pelletizers.
Chemical reaction engineering studies reaction rates and reactor design. The key reactor types are batch, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), plug flow reactor (PFR), and packed bed reactor (PBR). The general mole balance equation can be applied to each reactor type to determine important relationships like: for a CSTR, the volume needed to reduce the inlet molar flow; for a batch reactor, the time to reduce moles of a reactant; for a PFR, the volume to reduce the inlet molar flow rate; and for a PBR, the catalyst weight to reduce the inlet molar flow rate.
Lecture 3 kinetics of homogeneous reactionsUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineeringThis slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document is a study guide for an Organic Chemistry II course covering the following topics:
- Distinguishing aromatic, antiaromatic, and non-aromatic species.
- Analyzing proton NMR spectra to determine aromatic character.
- Proposing mechanisms for bromination and other reactions.
- Representing and naming organic compounds.
- Predicting products and justifying reaction mechanisms through resonance and other effects.
This document discusses reaction rates and kinetics concepts including:
- Instantaneous reaction rates can be calculated from the slope of concentration-time graphs at specific points.
- Reaction orders and rate laws can be determined experimentally using methods like the initial rate method or integrated rate law method.
- First-order reactions follow the integrated rate law that the natural log of the concentration is linear with time. Second-order and zero-order reactions also have defining rate laws and kinetics equations.
The document discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) NMR. It provides information on why NMR is used, the types of information it can provide about compounds, and the physical properties of 1H and 13C nuclei that influence their NMR spectra. It also discusses factors that affect chemical shifts, common chemical shift ranges, coupling behaviors, and how to determine the number of signals expected for given compounds from their carbon environments. The document aims to explain the fundamentals and applications of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
This document discusses dynamic simulation of heterogeneous catalysis at the particle scale using COMSOL Multiphysics. It presents the governing equations for reaction and diffusion and describes how the mathematical model accounts for mass transfer and kinetics within catalyst pores and in the liquid medium. Simulation results show concentration profiles inside and around the catalyst particle over time and demonstrate how particle size affects reaction rate when catalyst loading is held constant. The model is able to determine different rate constants for reactions in the bulk liquid and inside catalyst pores by minimizing error between simulated and experimental conversion values.
Incorporation of Linear Scaling Relations into Automatic Mechanism Generation...Richard West
RMG-Cat is a software tool that automatically generates microkinetic mechanisms for heterogeneous catalysis based on input reactants and catalyst materials. It was developed based on the open-source Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) software, which was originally designed for combustion chemistry. RMG-Cat represents species as graphs and uses databases and estimation methods to predict thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. It proposes reactions by decomposing species into functional groups and applying reaction templates. As a proof of concept, RMG-Cat was able to rediscover a literature mechanism for methane oxidation on nickel catalysts within 5 minutes, as well as propose additional plausible reaction steps and intermediate species. This demonstrates the potential of RMG-Cat for the automated generation of predictive reaction mechanisms
This document discusses key concepts in chemical kinetics including:
- Reaction rates can be expressed as changes in reactant or product concentrations over time.
- Factors that influence reaction rates include concentration, physical state, and temperature. Higher concentrations, smaller particle sizes, and higher temperatures typically increase reaction rates.
- The rate law expresses reaction rate as a function of reactant concentrations and can reveal information about the reaction mechanism. It is determined experimentally by measuring initial rates under different conditions.
This document discusses kinetics and factors that affect reaction rates. It defines kinetics as how quickly reactions occur and the factors that influence reaction rates, such as temperature, concentration, and the presence of catalysts. Reaction rates are linked to reaction mechanisms - the step-by-step processes by which reactions take place. Increasing temperature leads to more collisions between reactant particles and faster reaction rates, as described by the Arrhenius equation. Catalysts lower the activation energy of reactions, speeding up reaction rates without being consumed.
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) studies chemical reaction rates and mechanisms and reactor design. It is important for process industries like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. CRE involves deriving and applying mole balance equations to different reactor types, including batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), plug flow (PFR), and packed bed (PBR) reactors. The general mole balance equation relates reaction rates and flows into and out of the reactor.
The document provides information about an upcoming exam for a general chemistry course. It includes details like the date, time, location, and topics to study. The reading assignment covers reaction mechanisms and includes topics like molecularity, rate laws, elementary steps, and examples of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions.
The Effect of Hydrodynamics on Riser Reactor Performance of the FCCUIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on the effect of hydrodynamics on the performance of a riser reactor in a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results showed that the reaction rate increases with temperature. Increasing the pressure leads to higher velocities in the riser reactor. Maximum gasoline yields occurred at a gas oil inlet temperature of 600K, catalyst inlet temperature of 1100K, and steam inlet temperature of 400K, producing yields between 52-55%. Minimum coke yields occurred at a gas oil inlet of 300K, catalyst inlet of 800K, and steam inlet of 200K, producing yields between 1-2%.
27a febex dp collaboration overview and related sfwst r and d activities zhen...leann_mays
The document summarizes research from the FEBEX-DP collaboration studying the full-scale FEBEX bentonite experiment located in Grimsel, Switzerland. It discusses characterization of the bentonite following dismantling of heater #2, including changes to density, water content, mineralogy, and pore water chemistry. THM and THMC models were developed and validated against experimental data to analyze thermal-hydrological-mechanical and chemical processes. Microstructural analysis using synchrotron X-ray microCT provided 3D characterization of the bentonite microstructure. Further work is focused on refining chemical models, analyzing gas evolution and microbial activity, and characterizing the bentonite-concrete interface.
The document outlines how to use the Polymath software to solve various chemical reaction engineering problems involving reactors like CSTR, batch, and PFR. It provides examples of solving single and multiple reactions in these reactors, and discusses how Polymath can be used to determine profiles like conversion, yield, temperature, and flow rates. The document also covers how to account for pressure drop and heat effects when modeling reactions in PFRs.
The document discusses reaction kinetics and methods for determining reaction rates. It defines reaction rate and explains how to express reaction rates using concentration changes over time. It also discusses calculating reaction rates from experimental data and determining the rate laws and orders of reactions. Integrated rate laws that relate concentration to time for first-order reactions are also covered, including calculating rate constants and half-lives. The Arrhenius equation, which relates reaction rate to temperature, is introduced.
This document summarizes key concepts in chemical kinetics including:
1) Kinetics is the study of reaction rates and how the molecular mechanism influences the rate. Factors like temperature, concentration, and catalysts affect the reaction rate.
2) The rate of a reaction is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product over time. Rate laws relate the reaction rate to concentrations of reactants.
3) Integrated rate laws allow calculation of reactant/product concentration as a function of time for different reaction orders (zero, first, second order). Graphical methods using these relations can determine the reaction order and rate constant.
Introduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Kinetics..pdfANAYNALLELYLAPON
Introduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Kinetics is written primarily for a first course in chemical reaction engineering (CRE) for undergraduate students in chemical engineering. The purpose of the work is to provide students with a thorough introduction to the fundamental aspects of chemical reactor analysis and design. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a knowledge of chemical kinetics, and therefore the work has been divided into two inter-related parts: chemical kinetics and CRE. Included with this book is a CD-ROM containing computer software that can be used for numerical solutions to many of the examples and problems within the book. The work is primarily based on material given to undergraduate students in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Study On The Decomposition Of Methane Gas Into Hy...IOSR Journals
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of methane decomposition into hydrogen and solid carbon in a packed bed fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor. The study used CFD modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the reaction over time and space in the reactor. Results showed that increasing reaction time from 0 to 1000 seconds increased hydrogen production from 0 to 42 mol/dm3 and carbon production from 0 to 21 mol/dm3, while decreasing methane concentration from 50 to 29 mol/dm3, indicating decomposition was occurring. Carbon deposition on the catalyst was faster initially but slowed above 500 seconds. When catalyst deactivation was included, less hydrogen and carbon were produced compared to without deactivation, showing it
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of methane decomposition into hydrogen and solid carbon in a packed bed fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor. The study used CFD modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the decomposition reaction over time in the packed bed reactor. Results showed that increasing the reaction time from 0 to 1000 seconds increased the production of hydrogen from 0 to 42 mol/dm3 and carbon from 0 to 21 mol/dm3, while decreasing methane concentration from 50 to 29 mol/dm3, indicating that decomposition was occurring. Spatial profiles of velocity, concentration, pressure and permeability within the reactor were also determined and discussed.
The document discusses pneumatic and hydraulic conveyor systems. It introduces four presenters and states the purpose is to provide an introduction to pneumatic and hydraulic conveyors. It defines conveyor systems and describes how pneumatic conveyors use pressurized air to transport dry, free-flowing materials through pipes. There are three types of pneumatic systems and two classifications based on operating principles. Hydraulic conveyors use pressurized water to transport materials through pipes or troughs.
1) Pelletization is a process of agglomerating fine material using tumbling motion and a binding agent like water.
2) It has advantages like faster nutrient delivery and less dust production compared to compaction.
3) Common materials pelletized include chemicals, limestone, coal, and minerals using equipment like disc pelletizers.
This document discusses particle size distribution (PSD), including defining PSD, the significance of PSD, sampling and measurement techniques like sieve analysis and sedimentation methods, and graphical representation of PSD using histograms. Particle size and shape are first defined to understand PSD. Sieve analysis separates particles by size but is limited to larger particles, while sedimentation methods produce fractional analysis for finer particles below 100 μm.
This document discusses different types of fluids and flow patterns. It defines fluids as anything that can flow and has no definite shape. There are two main types of fluids - liquids and gases. Flow is defined as the quantity of fluid passing a point over time. Viscosity measures a fluid's resistance to flow and depends on factors like temperature. Common flow patterns include steady or unsteady, turbulent, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and streamline. Agitated vessels use impellers and baffles to induce specific flow patterns important for processes like mixing and homogenization.
The document discusses cyclonic separators and hydrocyclones. Cyclonic separators use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from gas streams. Gas enters tangentially and spins rapidly, forcing particles outward against the wall to fall into a collection hopper while clean gas exits through the center. Hydrocyclones separate particles in liquid suspensions based on density and size differences, with denser/coarser particles exiting the bottom and lighter/finer through the top. Both devices have various industrial uses like dust collection and mineral processing.
A slide with a complete description of Belt and Conveyors. I hope after reading this presentation a reader can completely understand the mechanism of belts and conveyors.
The document discusses three types of ideal reactors: batch flow reactors, plug flow reactors, and mixed flow reactors. It provides details on each type, including that batch flow reactors have uniform composition everywhere that changes over time, plug flow reactors have fluid passing through with no mixing, and mixed flow reactors have feed uniformly mixed and same composition everywhere within and at the exit. It also notes these three ideals are relatively easy to treat and represent best ways to contact reactants.
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
This document discusses reaction rates for different phase systems in chemical reactions. It defines reaction rate as the rate at which a chemical loses its identity per unit time and volume. The symbol used for reaction rate is ri. Reaction rates are calculated differently depending on the phase system. For a fluid-solid system, the rate is calculated based on the mass of solid (ri*). For a gas-solid system on a unit surface area, it is calculated based on the surface area (ri**). If considering a gas-solid system based on the volume of solid, it is calculated using the volume of solid (ri***). Finally, the reaction rate can be calculated based on the volume of the entire reactor (ri****). The different definitions of
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Difference between batch,mixed flow & plug-flow reactorUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Catalyst activation involves using a substance called a promotor or activator to increase the activity of a catalyst. This allows reactions to proceed faster and at lower temperatures. Some examples given include using copper and tellurium to increase the activity of nickel in hydrogenating vegetable oil, and adding aluminum oxide or chromium oxide to increase the activity of iron in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis. Catalyst activity can also be increased or auto-catalyst activated by products formed in the reaction itself, such as nitrous acid increasing the rate of a copper-nitric acid reaction. Modifying the catalyst material or process conditions such as temperature, pressure or flow rate can enhance catalyst activation for industrial processes where high yields and short time
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2. 2 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Kjemisk reaksjonsteknikk
Chemical Reaction Engineering
H. Scott Fogler: Elements of Chemical Engineering
www.engin.umich.edu/~cre
University of Michigan, USA
Time plan:
Week 34-47, Tuesday: 08:15-10:00
Thursday: 11:15:13:00
Problem solving: Tuseday:16:15-17:00
4. 4 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that
studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions
and the design of the reactors in which they take place.
Kjemisk reaksjonsteknikk
Chemical Reaction Engineering
5. 5 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Lecture notes will be published on It’s
learning after the lecture
(Pensumliste ligger på It’s learning
Deles ut på de første forelesningene)
Øvingsopplegget ligger på It’s learning
Deles ut på de første forelesningene
18. 18 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Chemical kinetics and reactor design
are at the heart of
producing almost all industrial chemicals
It is primary a knowledge of
chemical kinetics and reactor design that
distinguishes
the chemical engineer from other
engineers
20. 20 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Reaction Engineering
41 (9/10, 11/10) 8.1 - 8.2 (JPA) Reaktorberegninger for ikke-isoterme systemer.
42 (16/10, 18/10) 8.3 – 8.5 (JPA) Energibalanser, stasjonær drift. Omsetning ved
likevekt. Optimal fødetemperatur.
43 (23/10, 25/10) 8.6 - 8.7 (JPA) CSTR med varmeeffekter og flere løsninger ved
stasjonær drift, ustabilitet.
44 (30/10, 1/11) 11 (JPA) Masseoverføring, ytre diffusjonseffekter i
heterogene systemer.
45 (6/11, 8/11) 11 (JPA) Fylte reaktorer (packed beds). Kjernemodellen
(shrinking core). Oppløsning av partikler og
regenerering av katalysator.
46 (13/11, 15/11) 12.1-12.4 (JPA) Diffusjon og reaksjon i katalysatorpartikler,
Thieles modul, effektivitetsfaktor.
47 (20/11,22/11) 12.5-12.8 (JPA) Masseoverføring og reaksjon i flerfasereaktorer.
Oppsummering.
50 (Mandag 13/12) Eksamen, kl 0900-1300.
21. 21 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Chemical Identity and reaction
A chemical species is said to have reacted when it
has lost its chemical identity. There are three ways
for a species to loose its identity:
1. Decomposition CH3CH3 H2 + H2C=CH2
2. Combination N2 + O2 2 NO
3. Isomerization C2H5CH=CH2 CH2=C(CH3)2
21
22. 22 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a species
looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
The rate of a reaction (mol/dm3
/s) can be
expressed as either:
The rate of Disappearance of reactant: -rA
or as
The rate of Formation (Generation) of product: rP
22
23. 23 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization
A B
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit
volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit
volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit
volume
23
24. 24 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Reaction Rate
For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is
the rate of disappearance of species A on a per
mass of catalyst basis. (mol/gcat/s)
NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction
24
25. 25 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
1.rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm3
s]
2.rj is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
3. rj is independent of the type of reaction system
(batch, plug flow, etc.)
4.rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential
equation
(e.g. = -rA = kCA or -rA = kCA
2
)
25
31. 31 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
dt =
dNA
rAV
Integrating
Time necessary to reduce number of moles of A from NA0 to NA.
when t = 0 NA=NA0
t = t NA=NA
∫ −
=
A
A
N
N A
A
Vr
dN
t
0
31
40. 40 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
dFA
dW
= ′rA
Rearrange:
PBR catalyst weight necessary to reduce the entering molar flow
rate FA0 to molar flow rate FA.
∫ ′
=
A
A
F
F A
A
r
dF
W
0
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:
40
41. 41 - 02/16/19
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
Reactor Differential Algebraic Integral
V=
FA0 −FA
−rA
CSTR
Vr
dt
dN
A
A
=
0
∫=
A
A
N
N A
A
Vr
dN
tBatch
NA
t
dFA
dV
=rA ∫=
A
A
F
F A
A
dr
dF
V
0
PFR
FA
V
41