The document outlines how to use the Polymath software to solve various chemical reaction engineering problems involving reactors like CSTR, batch, and PFR. It provides examples of solving single and multiple reactions in these reactors, and discusses how Polymath can be used to determine profiles like conversion, yield, temperature, and flow rates. The document also covers how to account for pressure drop and heat effects when modeling reactions in PFRs.
This presentation discusses the various uses of chemical kinetics involved in the unit processes involved in most of the industries these days. I have discussed all the basics and also included 4 examples with detailed description.
Design of a self tuning regulator for temperature control of a polymerization...ISA Interchange
The temperature control of a polymerization reactor described by Chylla and Haase, a control engineering benchmark problem, is used to illustrate the potential of adaptive control design by employing a self-tuning regulator concept. In the benchmark scenario, the operation of the reactor must be guaranteed under various disturbing influences, e.g., changing ambient temperatures or impurity of the monomer. The conventional cascade control provides a robust operation, but often lacks in control performance concerning the required strict temperature tolerances. The self-tuning control concept presented in this contribution solves the problem. This design calculates a trajectory for the cooling jacket temperature in order to follow a predefined trajectory of the reactor temperature. The reaction heat and the heat transfer coefficient in the energy balance are estimated online by using an unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Two simple physically motivated relations are employed, which allow the non-delayed estimation of both quantities. Simulation results under model uncertainties show the effectiveness of the self-tuning control concept.
This presentation discusses the various uses of chemical kinetics involved in the unit processes involved in most of the industries these days. I have discussed all the basics and also included 4 examples with detailed description.
Design of a self tuning regulator for temperature control of a polymerization...ISA Interchange
The temperature control of a polymerization reactor described by Chylla and Haase, a control engineering benchmark problem, is used to illustrate the potential of adaptive control design by employing a self-tuning regulator concept. In the benchmark scenario, the operation of the reactor must be guaranteed under various disturbing influences, e.g., changing ambient temperatures or impurity of the monomer. The conventional cascade control provides a robust operation, but often lacks in control performance concerning the required strict temperature tolerances. The self-tuning control concept presented in this contribution solves the problem. This design calculates a trajectory for the cooling jacket temperature in order to follow a predefined trajectory of the reactor temperature. The reaction heat and the heat transfer coefficient in the energy balance are estimated online by using an unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Two simple physically motivated relations are employed, which allow the non-delayed estimation of both quantities. Simulation results under model uncertainties show the effectiveness of the self-tuning control concept.
1. Study of speed with which a chemical reaction occurs and the factors affecting that speed
2. Provides information about the feasibility of a chemical reaction
3. Provides information about the time it takes for a chemical reaction to occur
4. Provides information about the series of elementary steps which lead to the formation of product
1. Study of speed with which a chemical reaction occurs and the factors affecting that speed
2. Provides information about the feasibility of a chemical reaction
Provides information about the time it takes for a chemical reaction to occur
3. Provides information about the series of elementary steps which lead to the formation of product
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
In this work, dynamic simulation of reaction kinetics at particle scale using COMSOL Multiphysics is carried out. It was observed that the reaction rate and kinetics inside the pores of the catalyst is of higher magnitude as compared to bulk of the liquid. When the reactant mixture is mixed with solid catalyst particles it becomes a uniform particulate-liquid suspension at sufficiently high mixing speed in a batch reactor. Keeping this as hypothesis for the determination of kinetics where each solid catalyst particle is surrounded by reactant mixture which is of equal volume for all the catalyst particles, a dynamic simulation is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics which has solver for diffusion-reaction equation for both in liquid phase and inside particle. The intrinsic reaction rate constants for bulk liquid phase and the particle are obtained by solving the diffusion-reaction equation and optimization method. The model prediction of overall kinetics is presented.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
1. Study of speed with which a chemical reaction occurs and the factors affecting that speed
2. Provides information about the feasibility of a chemical reaction
3. Provides information about the time it takes for a chemical reaction to occur
4. Provides information about the series of elementary steps which lead to the formation of product
1. Study of speed with which a chemical reaction occurs and the factors affecting that speed
2. Provides information about the feasibility of a chemical reaction
Provides information about the time it takes for a chemical reaction to occur
3. Provides information about the series of elementary steps which lead to the formation of product
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
In this work, dynamic simulation of reaction kinetics at particle scale using COMSOL Multiphysics is carried out. It was observed that the reaction rate and kinetics inside the pores of the catalyst is of higher magnitude as compared to bulk of the liquid. When the reactant mixture is mixed with solid catalyst particles it becomes a uniform particulate-liquid suspension at sufficiently high mixing speed in a batch reactor. Keeping this as hypothesis for the determination of kinetics where each solid catalyst particle is surrounded by reactant mixture which is of equal volume for all the catalyst particles, a dynamic simulation is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics which has solver for diffusion-reaction equation for both in liquid phase and inside particle. The intrinsic reaction rate constants for bulk liquid phase and the particle are obtained by solving the diffusion-reaction equation and optimization method. The model prediction of overall kinetics is presented.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
2. OUTLINE
Introduction
Chemical Reaction Engineering Problem Solving with
Polymath
CSTR- Single and multiple reactions
Batch reactor- Single and multiple reactions
Plug flow reactor- Single reaction, multiple reactions, heat effects,
pressure drop
Conclusion
3. Introduction
POLYMATH is a proven computational system that has been
specifically created for educational or professional use.
The various POLYMATH programs allow the user to apply
effective numerical analysis techniques during interactive
problem solving on personal computers.
Results are presented graphically for easy understanding and
for incorporation into papers and reports.
Engineers, mathematicians, scientists, students, or anyone
with a need to solve problems will appreciate the efficiency
and speed of problem solution.
4. Basic Function in Polymath
Linear Equations Solver
Nonlinear Equations Solver
Differential Equations Solver
Regression
Linear & Polynomial
Data Table
Multiple Linear or Multiple Nonlinear Regression
Additional Capabilities
Export to Excel
Calculator and unit conversion tools
Polymath Export to Matlab(see help Menu for more information)equation
5. Problem Solving in Chemical Engineering with
Polymath
Thermodynamics
Compressibility factor variation from Van Der Waals Equation
Fugacity coefficients of pure fluids from various Equations of State
Fluid Mechanics
Calculations involving friction factors for flow in pipes
Heat Transfer
Heat losses from an uninsulated tank due to convection
Mass Transfer
One dimensional binary mass transfer in a Stefan tube
6. Problem Solving in Chemical Engineering
with Polymath
Phase Equilibria and Distillation
Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland Correlations for Separation Processes
Process Dynamics and Control
Dynamics and control of a stirred tank heater
Closed loop controller tuning
Biochemical Engineering
Semi-continuous fed batch and cyclic-fed batch operation
Chemical Reaction Engineering
13. Single reaction in CSTR
An 1000-L isothermal CSTR is used to carry out two series/parallel reaction:
M + H X r1=k1CH
0.5CM k1= 55 (cm3/mol)0.5 h-1
Components M and H have the following concentrations in the feed:
CM0= 0.010 mol/cm3 CH0= 0.020 mol/cm3
The volumetric flow rate is 2000 L/h.
Determine the conversion at the reactor exit stream.
14.
15.
16. Multiple Reactions in CSTR
An isothermal CSTR is used to carry out two series/parallel reaction:
M + H X r1=k1CH
0.5CM k1= 55 (cm3/mol)0.5 h-1
X + H T r2=k2CH
0.5CX k2= 30 (cm3/mol)0.5 h-1
Components M and H have the following concentrations in the feed:
CM0= 0.010 mol/cm3 CH0= 0.020 mol/cm3
The volumetric flow rate is 2000 L/h.
Generate the yield vs conversion of M profile. (Hint: you may vary the residence time
to vary the conversion of the M).
17.
18.
19. Single Reaction in Batch Reactor
Single Reaction
A B r1=k1CA k1=1 hr-1
Using Polymath, we can monitor the conversion of A and the
formation of B. CA0= 2 mol/L
Determine the conversion of A at t=3 hr
20. Multiple reaction in Batch Reactor
Series Reaction
A B r1=k1CA k1=1 hr-1
B C r2=k2CB k2=2 hr-1
Using Polymath, we can monitor the conversion of A, the
formation (and disappearance) of B, and the formation of C in a
batch reactor for 3 hrs. CA0= 2 mol/L
How can B be maximised in a batch reactor?
21. Single Reaction in PFR
The following gas phase reactions occur in an isothermal PFR:
Reaction 1: A B r1A=-k1A*CA
k1A=10exp[E1/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E1= 33256 J/mol, R=8.314 J/mol.K
Pure A is fed at a rate of 100 mol/s, a temperature of 150 °C, and
a concentration of 0.1 mol/dm3. The pressure drop across the
reactor is negligible.
Determine the flow rate profiles down the reactor.
22. Multiple Reaction in PFR
The following gas phase reactions occur in an isothermal PFR:
Reaction 1: A B r1A=-k1A*CA k1A=10exp[E1/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E1= 33256 J/mol, R= 8.314 J/mol.K
Reaction 2: 2A C r2A=-k2ACA
2 k2A=0.09exp[E2/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E2= 74826 J/mol
Pure A is fed at a rate of 100 mol/s, a temperature of 150 °C, and a concentration of
0.1 mol/dm3. The pressure drop across the reactor is negligible.
Determine the flow rate profiles down the reactor.
Generate the Yield vs Conversion profile.
23. Multiple Reaction in PFR- Pressure Drop
The following gas phase reactions occur in an isothermal PFR:
Reaction 1: A B r1A=-k1A*CA k1A=10exp[E1/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E1= 33256 J/mol, R= 8.314 J/mol.K
Reaction 2: 2A C r2A=-k2ACA
2 k2A=0.09exp[E2/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E2= 74826 J/mol
Pure A is fed at a rate of 100 mol/s, a temperature of 150 °C, and a concentration of 0.1 mol/dm3.
The pressure drop across the reactor should be considered with the following details:
d(y) / d(V) = ((-alpha*rhob)/(2*y))*(T/T0)*FT/FT0
rhob= 800 kg/m3
alpha= 2e-5 g-1
Determine the flow rate profiles down the reactor.
Generate the Yield vs Conversion profile.
24. Multiple Reaction in PFR- Heat Effect
The following gas phase reactions occur in a PFR:
Reaction 1: A B r1A=-k1A*CA k1A=10exp[E1/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E1= 33256 J/mol, R= 8.314 J/mol.K
Reaction 2: 2A C r2A=-k2ACA
2 k2A=0.09exp[E2/R(1/300-1/T)] s-1
E2= 74826 J/mol
Pure A is fed at a rate of 100 mol/s, a temperature of 150 °C, and a concentration of 0.1 mol/dm3. The
pressure drop across the reactor is negligible. Determine the temperature and flow rate profiles down
the reactor.
Additional info:
ΔHRx1A= -20000 J/mol of A
ΔHRx2A= -60000 J/mol of A
CPA= 90 J/mol.°C
CPB= 90 J/mol.°C
CPC= 180 J/mol.°C
Ua= 4000 J/m3.s .°C
Ta= 100 °C
25. Multiple Reaction in PFR- Heat Effect
Hints:
Energy balance equation
dT/dV=Ua(Ta-T)+(-r1A)(-ΔHRx1A)+(-r2A)(-ΔHRx2A)/(FACPA+FBCPB+FC*CPC)
26. Multiple Reaction in PFR with Heat Effect
and Pressure Drop
Combine with pressure drop and heat effect
27. Conclusion
The tools like Polymath should be fully utilised to save time in
solving the chemical reaction engineering problems.
One have to understand the equations before the tool is used
to solve it. The tool should speed up your pace but not to
trouble you and delay your work.
