This document provides an overview of computer components and software. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, manipulate it according to programmed rules, produce output from that processing, and store results. The central processing unit (CPU) contains a control unit that interprets instructions and an arithmetic logic unit that performs logical and arithmetic processes. Input and output devices allow entering and presenting data. Primary storage like RAM stores active data and software, while secondary storage like hard disks store inactive data. The document outlines types of computer systems and peripherals, input and output technologies, and categories of system and application software.

1. Presented by:
Dr. Akhlas Ahmed
Preston University

2. An electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its
own memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate the data according
to specified rules (process), produce
information
(output)
from
the
processing, and store the results for
future use.

3. Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
Control Unit
Input Data
Primary Storage
Unit
Output Data
Arithmetic and
Logic Unit
Registers
Secondary
Storage
Unit

4. Any hardware component that allows you to
enter data, programs, commands, and
user responses into a computer
Includes –
Keyboard
Mouse
Optical Scanner
Touch Screen, so on

5. The processor, also called the central
processing unit (CPU), has subdivided into two
major subunits • The control unit interprets the instructions
• The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs
the logical and arithmetic processes

6. Converts the electronic information produced by the
processor
into
human-intelligible
form
for
presentation to end users.
Includes –
Video Display Unit
Printer
Audio Response Unit

7. Stores data and software instructions needed
for processing.

Primary Storage Unit – RAM & ROM

Secondary Storage Unit –
Floppy disk, or diskette
Compact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM
DVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM
Flash disk/USB drive
Hard disk ( non removable)
Cache Memory for high speed – Storage circuitry stores
temporary instructions and data elements

8. 1. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
• Microcomputer systems
•Personal computers, PDA’s, workstations etc.
• Midrange systems
•Network or Web servers, Multi-user systems etc.
• Mainframe systems
•Enterprise systems, Super servers, Transaction
Processors etc.

9. 2. PERIPHERALS
•Monitors
•Printers
•Scanners
•Hard Disk Drives
•CD & DVD (Dissociated Vertical Deviation) Drives
•Backup Systems

10. 3. INPUT TECHNOLOGIES
•Pointing Devices
•Pen based Computing
•Speech Recognition System
•Optical scanning
•Magnetic stripe
•Smart Cards

11. 4. OUTPUT TECHNOLOGIES
•Video Output
•Printed Output
•Storage
•Magnetic Disks
•Floppy disks
•Hard disk drives
•Magnetic Tape
•Optical Disks

12. Is the general term for various kinds of programs
used to operate and manipulate computers and
their peripheral devices.

13. TYPES OF SOFTWARE
•Application Software: performs information processing tasks for end
users.
•General purpose application programs
•Application specific programs (custom software)
•System Software: manages and supports operations of computer
systems and networks.
•System management programs.
•System development programs.

14. Application Software
 Business application software
 Software suites
 Web browsers
 Electronic mail & Instant messaging
 Word processing
 DTP (Desktop Publishing)
 Electronic spreadsheets
 Presentation graphics
 Personal information managers
 Groupware

15. System software
System management programs: Programs that manage the hardware,
software, network and data resources of computer systems during the
execution of information processing jobs of the user.
E.g. Operating system, DBMS etc.
System development program: Programs that help users develop
information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs
for computer processing.
E.g. Programming language translators & editors,
CASE (computer aided software engineering)

16. Computer software
Performs
information
processing tasks
for end users
Manages & supports
operations of
computer systems
and networks
Application
software
General
purpose
application
programs
Word processor,
Spreadsheet
Web browsers
Applicationspecific
programs
CRM, ERP,
E- commerce
System
software
System
development
programs
CASE packages,
Programming
editors & tools
System
management
programs
OS, DBMS,
Application
servers

17. THANK YOU