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Introduction to Mirrors Physics 102:  Lecture 16
Phys 102 recent lectures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Light as a wave Light as a ray
Light incident on an object ,[object Object],Everything true for wavelengths << object size ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recall: wavefronts Wavefronts represent “crests” of EM wave x z Top view: Direction of propagation x z y y z y z  
Huygens’ principle Every point on a wavefront acts as a source of tiny “wavelets” that move forward. “ wavelet”  wavefront Direction of propagation
Law of Reflection Incident wave Reflected wave Describe light as “rays” along direction of propagation of EM wave   i  r  i  =   r Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
Object Location ,[object Object],[object Object],We know object’s location by where rays come from. ,[object Object]
Flat Mirror ,[object Object],[object Object],Smooth Mirror Object Image All rays originating from peak will  appear  to come from same point  behind  mirror!  r  i
Flat Mirror ,[object Object],Virtual: No light actually gets here d (1) Draw first ray perpendicular to mirror 0 =   i  =   r (2) Draw second ray at angle.   i  =   r Light rays don’t really converge there, so it’s a  “Virtual Image” Example d  r  i
Flat Mirror Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Preflight 16.1 Why do ambulances have “AMBULANCE” written backwards? So you can read it in your rear-view mirror!
Preflight 16.3 Can you see Fido’s tail in mirror? (You) (Fido) mirror
ACT: Flat Mirrors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACT: Flat Mirrors to see feet, bottom of mirror must extend at least as low as midpoint between eyes and feet—independent on how far you are from the mirror.
ACT/Two Mirrors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Curved mirrors A Spherical Mirror:  section of a sphere. C = Center of curvature In front of concave mirror,  behind convex mirror. R principal axis light ray • Concave mirror   R C Convex mirror principal axis light ray R C •
Preflight 16.2 An organic chemistry student accidentally drops a glass marble into a silver nitrate mirroring solution, making the outside of the marble reflective. What kind of mirror is this? (1) concave (2) convex (3) flat
Concave Mirror Principal Axis Rays parallel to  principal axis  and  near  the  principal axis  (“paraxial rays”) all reflect so they pass through the “Focus” (F). R The distance from F to the center of the mirror is called the “Focal Length” (f). Angle of incidence = angle of reflection.  Thus rays are bent  towards  the principal axis. Focus f=R/2
Preflight 16.4, 16.5 What kind of spherical mirror can be used to start a fire? concave convex How far from the match to be ignited should the mirror be held? farther than the focal length closer than the focal length at the focal length
Concave Mirror Principal Axis Rays traveling through focus before hitting mirror are reflected parallel to  Principal Axis . Rays traveling parallel to  Principal Axis  before hitting mirror are reflected through focus F F
Convex Mirror Principal Axis Focus Rays parallel to  principal axis  and  near  the  principal axis  (“paraxial rays”) all reflect so they  appear  to originate from the “Focus” (F). R f=-R/2 The distance from F to the center of the mirror is called the “Focal Length” (f). Rays are bent  away from  the principal axis.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ACT: Mirror Focal Lengths

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Lect16 handout

  • 1. Introduction to Mirrors Physics 102: Lecture 16
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Recall: wavefronts Wavefronts represent “crests” of EM wave x z Top view: Direction of propagation x z y y z y z  
  • 5. Huygens’ principle Every point on a wavefront acts as a source of tiny “wavelets” that move forward. “ wavelet” wavefront Direction of propagation
  • 6. Law of Reflection Incident wave Reflected wave Describe light as “rays” along direction of propagation of EM wave  i  r  i =  r Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Preflight 16.3 Can you see Fido’s tail in mirror? (You) (Fido) mirror
  • 12.
  • 13. ACT: Flat Mirrors to see feet, bottom of mirror must extend at least as low as midpoint between eyes and feet—independent on how far you are from the mirror.
  • 14.
  • 15. Curved mirrors A Spherical Mirror: section of a sphere. C = Center of curvature In front of concave mirror, behind convex mirror. R principal axis light ray • Concave mirror R C Convex mirror principal axis light ray R C •
  • 16. Preflight 16.2 An organic chemistry student accidentally drops a glass marble into a silver nitrate mirroring solution, making the outside of the marble reflective. What kind of mirror is this? (1) concave (2) convex (3) flat
  • 17. Concave Mirror Principal Axis Rays parallel to principal axis and near the principal axis (“paraxial rays”) all reflect so they pass through the “Focus” (F). R The distance from F to the center of the mirror is called the “Focal Length” (f). Angle of incidence = angle of reflection. Thus rays are bent towards the principal axis. Focus f=R/2
  • 18. Preflight 16.4, 16.5 What kind of spherical mirror can be used to start a fire? concave convex How far from the match to be ignited should the mirror be held? farther than the focal length closer than the focal length at the focal length
  • 19. Concave Mirror Principal Axis Rays traveling through focus before hitting mirror are reflected parallel to Principal Axis . Rays traveling parallel to Principal Axis before hitting mirror are reflected through focus F F
  • 20. Convex Mirror Principal Axis Focus Rays parallel to principal axis and near the principal axis (“paraxial rays”) all reflect so they appear to originate from the “Focus” (F). R f=-R/2 The distance from F to the center of the mirror is called the “Focal Length” (f). Rays are bent away from the principal axis.
  • 21.

Editor's Notes

  1. 1
  2. Here can do cool light with ½ silvered mirror demo (1041)
  3. Bottom of mirror must be lower than halfway between eyes and feet to see feet. Demo 1095, ask for volunteer
  4. Demo 435
  5. demo: 1131
  6. still true that angle of incidence=angle of reflection
  7. demo: 44 (light the match)
  8. virtual image