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Learning Theories
The document discusses the definitions and theories of learning, emphasizing its nature as a transformative process of gaining knowledge and skills through various experiences. Key theories outlined include behaviorism, cognitivism, social learning, social constructivism, and humanistic approaches, each highlighting different aspects of how learning occurs. The text explains concepts such as classical and operant conditioning, cognitive processes, collaborative learning environments, and the importance of individual motivation and needs in the learning process.
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Learning Theories
- 2. Learning and theoriesof Learning Hira Bhatti Roll No : 11- M.ED Assigned by : Dr. Amjad Ali Arain Faculty Of Education, University Of Sindh Pakistan
- 3. Learning And Theoriesof Learning - What is learning? - Definitions of Learning - Theories of learning
- 4. What is Learning? Learning is the activity or process of gaining knowledge, or skills by studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing something. The activity of someone who learns: knowledge or skill gained from learning.
- 5. Learning Definitions bydifferent authors Learning as the transformative process of taking in information that— when internalized and mixed with what we have experienced—changes what we know and builds on what we do. It’s based on input, process, and reflection. It is what changes us. (by Tony Bingham and Marcia Conner) “The relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behavior due to experience” (Mayer, 1982, p. 1040) “A process that leads to change, which occurs as a result of experience and increases the potential of improved performance and future learning.” (by Susan Ambrose)
- 6. Theories of Learning Behaviorism Theory Cognitivism Theory Social Learning Theory Social Constructivism Humanistic Theory Learning Theories
- 7. Theories of Learning Behaviorism Theory : • It is Confined to observable and measurable behavior. • Learning is defined by the outward expression of new behavior and context- independent. • Focuses on observable behaviors. • Change in behavior demonstrates some learning.
- 8. Behaviorism Behaviorists describe “conditioning”as a universal learning process, dividing it into two types. Classical conditioning - Pavlov Operant Conditioning - Skinner
- 9. Behaviorism Classical Conditioning:is learning to associate a particular thing in our environment with a prediction of what will happen next. Classical conditioning occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimulus.
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- 11. Behaviorism Operant conditioning:In this conditioning we learn that a particular behavior is usually followed by a reward or punishment. We usually choose to keep doing behaviors that are followed by rewards and avoid behaviors that are followed by punishments. The response is made first, then reinforcement follows.
- 12. Cognitivism Theory Learningthrough active and constructive thought processes, such as practice or using our memory. Cognitive psychology proposes that learning comes from mental activity such as memory, motivation, thinking and reflection. Cognitivists believe that learning is an internal process that depends on the learner’s capacity, motivation and determination.
- 13. Social Learning Theory learning does not occur solely within the learner, but in the group and community in which they work. Learning is a shared process which takes place through observing, working together and being part of a larger group, which includes colleagues of varying levels of experience, able to stimulate each other’s development. Learning takes place through observation and sensorial experiences
- 14. Social Constructivism Social Constructivismtakes place through experiments and experience. In Social Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed Learning is… A search for meaning by the learner Contextualized An inherently social activity Dialogic and recursive The responsibility of the learner
- 15. Humanistic Theory Allstudents are intrinsically motivated to self actualize or learn Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs (physiological, psychological and intellectual) Learning should be reinforced.
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