Topic: Learning Theories Student Name: Hira Class: M.Ed Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)" "Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan

2. Learning and theories of
Learning
Hira Bhatti
Roll No : 11- M.ED
Assigned by : Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty Of Education, University Of Sindh
Pakistan

3. Learning And Theories of
Learning
- What is learning?
- Definitions of Learning
- Theories of learning

4. What is Learning?
 Learning is the activity or process of gaining knowledge, or skills by
studying, practicing, being taught, or experiencing something.
 The activity of someone who learns: knowledge or skill gained from
learning.

5. Learning Definitions by different
authors
 Learning as the transformative process of taking in information that—
when internalized and mixed with what we have experienced—changes
what we know and builds on what we do. It’s based on input, process,
and reflection. It is what changes us.
(by Tony Bingham and Marcia Conner)
 “The relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behavior
due to experience”
(Mayer, 1982, p. 1040)
 “A process that leads to change, which occurs as a result
of experience and increases the potential of improved performance and
future learning.”
(by Susan Ambrose)

6. Theories of Learning
 Behaviorism Theory
 Cognitivism Theory
 Social Learning Theory
 Social Constructivism
 Humanistic Theory
Learning
Theories

7. Theories of Learning
 Behaviorism Theory :
• It is Confined to observable and measurable behavior.
• Learning is defined by the outward expression of new
behavior and context- independent.
• Focuses on observable behaviors.
• Change in behavior demonstrates some learning.

8. Behaviorism
Behaviorists describe “conditioning” as a universal learning
process, dividing it into two types.
 Classical conditioning - Pavlov
 Operant Conditioning - Skinner

9. Behaviorism
 Classical Conditioning: is learning to associate a
particular thing in our environment with a prediction of what
will happen next.
 Classical conditioning occurs when a natural reflex responds
to a stimulus.

10. Pavlov Reserch

11. Behaviorism
 Operant conditioning: In this conditioning we learn that
a particular behavior is usually followed by a reward or
punishment. We usually choose to keep doing behaviors that
are followed by rewards and avoid behaviors that are
followed by punishments.
The response is made first,
then reinforcement follows.

12. Cognitivism Theory
 Learning through active and constructive thought processes,
such as practice or using our memory.
 Cognitive psychology proposes that learning comes from
mental activity such as memory, motivation, thinking and
reflection. Cognitivists believe that learning is an internal
process that depends on the learner’s capacity, motivation
and determination.

13. Social Learning Theory
 learning does not occur solely within the learner, but in the
group and community in which they work. Learning is a
shared process which takes place through observing,
working together and being part of a larger group, which
includes colleagues of varying levels of experience, able to
stimulate each other’s development.
 Learning takes place through observation and sensorial
experiences

14. Social Constructivism
Social Constructivism takes place through experiments and
experience.
 In Social Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed
 Learning is…
 A search for meaning by the learner
 Contextualized
 An inherently social activity
 Dialogic and recursive
 The responsibility of the learner

15. Humanistic Theory
 All students are intrinsically motivated to self actualize or
learn
 Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs
(physiological, psychological and intellectual)
 Learning should be reinforced.

16. Thank you