The standard language is associated with prestige, education, public life, science, law, politics, and religion. It is taught as a second language to foreigners and used by educated speakers. While there are some varieties that become more prestigious, no variety is inherently better than others - they are all different. Dialects refer to grammatical and phonological features that vary regionally and are known for stereotyped pronunciations. Isoglosses identify dialect boundaries by representing the line between areas with differing speech. A dialect continuum is a group of mutually intelligible dialects that differ more as geographic distance increases. Bilingualism can result from regional variation or personal background, while language planning often assumes countries are monolingual and includes all

1. Language varieties
Emilio Lara Espinoza

2. THE STANDARD LANGUAGE
is associated to
Prestige Education Public life
Prestigious Science, Law,
Academic
Speakers Politics,
Writing
Religion.
Taught as a
Used by
Second
Language to educated
foreigners speakers

3. Blimey! I dunno!
Everybody speaks a dialect with an accent.
These concepts may be close, but they are not the same.
DIALECT ACCENT
Refers to Refers to
A variety
Phonological
features
Grammatical Phonological
features features
THERE ARE SOME VARIETIES THAT BECOME MORE PRESTIGIOUS
THAN OTHERS, BUT THERE IS NO VARIETY BETTER THAN THE
OTHER: THEY ARE ALL DIFFERENT.

4. Regional dialects
They are known for having
stereotyped pronunciation
Latin
Western (US) Outback

5. ISOGLOSSES AND DIALECT BOUNDARIES
The more isoglosses you get,
Isoglosses the easier you identify a
refer to
DIALECT BOUNDARY
The line that
represents the
boundary between
areas with
differences in the
speech

6. *The dialect continuum:
It is a group of dialects spoken in a
geographical region that share linguistic
features and possess mutual inteligibility.
Nonetheless, that inteligibility dicreases when
we move within the area, finding that, at one
point, dialects are no longer similar.

7. BILINGUALISM
result of
Regional variation Personal background
Canada Personal experiences
Ex: Parents of different
Ex: English and French
mother tongues
Usually, countries are assumed to be
LANGUAGE monolingual
PLANNING Thus, all language minorities can be included
in society

8. Pidgin Creole
It developes for It is what follows a Pidgin
trading purposes
It is a language used
It is the first step in the
by a community
formation of a
language
It has grammar
It has no grammar structures and native
structures, native speakers speakers
nor a written form
It is just spoken It is both spoken and written