Sociolinguistics - Language and identity
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This document discusses language and identity through examining indexicality and markedness. It provides context on Amhara Muslims in Ethiopia who face an identity crisis due to the strong association of their Amharic language with Christianity. It also examines the Speak Mandarin Campaign in Singapore, noting how Mandarin has risen to an unmarked position among Chinese Singaporeans, implying other Chinese varieties are somehow "less Chinese". The document discusses how identity involves both discovering and inventing similarities between social groups, and how markedness establishes a power hierarchy among social categories.
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Sociolinguistics is the study of how language and society interact. A key concept is that we alter our language based on social factors like the setting, participants, and topic of conversation. Pidgins develop as languages of contact between groups without a shared language, using simplified grammar and vocabulary from the source languages. If a pidgin is passed down to children as their primary language, it becomes a creole, a fully developed language with its own complex linguistic system. Code-switching and code-mixing occur when multilingual speakers blend elements of multiple languages in a single conversation for reasons of identity, emphasis, or lack of a word in one language.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociolinguistics. It discusses how sociolinguistics studies language variation and change in relation to social factors. Some key points covered include:
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- Researchers describe language variation through concepts like idiolects, sociolects, and linguistic variables.
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This document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It defines both language and identity, explaining that language is not static and is used to express, transmit, and adapt culture. Identity is also defined as plural and dynamic, influenced by both conscious and unconscious processes. The document then examines how language and identity influence each other, with language choices impacting how one constructs their identity and how others perceive them. It notes that while individuals aim to self-select their identity, others ultimately define it through discourse. Language policies can thus diminish independence and control populations by suppressing politically sensitive languages. In conclusion, the document states that a broad connection exists between language and identity, as language defines ethnic groups, social status, power, and helps determine
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The document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It explains that identity is multifaceted and expressed through factors like accent, vocabulary, and naming practices. How people address each other and what pronouns they use can indicate social relationships and group membership. Language use helps people both construct their own identities and categorize others as belonging to certain social groups or not. Identity involves complex interactions between individual, social, and political identities shaped by language.
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This document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It defines both language and identity, explaining that language is not static and is used to express, transmit, and adapt culture. Identity is also defined as plural and dynamic, influenced by both conscious and unconscious processes. The document then examines how language and identity influence each other, with language choices impacting how one constructs their identity and how others perceive them. It notes that while individuals aim to self-select their identity, others ultimately define it through discourse. Language policies can thus diminish independence and control populations by suppressing politically sensitive languages. In conclusion, the document states that a broad connection exists between language and identity, as language defines ethnic groups, social status, power, and helps determine
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1) Gumperz studied linguistic variation among castes in an Indian village called Khallapur. He found that each caste had distinct phonological features that clearly marked social group membership. Upper castes innovated differently in speech from lower castes.
2) When studying social variation and linguistic variables, researchers must relate linguistic features to quantifiable social factors like age, gender, ethnicity, race, and social class. However, social class is a complex concept and systems of classifying people are often one-dimensional oversimplifications.
3) Researchers can study linguistic variation across apparent time (different age groups) or real time (longitudinal panel studies) to understand trends over time. Quantitative studies require reliability
Diglossia
This document discusses the concept of diglossia, which refers to a situation where two varieties of the same language exist side by side within a speech community. It introduces diglossia and defines it as a stable language situation where a community uses a primary dialect as well as a divergent, codified superposed variety used for formal purposes like education, writing, and official spoken contexts. It then discusses different aspects of diglossia, including the functions of high vs low varieties, prestige and acquisition of the varieties, standardization efforts, differences in grammar, lexicon, and phonology between varieties. The document concludes that in diglossia, no one speaks the high variety as a mother tongue.
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This document discusses the topic of dialectology, which is the scientific study of linguistic dialects. It defines dialect as a specific form of a language that is peculiar to a certain region or social group. Dialectology studies variations in language based on geographic distribution and associated features. To distinguish between dialects of the same language, speakers must be able to understand each other. The document outlines levels of dialect analysis including geography, ethnicity, and social class. It also discusses the need to study dialects from both linguistic and social perspectives.
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- In the US, over 200 languages are spoken by Native American women, who often act as language brokers between their communities and wider society. Studies have also found differences in language use among immigrant groups like Puerto Ricans based on factors like gender, age and social class.
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Reference :
" http://nongnia.blogspot.com/2013/04/sociolinguistic-language-maintenance.html "
" and other sources "
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- Code-switching refers to switching between languages or language varieties within conversations. It can be obligatory, as in diglossia, or optional. Accommodation through convergence and divergence also influences code-switching.
- Multilingual identities are fluid and culturally constructed, as seen in examples of Dominican Americans in the US asserting their own identity through language use.
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UNIVERSIDAD TรCNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociolinguistics. It discusses Chomsky's views on competence and performance, Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, and Hymes' concept of communicative competence. It also covers variation in language, the relationship between language and identity, language and solidarity, and idiolects. Additionally, it summarizes the Whorfian hypothesis, discusses micro and macro-sociolinguistics, compares linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, and outlines some key methodological issues like data collection techniques and research design. Presentations on specific topics are scheduled for the next session.
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1) Internal variation refers to different ways of expressing the same meaning within a language like "lorry-truck" or "underground-subway".
2) A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a group that has systematic differences in structure or vocabulary compared to other varieties.
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There are three main points made in the document:
1. Variation in language reflects social identity, as ways of speaking are associated with social groups and attitudes. People's language use can indicate their socioeconomic class, ethnicity, gender, age, and other social factors.
2. Every person has their own idiolect made up of the languages and dialects they command, and they code-switch between styles depending on the social situation or context.
3. Dialects are not inferior versions of a language but natural linguistic variations, and studying dialects can provide insights into how languages diverge regionally without any variety being inherently better than others.
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This document discusses language and gender around the world and in the United States. It covers several topics:
- Gender differences in language use have been found in studies of multilingual communities in Austria and Mexico.
- Studies have shown differences in perceived politeness between men and women in some cultures.
- Understanding speakers' social and language backgrounds is important in ESL contexts.
- In the US, over 200 languages are spoken by Native American women, who often act as language brokers between their communities and wider society. Studies have also found differences in language use among immigrant groups like Puerto Ricans based on factors like gender, age and social class.
Language maintenance and shift.
Reference :
" http://nongnia.blogspot.com/2013/04/sociolinguistic-language-maintenance.html "
" and other sources "
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- Multilingual identities are fluid and culturally constructed, as seen in examples of Dominican Americans in the US asserting their own identity through language use.
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The document provides examples of linguistic variation between dialects, such as different words used or pronunciations. It explains that a dialect is a regional or social variety of a language that differs in minor aspects like vocabulary and grammar. It also discusses dialect continua and isoglosses, which are lines that show where linguistic features change between dialects.ย
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1. Culture can be defined as the knowledge that is learned from other people, either through direct instruction or observation. Since language is learned from others, it is closely connected to culture.
2. Concepts and meanings that underlie language are based on a person's general knowledge and concepts. Understanding language relies on shared knowledge between speakers and listeners.
3. Some concepts and categories may be organized differently in different languages due to cultural differences. While core meanings of words are often shared across languages and cultures, there can be variation, especially in more peripheral concepts. Prototypes provide a framework for analyzing these differences
Social class and language
The document discusses the concept of social class and how class is related to language and dialect. It examines studies that have found correlations between social class and features of speech like pronunciation. Specifically, it outlines Labov's study in New York City department stores that found salespeople in higher-end stores pronounced postvocalic R sounds more than those in middle and lower-class stores, supporting the link between social class and linguistic variables.
Sociolinguistics language variations
UNIVERSIDAD TรCNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA
Inglรฉs
Introduction applied linguistics
Tema: Sociolinguistics language variations
Ponente: Mgs. Nina Nesterenko
nnesterenko@utpl.edu.ec
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Due to the exponential growth of immigration to the developed countries, various speech communities have been created in those countries. This surge of macro-communities has instigated abundant research on the nature of the linguistic identity of these communities and its potential influence on the micro-communities. There is a seamless interaction between language and social identity, and this interaction is multi-faceted and renders myriads of ramifications. Correspondingly, many researchers or theoreticians have proposed various models for the mechanism of this interaction. Even though there is a consensus on the strong intercourse between language and identity, there are still debates on the causal direction of this interaction. Building upon sociocultural and sociolinguistic theories, the related literature mostly views the causal direction from social to linguistic. However, this paper argues against any unilateral interpretations and discuss how the notions of language and identity have bilateral connections. Finally, the elemental stages of the development of linguistic identity from a semiotic outlook are discussed.
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Running Head: CULTURE 1
CULTURE 4
Culture
Studentโs Name
Professorโs Name
Course
Institution
Date
Culture
Culture can be defined as the faith and beliefs that are found within a given society. Within the culture, there exist subcultures. A subculture can be described as a group of beliefs that are found in a huge set of beliefs; they are seen to have certain beliefs or interests at variance with those of the bigger set of beliefs. The major common category of culture is the common manner of living of one group of a given society, in terms of the variance of the beliefs. These blocks are formed within a social category as much as with perception to the age of the individual, either male or female and professions.
The category of beliefs and norms that I do most deemed to be fit in is the youth belief category. These groups of category culture are attached to language that is portrayal to the particular segment. The youths use some words that enhance their fitness in a particular society. Some languages currently featuring into this group are slangs. Slang was in the past perceived as an abusive language, not allowed kind of language. However, among the youth one will find some slang such as the N-word. These terms are majorly used when a youth is talking to other peers (Kroeber and Kluckholm, 1952).
The youth subculture is encompassed by various common values such as belonging to a given group. The youths feel comfortable and well known when a person is within this category. The youths also share common values such the certain types of games, linking and networking. Youths like using the social media in exchanging information and socializing. One of the experiences for an individual within a youth subculture is that Slangs have been the basement steps for upcoming of a new language.
Youth set of beliefs and norms may interfere the identification of an individual. The concept needs to be linked to the values that an individual will gain upon socializing with the individuals within the same category. A person can be limited to the similar category unless a transition takes place dictated by nature. Therefore, an individual within the youth subculture may be ruined or molded depending on the character of individuals they are interacting.
In the Hispania culture, the youths have developed certain types of cultural beliefs in the entire nation. Since the transition to the youth, the subculture has been incorporated with various issues which identify them only. For example the use of particular jargon such as the N- word when they are attributing to their fellow colleagues. The specification of the terms they use helps them to exclude other members who are not fit in the same cultural group (Wilbur and Monk, 2010).
In conclusion, the concept of culture is very wide. The variation of culture from various countries and societies bring about the variation in the understanding of various sub-groups. The concept is a sociology conce ...
Teaching The Culture In Language Through Film handout Linda Marion
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Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
This document introduces several key concepts and approaches in linguistics and sociolinguistics. It defines language and discusses how language is a social construct. It also discusses the difference between descriptive and prescriptive approaches to language, how standard languages emerge, and the notions of speech community, monolingualism/multilingualism, and diglossia. Key terms introduced include signifier, signified, linguistic relativity, prescriptivism, descriptivism, standardization, and speech community.
Linguistic Essay
Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) studies the connection between neurology, language, and behavioral patterns to effect positive change. It posits that people experience the world through subjective sensory representations and can model successful behaviors and mindsets of others. NLP techniques aim to reprogram limiting beliefs and unwanted behaviors through methods like anchoring positive feelings to external stimuli.
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TESOL 2010 Luminary Session
Ulla Connor, PhD
Indiana Center for Intercultural Communication
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Bill Eggington, PhD
Professor and Chair, Linguistics and English Language Department,
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
Philosophical
This document discusses culture and its impact on education. It defines culture and examines its functions, components, and characterizations. Culture provides ways to meet basic needs, a sense of belonging, and determines what is valued in society. However, some cultures privilege certain styles in schools, like written communication and analytic thinking, which can disadvantage students from cultures with different styles. The document cautions against overgeneralizing cultures but notes schools often socialize students into the dominant culture, with effects on student identities. It concludes schools must recognize their role in cultural socialization and take steps to provide an educational experience that does not harm student identities.
Philosophical Issues and Ideas
This document discusses culture and its impact on education. It defines culture as a group's way of seeing, perceiving and believing, shaped by their history and social context. Culture provides a sense of belonging and identity. However, some cultures privilege certain styles of communication and thinking in schools over others, disadvantaging students from different cultures. The document cautions against overgeneralizing cultures and emphasizes recognizing diversity of perspectives.
Philosophical, Dr. Wm. Kritsonis
This document discusses culture and its impact on education. It defines culture as a group's way of seeing, perceiving and believing, shaped by their history and social context. Culture provides a sense of belonging and identity. However, some cultures privilege certain styles of communication and thinking in schools over others, disadvantaging students from different cultures. The document cautions against overgeneralizing cultures and emphasizes recognizing diversity of perspectives.
Dynamics of diversity young professionals
Brittany Johnson
Email: brittany@thelearningcove.com
Website: www.thelearningcove.com
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Sociolinguistics - Language and identity
- 1. Language and Identity IEC 303 Sociolinguistics Dylan Scott Low
- 3. โ Indexicality Amhara Muslims in Wollo, Ethiopia โ Definition of identity โ Social categories and markedness โ Markedness: Chinese languages
- 4. Indexicality The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics
- 6. Indexicality The process by which language comes to be associated with specific locally or contextually significant social characteristics is referred to as the indexicality of language, and it is crucial to a discussion of language and identity. (Dyer, p. 102)
- 7. Language as an Index of Identity, Power, Solidarity and Sentiment in the Multicultural Community of Wollo Dr Rukya Hassen, Faculty of Applied Linguistics, University of Wollo
- 8. Amhara Muslims in Wollo โ Christians and Muslims coexist alongside each other in harmony in Wollo, and both religious communities share the ethnic Amhara culture as a macroculture (Hassen, 2016). โ However the Amhara Muslims face an identity crisis due to a strong association of the Amhara identity with Christianity and the Oromo ethnic identity with Islam. โ . In other words, by examining indexicality, we can say that the Amharic language is used as an index to a personโs identity as a Christian in Wollo.
- 10. Identity Identity literally refers to sameness. How do we classify groups as โalikeโ? And by what criteria? (Bucholtz and Hall)
- 11. Social Grouping No need for pre- existing sameness to forge an identity. It is not only about discovering similarities, but inventing them. (Bucholtz and Hall)
- 12. Obscures differences within the group, but magnifies differences between groups. To be distinct from other groups, in- group differences may be erased for homogeneity. (Bucholtz and Hall)
- 13. Social Grouping However, when homogeneity does not occur, in-group differences are categorised into systematic social categories (Bucholtz & Hall, p. 371). Often, a hierarchy of power amongst the social categories is established. (Bucholtz and Hall)
- 15. Unmarked categories are often more dominant and in a position of power over unmarked categories. See some examples of unmarked social categories in the US on the right. (Bucholtz and Hall)
- 16. Case Study: Markedness A Study of Attitudes towards the Speak Mandarin Campaign in Singapore Ng Chin Leong (2014), University of Niigata Prefecture
- 17. Speak Mandarin Campaign โ In 1979, the government of Singapore launched the Speak Mandarin Campaign to create a Mandarin-speaking environment among Chinese Singaporeans (Lim & Yak, 2013) โ Despite early concerns about Mandarinโs place as the โlanguage of socializationโ among dialect speakers, a survey found that 87% of the respondents feel that Mandarin is the mother tongue of Chinese Singaporeans (Ng, p. 59). โ Wardhaugh states that โmarkedness can changeโ (p. 18). โ Hence, it can be argued that Mandarin has risen to an unmarked position in the Singaporean Chinese linguistic environment.
- 19. Speak Mandarin Campaign โ There is a Speak Mandarin Campaign poster with the slogan โBe heard in Chineseโ (p. 54), implying that the other varieties of Chinese in Singapore are somehow โless Chineseโ than Mandarin, therefore putting them down as marked varieties.
- 20. โ Indexicality Amhara Muslims in Wollo, Ethiopia โ Definition of identity โ Social categories and markedness โ Markedness: Chinese languages
- 21. References Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2004). Language and Identity. In A. Duranti, A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved from https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt7198t0cr/qt7198t0cr.pdf Dyer, J. (2007). Language and Identity. In C. Llamas, L. Mullany, & P. Stockwell, The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics. Routledge. Hassen, R. (2016, June 28). Language as an Index of Identity, Power, Solidarity and Sentiment in the Multicultural Community of Wollo. Journal of Socialomics. doi:10.41 72/2167-0358.1000174 Lim, S., & Yak, J. (2013, July 4). Speak Mandarin Campaign. Retrieved from Singapore Infopedia: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-04_122007.html markedness. (n.d.). Retrieved Sep 19, 2018, from Oxford Reference: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100134870. Ng, C. (2014). A Study of Attitudes towards the Speak Mandarin Campaign in Singapore. Intercultural Communication Studies. Retrieved Sep 19, 2018, from https://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/NG-Chin-Leong.pdf Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (6th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.