Mitosis and Meiosis Lab

1. LAB 7& 8
MITOSIS &MEIOSIS
Lab 7 Mitosis and Mitotic Index

2. LAB OBJECTIVES
• Describe the behaviour of chromosomes, centrioles, and microtubules in all
phases/stages of mitosis and meiosis
• Describe differences in mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells
• Describe differences in mitosis and meiosis

3. READINGS
• Lecture Notes
• Biological Science 1 & 2, Chapter 23
• Access diagrams, photographs, etc. from Internet/other texts

5. INTRODUCTION
MITOSIS
What is Mitosis
Mitosis, a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one
cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis is used to
describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structures
that carry the genetic information.
Chromosomes are the microscopic threadlike part of the cell that
carries hereditary information in the form of genes..
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical
daughter cells (cell division).
During mitosis one cell? divides once to form two identical cells.
The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells.

6. INTRODUCTION
In species that reproduce asexually, the chromosome number is the same
in all the cells of the organism. Among sexually reproducing organisms,
the number of chromosomes in the body (somatic) cells is diploid (2n; a
pair of each chromosome), twice the haploid (1n) number found in the sex
cells, or gametes. The haploid number is produced during meiosis.
During fertilization, two gametes combine to produce a zygote, a single
cell with a diploid set of chromosomes.
Somatic cells reproduce by dividing, a process called mitosis. Between cell
divisions the chromosomes exist in an uncoiled state, producing a diffuse
mass of genetic material known as chromatin. The uncoiling of
chromosomes enables DNA synthesis to begin. During this phase, DNA
duplicates itself in preparation for cell division.

7. MITOSIS AND THE STAGES
• Mitosis begins at prophase with the thickening and coiling of the chromosomes. The
nucleolus, a rounded structure, shrinks and disappears. The end of prophase is
marked by the beginning of the organization of a group of fibres to form a spindle
and the disintegration of the nuclear membrane.
• The chromosomes, each of which is a double structure consisting of duplicate
chromatids, line up along the midline of the cell at metaphase. In anaphase each
chromatid pair separates into two identical chromosomes that are pulled to opposite
ends of the cell by the spindle fibres.
• During telophase, the chromosomes begin to decondense, the spindle breaks down,
and the nuclear membranes and nucleoli re-form..

8. MITOSIS AND IT’S STAGES
• The cytoplasm of the mother cell divides to form two daughter cells, each containing
the same number and kind of chromosomes as the mother cell. The stage, or phase,
after .the completion of mitosis is called interphase.
• The Stages of Mitosis are:
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

9. MITOSIS

10. MITOSIS

11. INTERPHASE
• The DNA in the cell is copied in preparation for cell division, this results in two
identical full sets of chromosomes?.
• Outside of the nucleus are two centrosomes, each containing a pair of centrioles,
these structures are critical for the process of cell division.
• During interphase, microtubules extend from these centrosomes

12. PROPHASE
• The chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures that can be easily seen under
a microscope.
• Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids, containing identical
genetic information.
• The chromosomes pair up so that both copies of chromosome 1 are together, both
copies of chromosome 2 are together, and so on.
• At the end of prophase the membrane around the nucleus in the cell dissolves away
releasing the chromosomes.
• The mitotic spindle, consisting of the microtubules and other proteins, extends
across the cell between the centrioles as they move to opposite poles of the cell.

13. METAPHASE
• The chromosomes line up neatly end-to-end along the centre (equator) of the cell.
• The centrioles are now at opposite poles of the cell with the mitotic spindle fibres
extending from them.
• The mitotic spindle fibres attach to each of the sister chromatids.

14. ANAPHASE
• The sister chromatids are then pulled apart by the mitotic spindle which pulls one
chromatid to one pole and the other chromatid to the opposite pole.

15. TELOPHASE
• At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.
• A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei.
• The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each
containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus. This process is known as
cytokinesis.

16. ONION ROOT TIP PREPARATION
• Mitosis in squash preparations of growing onion root tips
• The root tips of onion have been harvested and fixed in ethanol-acetic acid (3:1) at 36 - 40°C for 12 – 24
hours. The acetic acid penetrates and swells the protoplasm, while the ethanol hardens and preserves the
protoplast around the chromosomes. Fixing for 12 – 24 hours reduces the staining of the cytoplasm.
• Wash away the fixative from the root tips with water in a watch glass.
• Place the root tips in acetocarmine/acetic acid orcein stain and 1.0 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid in the
proportions of ten parts of stain to one part of acid.
• Warm (do not boil) for five minutes on a hot plate. The acid helps to macerate the tissue.
• Wash away the excess stain, and place root tips on a clean slide with a drop of acetic acid.
• Using a razor blade, cut off most of the unstained part of the root and discard it. Be careful not to discard
the root tip, as this is what you will use to view the stages of mitosis.
• Place a cover slip and gently tap with the back of a pencil. Place a piece of blotting paper on cover slip and
gently press the cover slip with your thumb. Do not twist or push the slide sideways. The root tip should
spread out to a diameter of about 0.5 - 1 cm

18. METHOD
• Examine a prepared slide of a L.S. through an onion root tip using low power on the
compound microscope
• Locate the region behind the root cap. At the tip of the root is a root cap that protects the
tender toot tip. Just behind the root cap is the zone of cell division.
• Focus on the zone of cell division. Then switch to intermediate lens, focus, and then switch
to high power.
• Survey the zone of cell division and locate interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase and cytokinesis.
• As you find the dividing cells, speculate about its stage of division; read the descriptions
given in your text for each stage to verify that your guess is correct, and if necessary confirm
with your Demonstrator. Differences between mitosis in animals and mitosis in plants

19. RESULTS MITOSIS BIOLOGICAL
DRAWINGS
• Draw the following stages of Mitosis as seen in the Onion Root Tip under X40
objective
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
Note for these drawings you need to have a title, magnification is required
You need to label and annotate the first drawing after which you will write short notes on
the stage / process occurring on each drawing

20. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM
ONION ROOT TIP SLIDE
Label and annotate the first
drawing after which you will write
short notes on the stage / process
occurring on each drawing
The plant cell is 75 μm
Use this for all your drawings

21. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM
ONION ROOT TIP SLIDE

22. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM
ONION ROOT TIP SLIDE

23. MITOTIC INDEX
• Duration of the cell cycle The duration of mitosis varies for different tissues in onion.
However, prophase is always the longest phase (1 – 2 hours), and anaphase is always
the shortest (2 -10 min). Metaphase (5 – 15 min) and telophase (10 – 30 min) are
also of relatively short duration. Interphase may range from 12 – 30 hours. If it
takes on average 16 hours (960 min) for onion root tip cells to complete the cell
cycle, then you can calculate the amount of time spent in each phase of the cycle
from the percentage of cells in that stage. Percentage of cells in stage x 960
minutes = minutes of the cell cycle spent in stage

24. MITOTIC INDEX
• Definition of Mitotic Index Mitotic index: In a population of cells, the ratio of the
number of cells undergoing mitosis (cell division) to the number of cells not
undergoing mitosis. Mitotic index is a measure for the proliferation status of a cell
population. It is defined as the ratio between the number of cells in mitosis
(prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and the total number of cells.
• Mitotic index = # of cells in prophase + metaphase + anaphase + telophase / total #
of cells in field of view x 100

25. PROCEDURE
• Procedure Using the 40X objective, examine a single field of view in the apical
meristem region and count the number of cells in the various phases of the cell
cycle. Make sure you are reviewing the actively dividing area of the root tip. Repeat
in three more non-overlapping fields of view. Use the table below to collect and
calculate your results.

28. RESULTS
• Results Table 1
Phase Percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle Average
cells
#of cells in
Field 1
#of cells in
Field 2
#of cells in
Field 3
#of cells in
Field 4
Total % of Grand Total (Total / Grand Total
X 100)
Interphase 397 382 405
Prophase 9 2 6
Metaphase 1 6 1
Anaphase 2 0 1
Telophase 1 1 3
Grand Total

29. FOV 1
Count the #of cells in:
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Put in table on previous
slide

30. MITOTIC INDEX
• Question 1: Calculate the time spent in Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and
Telophase. Mitosis and interphase.
• Time taken for cells replication to occur = 960 mins This time would be inclusive of
all the mitotic stages and interphase. It’s a standard time used to compare all
somatic cells.
• 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
X 960
• 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
X 960

31. MITOTIC INDEX

32. MITOTIC INDEX
• Question 2
• What percentage of the cell cycle is spent in Mitosis? Interphase?
• Percentage of cell cycle spent in Mitosis =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃+𝑀+𝐴+𝑇
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
X100
• Percentage of cell cycle spent in Interphase =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
X100
• Give answer as a %

33. MITOTIC INDEX
• Question 3
• Calculate the Mitotic Index for 4 FOV.
• Mitotic Index FOV1 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃+ 𝑀+ 𝐴 +𝑇
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝐼𝑛 𝐹𝑂𝑉
X 100
• Mitotic Index FOV2 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃+ 𝑀+ 𝐴 +𝑇
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝐼𝑛 𝐹𝑂𝑉
X 100
• Mitotic Index FOV3 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃+ 𝑀+ 𝐴 +𝑇
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝐼𝑛 𝐹𝑂𝑉
X 100
• Mitotic Index FOV4 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃+ 𝑀+ 𝐴 +𝑇
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝐼𝑛 𝐹𝑂𝑉
X 100
4 Separate Calculations EXCLUDING Interphase

34. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
•PLEASE USE THIS AS
AN EXAMPLE ONLY

36. SAMPLE
CALCULATION

37. •End Of Lab 7
•Meiosis will be covered next week
in lab 8

38. LAB 8
Meiosis

39. MEIOSIS
• Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells
containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex
cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.
• During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells.
• These four daughter cells only have half the number of chromosomes? of the parent
cell – they are haploid.
• Meiosis produces our sex cells or gametes (eggs in females and sperm in males).
• Meiosis can be divided into nine stages. These are divided between the first time the
cell divides (meiosis I) and the second time it divides (meiosis II):

40. MEIOSIS FIRST AND SECOND
DIVISION
• Meiosis begins with the contraction of the chromosomes in the nucleus of the diploid cell.
Homologous paternal and maternal chromosomes pair up along the midline of the cell. Each
pair of chromosomes—called a tetrad, or a bivalent—consists of four chromatids. At this
point, the homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material by the process of crossing
over. The homologous pairs then separate, each pair being pulled to opposite ends of the cell,
which then pinches in half to form two daughter cells. Each daughter cell of this first meiotic
division contains a haploid set of chromosomes. The chromosomes at this point still consist
of duplicate chromatids.
• In the second meiotic division, each haploid daughter cell divides. There is no further
reduction in chromosome number during this division, as it involves the separation of each
chromatid pair into two chromosomes, which are pulled to the opposite ends of the daughter
cells. Each daughter cell then divides in half, thereby producing a total of four different
haploid gametes. When two gametes unite during fertilization, each contributes its haploid
set of chromosomes to the new individual, restoring the diploid number.

42. STAGES
Stages
Meiosis I
• Interphase
• Prophase I
• Metaphase I
• Anaphase I
• Telophase I & Cytokinesis
Stages
• Meiosis II
• Prophase II
• Metaphase II
• Anaphase II
• Telophase II & Cytokinses

43. MEIOSIS

44. MEIOSIS I
• Interphase
• The DNA in the cell is copied resulting in two identical full sets of chromosomes.
• Outside of the nucleus? are two centrosomes, each containing a pair of centrioles,
these structures are critical for the process of cell division?.
• During interphase, microtubules extend from these centrosomes

45. MEIOSIS I
• Prophase I
• The copied chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures that can be easily seen
under a microscope. Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids
containing identical genetic information.
• The chromosomes pair up so that both copies of chromosome 1 are together, both
copies of chromosome 2 are together, and so on.
• The pairs of chromosomes may then exchange bits of DNA in a process called
recombination or crossing over.
• At the end of Prophase I the membrane around the nucleus in the cell dissolves
away, releasing the chromosomes.
• The meiotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and other proteins, extends across
the cell between the centrioles

46. MEIOSIS I
• Metapahse I
• The chromosome pairs line up next to each other along the centre (equator) of the
cell.
• The centrioles are now at opposites poles of the cell with the meiotic spindles
extending from them.
• The meiotic spindle fibres attach to one chromosome of each pair.

47. MEIOSIS I
• Anaphase I
• The pair of chromosomes are then pulled apart by the meiotic spindle, which pulls
one chromosome to one pole of the cell and the other chromosome to the opposite
pole.
• In meiosis I the sister chromatids stay together. This is different to what happens in
mitosis and meiosis II.

48. MEIOSIS I
• Telophase I & Cytokinesis
• The chromosomes complete their move to the opposite poles of the cell.
• At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.
• A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei.
• The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each
containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus. This process is known as
cytokinesis

49. MEIOSIS II
• Prophase II
• Now there are two daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes (23 pairs of
chromatids).
• In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes condense again into visible X-
shaped structures that can be easily seen under a microscope.
• The membrane around the nucleus in each daughter cell dissolves away releasing
the chromosomes.
• The centrioles duplicate.
• The meiotic spindle forms again.

50. MEIOSIS II
• Metaphase II
• In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes (pair of sister chromatids) line
up end-to-end along the equator of the cell.
• The centrioles are now at opposites poles in each of the daughter cells.
• Meiotic spindle fibres at each pole of the cell attach to each of the sister chromatids.

51. MEIOSIS II
• Anaphase II
• The sister chromatids are then pulled to opposite poles due to the action of the
meiotic spindle.
• The separated chromatids are now individual chromosomes.

52. MEIOSIS II
• Telophase II & Cytokinesis
• The chromosomes complete their move to the opposite poles of the cell.
• At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.
• A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new cell nuclei.
• This is the last phase of meiosis, however cell division is not complete without
another round of cytokinesis.

53. MEIOSIS
• The final result of meiosis is the production of four daughter cells. These cells have
one half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Only sex cells are produced
by meiosis. Other cell types are produced by mitosis. When sex cells unite
during fertilization, these haploid cells become a diploid cell. Diploid cells have the
full complement of homologous chromosomes.

54. PREPARATION OF SLIDES TO VIEW
MEIOSIS
• Meiosis in squash preparations of flower buds of Setcreasea
• You are provided with flower buds of Setcreasea. Remove the bracts and dissect out the small flower buds.
Open the flower buds using a dissecting needle and remove anthers that are white to pale yellowish green.
Anthers that are yellow are too old and will not have dividing pollen mother cells.
• Place the anthers in a drop of acetocarmine and crush them firmly with the glass rod. Discard all visible
debris with a needle. The Pollen Mother Cells (PMCs) will remain in the staining fluid.
• Cover the object with a cover slip and warm gently over a flame. Repeat this procedure intermittently
without allowing the stain to boil or to completely evaporate. Heating allows the staining to intensify. Add
more stain if necessary.
• Check under a microscope to see if the PMCs are in any stage of active division (pollen = too old; cells in
interphase = too young).
• The preparation may be squashed by gentle pressure and sealed. If the staining is not adequate you may
need to heat again with stain. Overheating will destroy the cell and nuclear membranes. Observe slide using
the instructions given above for the onion root tip slide.

56. METHOD
• Examine a prepared slide of a c.s. through an anther using low power on the
compound microscope.
• Locate one of the four spherical anther lobes, where division occurs.
• Focus on the cell division. Then switch to intermediate lens, focus, and switch to
high power.
• Survey the zone of cell division and locate interphase, prophase I & II, metaphase I
& II, anaphase I & II, telophase I & II and cytokinesis.
• As you find dividing cells, speculate about its stage of division; read the
descriptions given in your text from each stage to verify that your guess is correct,
and if necessary confirm with your Demonstrator.

57. RESULTS BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS OF THE
STAGES OF MEIOSIS II IN LILY ANTHERS
• Draw the following stages of Meiosis in the lily anther under X 40 objective. Also
note that while you are observing both meiosis I and II you will only be drawing the
stages / phases in MEIOSIS II
• Prophase I & II (Only Drawing Prophase II)
• Metaphase I & II (Only Drawing Metaphase II)
• Anaphase I & II (Only Drawing Anaphase II)
• Telophase I & II (Only Drawing Telophase II)
• Cytokinesis I & II (Only Drawing Cytokinesis II)
Note for these drawings you need to have a title, magnification is required.
You need to label and annotate the first drawing after which you will write short notes on
the stage / process occurring on each drawing

58. BIOLOGICAL DRAWING MEIOSIS
FROM SLIDES

59. BIOLOGICAL DRAWING MEIOSIS
FROM SLIDES

60. BIOLOGICAL DRAWING FROM A
SLIDES

61. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM
SLIDES MEIOSIS II
Label and annotate the first
drawing after which you will
write short notes on the stage
/ process occurring on each
drawing
Size of The pollen cell is 86μm
Use this for all your drawings

62. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM LILY
ANTHER SLIDES MEIOSIS II

63. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM LILY
ANTHER SLIDES MEIOSIS II

64. BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS FROM LILY
ANTHER SLIDES MEIOSIS II

65. MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS

67. RECAP
Mitosis
• Biological Drawings of
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Mitotic Index table and calculations for 4
FOV
Meiosis
• Biological Drawings of
• Prophase II
• Metaphase II
• Anaphase II
• Telophase II
• Cytokinesis II
• Total of 10 Biological Drawings

68. •Please note that Labs 7&8 is to be
written as ONE COMPLETE LAB
REPORT

70. DISCUSSION
• Discussion: For this section you are expected to have the following tables completed
AT HOME and BROUGHT to The Lab:
• ➔ Table showing the major differences between mitosis in plants and animals.
• ➔ Comparative table showing the significant differences between mitosis and
meiosis

71. LAB WRITE -UP
• Name: ID#
• Date of lab
• Title:
• Aim:
• Introduction:
• ➔ Definitions of Mitosis and Meiosis
• ➔ What are the stages of Mitosis?
• ➔ What happens during each stage of Mitosis?
• ➔ What are the stages of Meiosis?
• ➔ What happens during each stage of Meiosis?
• ➔ Definition of the Mitotic Index and Its relevance. How is it calculated

72. LAB WRITE UP
• Apparatus and Materials: List ALL the Apparatus and Materials used in the Lab.
• Method: Past tense and Paragraph form.
• Results:
• Section A: Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plant cells
• ➔ You will be required to produce labelled drawings of the Following stages:
• ➢ Interphase
• ➢ Prophase
• ➢ Metaphase
• ➢ Anaphase
• ➢ Telophase

73. LAB WRITE UP
• Section B: Observing Meiosis and Cytokinesis in Plant cells
• ➔ You will be required to produce labelled drawings of the Following stages. You
can draw either Meiosis 1 or Meiosis 2 NOT BOTH :
• ➢ Prophase II
• ➢ Metaphase II
• ➢ Anaphase II
• ➢ Telophase II
Cytokinesis II

74. LAB WRITEUP
Note for these drawings you need to have a title, no magnification is required.
You need to label and annotate the first drawing after which you will write short notes on
the stage / process occurring on each drawing
• YOU ARE TO DRAW ONLY WHAT YOU SEE SO YOU SHOULD NOT DRAWING OR
SEEING THINGS LIKE SPINDLE FIBERS.
• Section C: Calculating the Mitotic Index Table and Calculations

75. LAB WRITE UP
• Discussion: For this section you are expected to have the following tables completed
AT HOME and BROUGHT to The Lab:
• ➔ Table showing the major differences between mitosis in plants and animals.
• ➔ Comparative table showing the significant differences between mitosis and
meiosis
• Conclusion:
• References: Chicago Manual of Style 16 /17th Ed.

76. DUE DATE
Due: Wednesday 30th March @ 6PM
Submit ONE COMPLETE DOCUMENT to Turnitin link on the BIOL0200 course
page.
Anything more than 20% plagiarism will not be accepted.
Late submissions will have 10% deducted for each day late.
Late submissions will NOT be accepted 5 days after the deadline.