This document discusses mitosis and cell division. It begins by defining mitosis as the type of cell division that produces two daughter cells with identical chromosomes to the parent cell. It then explains the importance of mitosis for growth, repair and asexual reproduction. The key stages of the cell cycle and mitosis are outlined in detail, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The document also discusses regulation of the cell cycle and the effects of uncontrolled mitosis. Finally, it covers the application of mitosis knowledge in cloning and the advantages and disadvantages of cloning techniques.
CELL DIVISION- Decoding Cell Division: The Dance of Life's ContinuityNursing Mastery
Decoding Cell Division: The Dance of Life's Continuity
Step into the mesmerizing world of cell division with our illuminating SlideShare presentation. From the elegant choreography of mitosis to the intricacies of meiosis, witness the remarkable processes that underpin life's continuity and diversity.
In this captivating presentation, we delve deep into the mechanisms of cell division, unraveling the stages and significance of mitosis and meiosis. Explore how cells meticulously replicate their DNA, segregate their chromosomes, and orchestrate their division to ensure the transmission of genetic information with precision and fidelity.
Through vivid illustrations, clear explanations, and real-world examples, we illuminate the significance of cell division in growth, development, and reproduction. Gain a newfound understanding of how errors in cell division can lead to diseases like cancer and genetic disorders, and learn about the cutting-edge research driving advancements in this field.
Whether you're a student, educator, or enthusiast of life sciences, our presentation offers valuable insights into one of the most fundamental processes of life. Join us as we unravel the mysteries of cell division and marvel at the beauty and complexity of nature's continuity.
Don't miss this opportunity to deepen your knowledge and appreciation of cell biology. Embark on a journey into the heart of cell division and discover the dance of life's continuity unfolding before your eyes.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• To state the necessity forthe
production ofnew cells in
organisms,
• To explain the necessity for the
production ofnewcells identical to
parent cells,
• To state the significanceof mitosis,
• To identify the phases in the cell
cycle,
4. MITOSIS
• A type of cell division which
involve the division of the
nucleus to produce two
daughter cells, each contain
same number & same kind of
chromosome as the parent cell
• Occurs in all somatic cells
except gametes.
5. • In unicellular organisms – for asexual
reproduction. (Amoeba sp.)
• Multicellular organisms – to generate new
cells to replace dead & damaged cells, for
growth & development
• Somatic cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes,
1 set from female parent, 1 set from male
parent –diploid(2n)
• Single set of unpaired chromosome –
haploid (n)
• Each somatic cells produce 2 new diploid cells
identical to the parent cell
6. Examples number of chromosomes
ORGANISM SOMATICCELL (2n) GAMETECELL (n)
Human 46 23
Camel 70 35
Goat 60 30
Porcupine 34 17
Bat 44 22
Squirrel 40 20
House fly 12 6
Chicken 78 39
Alligator 32 16
Mosquito 6 3
Pea 14 7
Rice 24 12
7. SIGNIFICANCE OF MITOSIS
• For growth, repair & replaces cells
that are dead or damaged
• A form of asexual reproduction to
increase the number of organisms
• To ensure that the offsprings/new cells
are genetically identical to the parent.
• Preserves the diploid number of
chromosomes
8. The Cell Cycle
INTERPHASE (G1, S, G2)
G1 : Growth phase 1
The cell growth by producing proteins &
cytoplasmic organelles
S : Synthesis
Synthesis of DNA, chromosomes are
duplicated & DNA has replicated to form
2 identical sister chromatids joined
together by centromere
G2 : Growth phase 2
Cell growth & cell differentiation occur
M PHASE(Cell Division)
Mitosis : nucleus divides
Cytokinesis : division of cytoplasm
9.
10. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• To explain the process of
mitosis & cytokinesis,
• To arrange the various stages
of mitosis in the correct
sequence,
• To compare and contrast
mitosis & cytokinesis in animal
cell & plant cell
11.
12. STAGE OF MITOSIS
• Divided into four phase :
PROPHASE,
METAPHASE, ANAPHASE
& TELOPHASE
• Nucleus divides
cytokinesis (cytoplasm
divides)
13. PROPHASE
• Centrioles move apart to
opposite poles
• The chromosomes coil up,
condense & shorten
• Two identical chromatids (sister
chromatids) appears, attached
at centromere
• Nuclear membrane breaks down
• Nucleolus disappears
• Spindle fibres begin to form
extend between the centrioles.
14. METAPHA
SE
• The chromosomes move
to the cells equator
• The chromosomes line up
along the equator of the
cell with the
centromeres attached to
the spindle fibres
• Each chromatid of the
chromosome faces its
own pole
• Metaphase ends when
the centromeres divide
15. ANAPHASE • The centromere of each
chromosome divides into two
• The sister chromatids of each
chromosome separate and
move to opposite poles of the
cell
• The spindle fibres pull the
centromere toward each pole
with the chromatid arms
trailing behind
• When the chromatids reach
their respective poles, the
chromatids become
independent chromosomes.
16. TELOPHAS
E
• Final stage of mitosis
• Two sets of chromosomes, one
at each pole
• Chromosomes start to uncoil &
revert to their extended state.
• Less visible under the
microscope
• Spindle fibres begin to
disappear
• Nuclear membrane begin to
form around each
chromosomes. 2 daughter nuclei
are formed
• Cytokinesis occurs at the end of
telophase
17. CYTOKINESIS
• The division of cytoplasm.
• Animal cell = actin filaments in the cytoplasm
contracts to pull a ring of the plasma membrane
inwards to form a cleavage furrow the cell is
separated into 2 daughter cells.
• Plant cell = starts with the formation of cell plate
at the equator of the cell cell plate enlarge
new cell wall is formed 2 daughter cells are
produced.
20. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• To explain the importance of
controlled mitosis,
• To explain the effects of uncontrolled
mitosis in living things,
• To describe the application of
knowledge on mitosis in cloning,
• To explain the advantages &
disadvantages of cloning.
21. REGULATION
OF
THE
CELL
CYCLE
• Cell cycle is controlled by
genes of the chromosomes
• Each type of cell has its own
timing & rate of cell division
(controlled mitosis)
• Uncontrolled mitosis happen when
the genes that regulate the cell
cycle is mutated or damaged
• May be caused by too much
exposure to carcinogens (cancer-
causing agent).
22. REGULATION
OF
THE
CELL
CYCLE
• Tumor : the number of
abnormal cells produced
increase very quickly
• Benign tumor : abnormal
cells remain at the
original site
• Malignant tumor : tumor
becomes invasive & spread
to neighbouring tissues,
impairing the functions of
one or more organs
cancer
23. APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE
ON MITOSIS IN CLONING
• To increase the
quantity of the product
• To improve the
quality, to produce
new species & to
ensure uniformity in
the traits of the plants
24. CLONING
• A natural process asexual reproduction of unicellular organisms
• Contain same genetic content & chromosomal number with one another as well as
with the parent organism
• CLONING:A TECHNIQUE /
theprocessof
producingclonesor
genetically identical
organisms through
asexuallyreproduction.
25.
26. CLONING / GENETIC
ENGINEERING
• A highly artificial form of asexual
reproduction based on mitosis
• The offspring is produced by mitosis from
a diploid cell
• The transfer of the nucleus from a somatic
cell to an ovum or embryonic cell with the
nucleus removed.
28. AN OUTLINEOF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
• Sterilised apparatus & materials
The surface of a leaf is sterilised
with ethanol / dilute sodium
hypochlorite solution Small pieces
of tissue (explants) culture
medium a callus (an
undifferentiated mass of tissue)
formed (mitosis) embryos
plantlets transferred to
the soil adult plants
29.
30.
31. ADVANTAGES
1. Produced in a short time (increase quantity)
1. The good qualities of the plants/ animals can be
selected & maintained in the clones
1. Increases the rate of production & the quality of
the product
1. Ensure the continuity of hereditary traits from
parent to the clones
1. Can be carried out any time of the year
32. DISADVANTAGES
1. The resistance of the clones towards diseases &
pests is the same. 1 infected with a
disease/pests, all the clones will also affected.
Lead to the extinction of the species.
2. Carried out under controlled environment.
External environment changes, the will be
destroyed
3. Prevents natural selection
4. No variation