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Cell Division and Mitosis (4.1)
- 1. Cell Division &Mitosis Section 4.1 - Cell Reproduction
- 3. Why is CellDivision Important? • billions Everyday _________________ of red blood cells wear out and are replaced. • millions Everyday _________________ of skin cells wear out and are replaced. • Cell division is how single cell organisms reproduce.
- 4. Why is CellDivision Important? How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants? Cell Division
- 5. Cell Division &the Cell Cycle Mitosis is a cycle that occurs in most of our cells.
- 6. Length of aCycle • The cell cycle is a series of events that takes place from one cell division to the next. • The time it takes to complete a cell cycle is not the same in all cells.
- 7. Mitosis & AsexualReproduction • Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus divides to form two new nuclei. • Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction. • Asexual Reproduction - when a cell doubles its contents and then divides into two identical cells - the production of offspring that are genetically identical
- 8. Mitosis & AsexualReproduction • The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.
- 9. Why Asexual Reproduction? 3reasons why cells reproduce asexually: • growth • repair • replacement
- 10. Steps of Mitosis •Interphase • PROPHASE • METAPHASE • ANAPHASE • TELOPHASE • Cytokinesis
- 11. Steps of CellCycle • Interphase • PROPHASE • METAPHASE • ANAPHASE • TELOPHASE • Cytokinesis
- 12. How can Iremember the order? I Pray More At The Church
- 13. Interphase • Most ofthe life of any eukaryotic cell is spent in a period of growth and development called interphase. • Cells in your body that no longer divide, such as nerve and muscle cells, are always in interphase. • An actively dividing cell, such as a skin cell, copies its hereditary material and prepares for cell division during interphase.
- 14. Interphase • During interphase,each chromosome duplicates. • When the nucleus is ready to divide, each duplicated chromosome coils tightly into two thickened, identical strands called chromatids.
- 15. Chromosome • A chromosomeis a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material (DNA). • A chromatid is one-half of a replicated chromosome.
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- 20. Chromosome chromosome _________________ chromatid
- 21. Interphase animal cell plant cell
- 22. Prophase • The pairsof chromatids are fully visible when viewed under a microscope. • The nucleolus and the nuclear membrane disintegrate.
- 23. Prophase • Two smallstructures called centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. • Between the centrioles, spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell.
- 24. Prophase • Plant cellsalso form spindle fibers during mitosis but do not have centrioles.
- 25. Prophase animal cell plant cell
- 26. Metaphase • The pairsof chromatids line up across the center of the cell. • The centromere of each pair usually becomes attached to two spindle fibers—one from each side of the cell.
- 27. Metaphase animal cell plant cell
- 28. Anaphase • Each centromeredivides and the spindle fibers shorten.
- 29. Anaphase • Each pairof chromatids separates, and chromatids begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
- 30. Anaphase animal cell plant cell
- 31. Telophase • The spindlefibers start to disappear. • The chromosomes start to uncoil. • A new nucleus forms.
- 32. Telophase animal cell plant cell
- 33. Cytokinesis - divisionof cytoplasm • For most cells, after the nucleus has divided, the cytoplasm separates and two new cells are formed.
- 34. Cytokinesis - divisionof cytoplasm • In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches in the middle, like a balloon with a string tightened around it, and the cytoplasm divides.
- 35. Cytokinesis - divisionof cytoplasm • In plant cells, the appearance of a cell plate tells you that the cytoplasm is being divided. • Why is this step different for plant cells?
- 36. Cytokinesis - divisionof cytoplasm • New cell walls form along the cell plate, and new cell membranes develop inside the cell walls. • Now, the period of growth, or interphase, begins again.
- 37. Cytokinesis - divisionof cytoplasm
- 38. Cytokinesis animal cell plant cell
- 39. Animal Mitosis --Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase
- 40. Plant Mitosis --Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase
- 42. Results of Mitosis 4important things to remember about Mitosis & Cell Division 1. Mitosis is the division of a nucleus. 2. Mitosis produces 2 new nuclei that are identical to the original nucleus • Every cell in your body copies the same hereditary information. • All of your cells use different parts (genes) of the same hereditary material to become different types of cells. 3. The original cell no longer exists. 4. Cell division allows growth and replaces worn out or damaged cells.
- 43. Other forms of Asexual Reproduction • Bacteria cannot reproduce through mitosis because of what mitosis is. Mitosis is the division of a nucleus. • Bacteria do not have a nucleus, so they cannot undergo mitosis. • The process they use is called fission.
- 44. Fission • Binary fissionis the simplest form of asexual reproduction. • Bacteria cells split into approximately two equal halves. The process in bacteria is relatively rapid.
- 45. Fission • The twonew organisms are identical genetically, except for a random mutation that may occasionally occur.
- 46. Budding • Hydra, afreshwater animal, reproduces using budding. The bud is an exact copy of the adult plant. • Part of the adult buds off, or breaks off, and a new organism grows.
- 47. Regeneration Regeneration replaces lostbody parts. It uses mitosis and cell division.