The document discusses habitats and adaptations. It defines habitat as the surroundings where an organism lives, including biotic components (living things like plants and animals) and abiotic components (non-living things like air, water, soil, and temperature). Adaptations are specific features or behaviors that allow organisms to adjust to their habitat. Examples of adaptations in desert, mountain, grassland, and aquatic habitats are provided, such as a camel's humps for fat storage or long eyelashes to protect from sand. The document also discusses plant adaptations like creeping stems in grasslands and floating leaves in aquatic plants.

1. Habitat
The surroundings where an
organism lives is known as its
habitat.
There are 2 components of
ahabitat :
1. Biotic components.
2. Abiotic components.

2. Biotic components :
The living components of a
habitat.
Eg : Plants, animals & other
micro-organisms
Abiotic components :
The non-living components of a
habitat.
Eg : Air, water, soil, sunlight,
temperature, rocks.

3. Adaptations
The presence of certain
specific features or habits
which enables a plant or
an animal to adjust and
live in its surroundings is
known as adaptations.

4. Types of Adaptations
1. Terrestrial adaptation :
a) Desert Adaptation
b) Mountain Adaptation
c) Grassland Adaptation
2. Aquatic Adaptation

5. Adaptation: Two rows of long
eyelashes.
Function: Protect against
blowing sand and the sun

6. Adaptation: Fat stored in
hump(s)
Function: Help it to survive

7. Adaptation: Broad, flat, leathery pads at the
bottom of their hooves
Function: Pads spread out when the camel
places its feet on the ground thus preventing the
camel from sinking into the sand

8. Adaptation: Thick leathery patches on
knees
Function: Protect it from getting burn
when it kneels on the hot desert sand

9. Adaptation: Long strong legs
Function: Help carry heavy loads over
long distances and keep its body
further away from the hot sand

10. Habitat

11. Plant Adaptaion in Mountain
Habitat

12. Animal Adaptaion in Grassland
 Some animals are very small such as mice,
dogs, snakes, lizards and insects. These animals
can hide easily in the grasses.
 There are also large animals such as elephants,
lions, zebra, giraffes, cheetah, etc. These
animals are too large to hide in the grasses, so
they protect themselves in other ways, such as
by speed or camouflage. Some animals like
elephants, giraffes and rhinos are so large that
predators cannot easily attack a healthy adult.
 Many animals live in large groups. This gives
protection from predators .There are more eyes
to spot danger, & strong members surround

13. Grasses grow from the base. Creeping stems above the
ground are called stolons, and those below the ground
are called rhizomes..
As these creeping stems spread out, shoots grow up and
produce leaves. The deep, spreading root systems make
sure that even in drought, the plants are able to get water.
Long narrow leaves like grass do not lose as much water
in the heat as big leaves do.
Grass can be cut quite close to the ground, and new
leaves sprout from the base of the plant. This means that

14. If these plants are removed from the water, they
hang limply. They are normally supported by water
all around them and so have no need of mechanical
strengthening.
Roots are often reduced and their main function is
anchorage.
The submerged leaves are often highly dissected or
divided. It also minimises water resistance .
Submerged Plants

15. They are of two types: those which are rooted with floating leaves
(e.g. Water Lily) and those which are not rooted, but just float on
the surface (e.g. Duckweed). Floating leaves are generally
tough because they have to withstand the weather and water
movement.
Stomata are found only on the upper surface of the leaf. Upper
surface has a thick waxy cuticle to repel water and help to keep
the stomata open and clear.
Weak stems produce a massive floating canopy of leaves
Floating Plants

16. Animal Adaptaion in Aquatic Habitat

17. vegetative propagation.
 Layering
Involves getting roots to grow from the stem.
I.e., magnolia tree
 Cutting
Using a short section of plant stems for
propagation.
 Budding
Taking a bud from one plant and moving it to
another.
 Grafting
Placing a section of a stem of one plant onto
another plant.
 Tissue culture

18. Layering

19. Cutting

20. Tissue Culture