The document describes Knowledge-Based Analysis and Design (KBAD), a methodology developed by Systems and Proposal Engineering Company for rapid systems engineering and architecture development. KBAD combines system engineering and program management disciplines to develop an executable knowledge base that can support decision-making across a system's lifecycle. It utilizes a modified form of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) with simplified constructs and relationships between elements. The goal is to reduce complexity and capture the essential information needed for analysis and design in a more cost-effective manner than traditional approaches.
The document discusses principles and patterns for designing web interfaces, including making interactions direct, lightweight, and keeping users on the page. It covers various techniques for inline and overlay editing, direct selection of objects, drag and drop interactions, and using contextual tools near content to improve usability. The document provides examples and guidelines for implementing these patterns and principles in web design.
This document discusses information architecture for mobile devices. It covers topics like a brief history of mobile devices, the mobile ecosystem, types of mobile applications, and mobile design. It defines information architecture and discusses how it differs for mobile, including keeping designs simple, using site maps, clickstreams, wireframes, and prototypes to test designs. Specific tips for mobile include limiting mistakes in site maps and using content to confirm user paths. The goals are to organize content effectively and allow intuitive interaction on smaller mobile screens.
This document discusses interface design for mobile devices. It covers topics like developing a mobile strategy, interface elements like context, messaging, look and feel, layout, color, typography, and graphics. For each element, it provides descriptions and examples. It discusses how context, user needs, and constraints should drive design. Elements like layout must work across device orientations. Color palettes and legible typography are also important. Graphics can communicate actions and supplement content. Overall, the document provides guidance on user-centered mobile interface design principles.
The cognitive walkthrough is a usability inspection method that evaluates how easily users can learn to use an interface by exploring it. It involves defining tasks, expected action sequences, and users. Evaluators then walk through each task step-by-step to identify any issues like mismatches between actions and effects or inadequate feedback. The goal is to catch problems that could hinder a user's ability to learn through exploration.
User interface design is the process of maximizing usability, user experience, and satisfaction when interacting with a product through its interface. This involves understanding user behavior and needs to design interfaces that allow users to accomplish goals simply and efficiently. User experience design takes this a step further by addressing all aspects of a product as perceived by users. Some key principles of good UI design include clarity, feedback, consistency, following established patterns, visual hierarchy through typography, white space and color use. Common UI patterns include things like autocomplete, cards, and navigation menus.
This document discusses human-computer interaction and interaction models. It provides objectives for describing elements of interaction models, identifying how ergonomics influences interaction, how interface styles influence dialog, and identifying interaction paradigms. Models of interaction discussed include Norman's execution-evaluation cycle and Abowd and Beale's framework. Translations between the user, input, system, and output are explained. Examples are given of how to apply these models to understand issues in interaction.
The document discusses the mobile ecosystem and its various layers. It describes how the mobile ecosystem consists of operators who build cellular networks, mobile platforms that software runs on, application frameworks that apps are created with, and different types of mobile apps like games and web widgets. It also covers topics like mobile design, information architecture, and trends like Mobile 2.0.
The document discusses principles and patterns for designing web interfaces, including making interactions direct, lightweight, and keeping users on the page. It covers various techniques for inline and overlay editing, direct selection of objects, drag and drop interactions, and using contextual tools near content to improve usability. The document provides examples and guidelines for implementing these patterns and principles in web design.
This document discusses information architecture for mobile devices. It covers topics like a brief history of mobile devices, the mobile ecosystem, types of mobile applications, and mobile design. It defines information architecture and discusses how it differs for mobile, including keeping designs simple, using site maps, clickstreams, wireframes, and prototypes to test designs. Specific tips for mobile include limiting mistakes in site maps and using content to confirm user paths. The goals are to organize content effectively and allow intuitive interaction on smaller mobile screens.
This document discusses interface design for mobile devices. It covers topics like developing a mobile strategy, interface elements like context, messaging, look and feel, layout, color, typography, and graphics. For each element, it provides descriptions and examples. It discusses how context, user needs, and constraints should drive design. Elements like layout must work across device orientations. Color palettes and legible typography are also important. Graphics can communicate actions and supplement content. Overall, the document provides guidance on user-centered mobile interface design principles.
The cognitive walkthrough is a usability inspection method that evaluates how easily users can learn to use an interface by exploring it. It involves defining tasks, expected action sequences, and users. Evaluators then walk through each task step-by-step to identify any issues like mismatches between actions and effects or inadequate feedback. The goal is to catch problems that could hinder a user's ability to learn through exploration.
User interface design is the process of maximizing usability, user experience, and satisfaction when interacting with a product through its interface. This involves understanding user behavior and needs to design interfaces that allow users to accomplish goals simply and efficiently. User experience design takes this a step further by addressing all aspects of a product as perceived by users. Some key principles of good UI design include clarity, feedback, consistency, following established patterns, visual hierarchy through typography, white space and color use. Common UI patterns include things like autocomplete, cards, and navigation menus.
This document discusses human-computer interaction and interaction models. It provides objectives for describing elements of interaction models, identifying how ergonomics influences interaction, how interface styles influence dialog, and identifying interaction paradigms. Models of interaction discussed include Norman's execution-evaluation cycle and Abowd and Beale's framework. Translations between the user, input, system, and output are explained. Examples are given of how to apply these models to understand issues in interaction.
The document discusses the mobile ecosystem and its various layers. It describes how the mobile ecosystem consists of operators who build cellular networks, mobile platforms that software runs on, application frameworks that apps are created with, and different types of mobile apps like games and web widgets. It also covers topics like mobile design, information architecture, and trends like Mobile 2.0.
The document discusses drag and drop interactions from the perspectives of users, events, actors, and purposes. It outlines key questions about how users perceive draggable objects and valid drop targets. It also lists common drag and drop events like hover, drag initiation, and entering/exiting targets. The actors involved include objects, cursors, and containers. Finally, it describes using drag and drop for rearranging modules, lists, changing object relationships, and invoking actions.
Testing Compliance with Accessibility GuidelinesTechWell
Currently, 2.4 billion people use the Internet, and about 10 percent of the world’s population has some form of disability. This means millions of potential users will have difficulty accessing the Internet. Thus, accessibility testing should not be ignored. Anish Krishnan discusses the importance of accessibility testing, reasons for considering accessibility issues while designing, and international Web accessibility laws. He shares effective techniques for carrying out accessibility testing, the potential scope of this testing, myths surrounding accessibility testing, and a set of automated tools to support this testing. Join Anish to learn about the Section 508 standards and how to test for web accessibility using screen readers and open source tools. Experience screen reader technology on both an accessible and non-accessible site. Learn how your test team can be advocates of accessible websites throughout the project lifecycle and add accessibility testing to your testing capabilities.
This document discusses key human factors to consider for designing human-computer interfaces. It covers understanding how people interact with computers by examining why they have trouble, how they respond to poor design, and their tasks. It also covers important human characteristics in design such as perception, memory, and individual differences. The goal is to understand users and design intuitive, usable systems.
User Interface Design - Module 1 IntroductionbrindaN
User Interface Design - Module 1 Introduction
Subject Code:15CS832 USER INTERFACE DESIGN VTU UNIVERSITY
Referred Text Book: The Essential Guide to User Interface Design (Second Edition) Author: Wilbert O. Galitz
HCI 3e - Ch 14: Communication and collaboration modelsAlan Dix
Chapter 14: Communication and collaboration models
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
This document provides an overview of the subject of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It discusses the historical evolution of HCI from early computers to modern interfaces. It also covers key concepts like interactive system design, usability engineering, and the relationship between HCI and software engineering. The document outlines several topics that are important to HCI like GUI design, prototyping techniques, and research areas in HCI including ubiquitous computing and embedded systems.
The document discusses code instrumentation and its importance. It provides three types of instrumentation: 1) Adding trace information, 2) Adding debug information, and 3) Adding performance counters. It emphasizes that instrumentation makes code easier to debug, tune, and maintain over time. It notes that production code should always have instrumentation enabled via configuration settings. Overall, the document promotes instrumentation as a best practice for monitoring code behavior and performance.
Human computer interaction-web interface design and mobile eco systemN.Jagadish Kumar
This document discusses various contextual tools and patterns that support virtual pages for designing rich web user interfaces.
It begins by explaining different types of contextual tools like always-visible tools, hover-reveal tools, toggle-reveal tools, and multi-level tools. It then discusses overlays and inlays, describing dialog, detail, and input overlays as well as dialog, list, and detail inlays.
Finally, it covers patterns that support virtual pages like virtual scrolling, inline paging, scrolled paging, panning, and zoomable user interfaces. Virtual scrolling creates the illusion of a larger page by dynamically loading more content as the user scrolls. Inline paging updates only part of
HCI 3e - Ch 6: HCI in the software processAlan Dix
Chapter 6: HCI in the software process
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
This document summarizes key aspects of human psychology relevant to designing interactive systems. It covers the human senses of vision, hearing, touch, and movement. It also discusses memory, including sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. It describes different types of reasoning like deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. It discusses problem solving approaches and sources of human error. It also outlines theories of emotion and individual differences in human capabilities. The document stresses applying psychological principles in context and understanding experimental conditions when designing interactive systems.
This document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI) from the perspective of a student group consisting of Buwenaka, Piyumika, Thilan, Sachith, and Nuwan. It defines HCI as the discipline concerned with designing, evaluating, and implementing interactive computing systems for human use. The document discusses key aspects of HCI like the importance of understanding how humans and computers interact, defining user interfaces, principles of HCI design, the history and importance of HCI, and different types of user interfaces.
Nielsen’s heuristics are 10 principles for evaluating the usability of website interfaces, created by computer scientist Jakob Nielsen in 1990. These principles define important points in the composition of interfaces and should be considered when creating layouts.
The 10 principals are as follows:
1.Visibility of System Status
2.Match between System and the Real World
3.User Control and Freedom
4.Consistency and Standards
5.Error Prevention
6.Recognition Rather Than Recall
7.Flexibility and Efficiency of Use
8.Aesthetic and Minimalist Design
9.Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover from Errors
10.Help and Documentation
Face to Face Communication and Text Based Communication in HCIAbdullah Khosa
This document compares face-to-face communication and text-based communication. Face-to-face communication involves non-verbal cues like body language, eye contact, and gestures that aid in conveying meaning. It allows for more natural turn-taking and feedback. However, text-based communication lacks these cues and is more important for self-esteem. While text is less engaging, it is more efficient in terms of speed and saves time compared to face-to-face interaction.
This document discusses bad design and provides examples. It defines bad design as products whose design is not adapted to users, tasks, or environments. Examples given include a symmetric knife with indistinguishable blade sides, USB ports with no sense of proper orientation, and doors that open in both directions posing collision risks. The document outlines consequences of bad design like increased costs and user security problems and concludes that bad design can be reduced by following human factors and user-centered design principles.
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field of study focusing on the design of computer technology and, in particular, the interaction between humans (the users) and computers. While initially concerned with computers, HCI has since expanded to cover almost all forms of information technology design
In this session we’ll leave the need for performance a foregone conclusion and take a whirlwind tour through the complexity of modern Internet architectures. The complexities lead to evil optimization problems and significant challenges troubleshooting production issues to a speedy and successful end.
Starting with the simple facts that you can’t fix what you can’t see and you can’t improve what you can’t measure, we’ll discuss what needs monitoring and why. We’ll talk about unlikely allies in the fight for time and budget to instrument systems, applications and processes for observability.
You’ll leave the session with a better understanding of what it looks like to troubleshoot the storm of a malfunctioning large architecture and some tools and techniques you can use to not be swallowed by the Kraken.
what is user support system???
This file will provide detailed overview about the user support system and how it will works in human computer interaction and why we need it .....
The document outlines a multi-month implementation plan for a BI project with the following key stages:
1) Preparation and Planning in Month 1 involving prioritization, hardware installation, staffing, and software procurement.
2) ETL development from Month 1-3 involving requirement analysis, design, development and testing of the ETL processes.
3) Initial deployment from Month 2-3 setting up the metadata framework and data governance with report reductions.
4) Ongoing development from Month 4-10 involving further report reductions, incremental deployments, building the data library and dashboards. Headcount savings also take effect during this stage.
5) Long term operations starting from Month 11 involving targeting
The document discusses drag and drop interactions from the perspectives of users, events, actors, and purposes. It outlines key questions about how users perceive draggable objects and valid drop targets. It also lists common drag and drop events like hover, drag initiation, and entering/exiting targets. The actors involved include objects, cursors, and containers. Finally, it describes using drag and drop for rearranging modules, lists, changing object relationships, and invoking actions.
Testing Compliance with Accessibility GuidelinesTechWell
Currently, 2.4 billion people use the Internet, and about 10 percent of the world’s population has some form of disability. This means millions of potential users will have difficulty accessing the Internet. Thus, accessibility testing should not be ignored. Anish Krishnan discusses the importance of accessibility testing, reasons for considering accessibility issues while designing, and international Web accessibility laws. He shares effective techniques for carrying out accessibility testing, the potential scope of this testing, myths surrounding accessibility testing, and a set of automated tools to support this testing. Join Anish to learn about the Section 508 standards and how to test for web accessibility using screen readers and open source tools. Experience screen reader technology on both an accessible and non-accessible site. Learn how your test team can be advocates of accessible websites throughout the project lifecycle and add accessibility testing to your testing capabilities.
This document discusses key human factors to consider for designing human-computer interfaces. It covers understanding how people interact with computers by examining why they have trouble, how they respond to poor design, and their tasks. It also covers important human characteristics in design such as perception, memory, and individual differences. The goal is to understand users and design intuitive, usable systems.
User Interface Design - Module 1 IntroductionbrindaN
User Interface Design - Module 1 Introduction
Subject Code:15CS832 USER INTERFACE DESIGN VTU UNIVERSITY
Referred Text Book: The Essential Guide to User Interface Design (Second Edition) Author: Wilbert O. Galitz
HCI 3e - Ch 14: Communication and collaboration modelsAlan Dix
Chapter 14: Communication and collaboration models
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
This document provides an overview of the subject of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It discusses the historical evolution of HCI from early computers to modern interfaces. It also covers key concepts like interactive system design, usability engineering, and the relationship between HCI and software engineering. The document outlines several topics that are important to HCI like GUI design, prototyping techniques, and research areas in HCI including ubiquitous computing and embedded systems.
The document discusses code instrumentation and its importance. It provides three types of instrumentation: 1) Adding trace information, 2) Adding debug information, and 3) Adding performance counters. It emphasizes that instrumentation makes code easier to debug, tune, and maintain over time. It notes that production code should always have instrumentation enabled via configuration settings. Overall, the document promotes instrumentation as a best practice for monitoring code behavior and performance.
Human computer interaction-web interface design and mobile eco systemN.Jagadish Kumar
This document discusses various contextual tools and patterns that support virtual pages for designing rich web user interfaces.
It begins by explaining different types of contextual tools like always-visible tools, hover-reveal tools, toggle-reveal tools, and multi-level tools. It then discusses overlays and inlays, describing dialog, detail, and input overlays as well as dialog, list, and detail inlays.
Finally, it covers patterns that support virtual pages like virtual scrolling, inline paging, scrolled paging, panning, and zoomable user interfaces. Virtual scrolling creates the illusion of a larger page by dynamically loading more content as the user scrolls. Inline paging updates only part of
HCI 3e - Ch 6: HCI in the software processAlan Dix
Chapter 6: HCI in the software process
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
This document summarizes key aspects of human psychology relevant to designing interactive systems. It covers the human senses of vision, hearing, touch, and movement. It also discusses memory, including sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. It describes different types of reasoning like deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. It discusses problem solving approaches and sources of human error. It also outlines theories of emotion and individual differences in human capabilities. The document stresses applying psychological principles in context and understanding experimental conditions when designing interactive systems.
This document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI) from the perspective of a student group consisting of Buwenaka, Piyumika, Thilan, Sachith, and Nuwan. It defines HCI as the discipline concerned with designing, evaluating, and implementing interactive computing systems for human use. The document discusses key aspects of HCI like the importance of understanding how humans and computers interact, defining user interfaces, principles of HCI design, the history and importance of HCI, and different types of user interfaces.
Nielsen’s heuristics are 10 principles for evaluating the usability of website interfaces, created by computer scientist Jakob Nielsen in 1990. These principles define important points in the composition of interfaces and should be considered when creating layouts.
The 10 principals are as follows:
1.Visibility of System Status
2.Match between System and the Real World
3.User Control and Freedom
4.Consistency and Standards
5.Error Prevention
6.Recognition Rather Than Recall
7.Flexibility and Efficiency of Use
8.Aesthetic and Minimalist Design
9.Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover from Errors
10.Help and Documentation
Face to Face Communication and Text Based Communication in HCIAbdullah Khosa
This document compares face-to-face communication and text-based communication. Face-to-face communication involves non-verbal cues like body language, eye contact, and gestures that aid in conveying meaning. It allows for more natural turn-taking and feedback. However, text-based communication lacks these cues and is more important for self-esteem. While text is less engaging, it is more efficient in terms of speed and saves time compared to face-to-face interaction.
This document discusses bad design and provides examples. It defines bad design as products whose design is not adapted to users, tasks, or environments. Examples given include a symmetric knife with indistinguishable blade sides, USB ports with no sense of proper orientation, and doors that open in both directions posing collision risks. The document outlines consequences of bad design like increased costs and user security problems and concludes that bad design can be reduced by following human factors and user-centered design principles.
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field of study focusing on the design of computer technology and, in particular, the interaction between humans (the users) and computers. While initially concerned with computers, HCI has since expanded to cover almost all forms of information technology design
In this session we’ll leave the need for performance a foregone conclusion and take a whirlwind tour through the complexity of modern Internet architectures. The complexities lead to evil optimization problems and significant challenges troubleshooting production issues to a speedy and successful end.
Starting with the simple facts that you can’t fix what you can’t see and you can’t improve what you can’t measure, we’ll discuss what needs monitoring and why. We’ll talk about unlikely allies in the fight for time and budget to instrument systems, applications and processes for observability.
You’ll leave the session with a better understanding of what it looks like to troubleshoot the storm of a malfunctioning large architecture and some tools and techniques you can use to not be swallowed by the Kraken.
what is user support system???
This file will provide detailed overview about the user support system and how it will works in human computer interaction and why we need it .....
The document outlines a multi-month implementation plan for a BI project with the following key stages:
1) Preparation and Planning in Month 1 involving prioritization, hardware installation, staffing, and software procurement.
2) ETL development from Month 1-3 involving requirement analysis, design, development and testing of the ETL processes.
3) Initial deployment from Month 2-3 setting up the metadata framework and data governance with report reductions.
4) Ongoing development from Month 4-10 involving further report reductions, incremental deployments, building the data library and dashboards. Headcount savings also take effect during this stage.
5) Long term operations starting from Month 11 involving targeting
A machine learning and data science pipeline for real companiesDataWorks Summit
Comcast is one of the largest cable and telecommunications providers in the country built on decades of mergers, acquisitions, and subscriber growth. The success of our company depends on keeping our customers happy and how quickly we can pivot with changing trends and new technologies. Data abounds within our internal data centers and edge networks as well as both the private and public cloud across multiple vendors.
Within such an environment and given such challenges, how do we get AI, machine learning, and data science platforms built so our company can respond to the market, predict our customers’ needs and create new revenue generating products that delight our customers? If you don’t happen to be our friends and colleagues at Google, Facebook, and Amazon, what are technologies, strategies, and toolkits you can employ to bring together disparate data sets and quickly get them into the hands of your data scientists and then into your own production systems for use by your customers and business partners?
We’ll explore our journey and evolution and look at specific technologies and decisions that have gotten us to where we are today and demo how our platform works.
Speaker
Ray Harrison, Comcast, Enterprise Architect
Prashant Khanolkar, Comcast, Principal Architect Big Data
Connecting the dots mbse process dec02 2015loydbakerjr
Loyd Baker presented on connecting dots in the MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering) process. He discussed how systems engineering projects traditionally managed information across documents, which lacked consistency and traceability. The emerging MBSE approach promotes data-model centric processes over document-centric ones. Baker explained how models provide benefits like improved communication, traceability, and validation compared to documents. He outlined an example MBSE process that could be applied to projects using modeling notations in Cradle to iteratively develop requirements, logical architectures, physical architectures, and integrate models at different levels.
The document summarizes key concepts in software architecture design, including execution architecture views, code architecture views, component and connector views, architectural styles, and archetypes. It defines execution views as showing how functional components map to runtime entities and how communication is handled. Code views map runtime entities to deployment components. Component and connector views define elements, relations, and properties using styles like pipe-and-filter. Archetypes are universal patterns that recur in business domains and software systems.
An introductory guide to the use of the KADS method in building Knowledge Based Systems. The book includes: introduction to KADS; explanation of KADS Analysis and Design activities and results with use of examples; and libraries of models and other applications.
The document discusses the design phase of the system development life cycle. It describes the objectives and steps of the design phase, which include presenting design alternatives, converting logical models to physical models, designing the system architecture, making hardware and software selections, and designing inputs, outputs, data storage, and programs. Common design strategies like custom development, packaged systems, and outsourcing are also covered. The document then explains various system design methods and the stages of system design, including logical, physical, and program design. Finally, it discusses avoiding common design mistakes.
Many organizations engage in initiatives to develop elaborate reference architectures, patterns and governance processes in an attempt to optimize their enterprise. They put significant effort into the upfront guidance of development teams, and then find themselves challenged to understand how closely an architecture matches the approved approach after the projects complete. Organizations must take a new approach to this problem!
Database Performance monitoring tool for Microsoft SQL Server 2005 & 2008 (included in "SQL Server 2008 R2 Unleashed" best-selling book), Sybase ASE 11.5 to 15.5 and Oracle 8i to 11g.
Software design for scientific applicationsPriyanka Lal
The document discusses challenges in designing and distributing scientific software. It notes that distributing software widely can strengthen research programs through collaboration and contribution to the scientific community. However, software development faces challenges including managing expectations from multiple stakeholders, integrating work from students and researchers with different priorities, and ensuring software is portable, extensible and high quality. The document recommends approaches like component design to construct applications from reusable parts, careful interface design for usability and interoperability, and adopting some basic quality practices from software engineering to improve research software.
The document discusses reference architectures, including what they are, how they are used, and benefits. Some key points:
- A reference architecture provides standardized guidelines and patterns to reduce project setup time and costs while increasing quality.
- An example project at AstraZeneca saw a 5x return on investment in the reference architecture by reducing rework and discussions.
- Both external and internal reference architectures are described. The external defines overall structure while the internal specifies subsystems, layers, patterns, and tools.
- Reference architectures guide various roles in analyzing, designing, and implementing applications according to the standardized approach. This cuts time spent on architectural discussions and infrastructure issues.
- Multiple internal reference architectures may
This document contains a summary of Prashant Patel's work experience and qualifications. He has over 9 years of experience developing web and desktop applications using technologies like C#, ASP.NET, SQL Server and the .NET framework. Some of the projects he has worked on include developing workflow management systems for Xerox and a new account management system for TD Bank. He also has experience leading a team to develop an intelligent document processing platform.
This document proposes SEASIDE, a systematic methodology for developing Internet-based self-services (ISS) from analysis through deployment. SEASIDE leverages enterprise architectures, model-driven development, MVC patterns, and platform as a service. It was applied to develop an ITIL incident management service as a case study. SEASIDE increases traceability, consistency, and reduces complexity of ISS development.
SQL Shot is a unique highly graphic oriented performance and tuning for Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase ASE and Oracle Database isolating any performance issue in seconds.
In the new era of digitalization, there is an ever-growing need for design and production processes capable of increasing systems quality, reducing risks and the chance of errors, while, at the same me, reducing overall production costs. Nowadays, more and more systems design scenarios comprise a high number of domains.
However, the underlying tool landscape is still dominated by closed ecosystems, resulting in the design data remaining in separate silos. To effectively deal with novel, massively diverse yet interconnected engineering scenarios, while also considering industrial sustainability and the well-being of the future digital society, we have to propose new ways to look at the digital thread, supporting every phase of a digital engineering lifecycle, while turning the siloed multi-domain engineering data into a holistic, accessible and globally analyzable digital thread.
The document discusses software architecture, including its definition, types of architectures, views, and documentation. It defines software architecture as the fundamental organization of a system, including its components, relationships, and design principles. The document outlines different types of architectures like business, technical, and enterprise architectures. It also discusses common architecture views used in frameworks like RUP, RM-ODP, and DODAF. Finally, it covers architecture documentation and modeling techniques.
How can Oracle Forms (or other legacy) applications be modernized to fit in a contemporary IT architecture? Trends, concepts and technologies are discussed.
The Role of a Systems Architect. Paul Booth, Senior Consultant. IT Architecture & Strategy. paul_booth@uk.ibm.com. 01256 344774. What is a Systems Architect ...
Join us on Wednesday, October 19th, for our webinar, "What Comes After MBSE?" SPEC Innovations President and Founder, Dr. Steven Dam, will discuss the future of our industry. Since 2007, the focus has been moving from document-based systems engineering to model-based systems engineering (MBSE). With our ever-changing industry and the update to SysML V2, we believe there will be a massive move toward more data-driven systems engineering.
Dr. Dam will dive deeper into the past and present of Systems Engineering, and how this will take us into the future of Data-Driven Systems Engineering. He will share how SPEC Innovations is currently moving into this trend using Innoslate and its power of migration. There will be a time in the end for questions, so bring any you may have with you.
We know change can be intimidating. The coming release of SysML V2 can seem intimidating, as it is a product of 70 organizations and 170 people collaborating. Join us for our next webinar, “Dissecting SysML V2,” with Systems Engineer, Lilleigh Stevie. We will look closely at the next generation of OMG’s modeling language by covering its background, purpose and objectives, KerML, familiar and new concepts, pilot implementation, and where this will take us in the future. There will be a designated time at the end for questions, so bring any you may have with you. Register today and we will see you there!
Does your product or system meet the requirements? Find out in this webinar. Your host will discuss a verification and validation process that has worked for hundreds of our clients to answer this question. Then you will learn how to use a model-based systems engineering tool, Innoslate, to develop your own V&V process document. Then your host will dive into Test Center. Test Center allows for easy test case capture and traceability to requirements and provides the ability to run test cases within one easy-to-use view.
This webinar will cover:
1. V&V process
2. Test Center
3. Documents View
4. Traceability Matrix
Watch recording here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3h9BYZv54s4
Throughout the lifecycle, you will be performing a configuration management process. A configuration management process should store, track, and update all data related to the system or product. The key to configuration management is taking a data-driven approach. This in turn will reduce your lifecycle’s overall risk and increase maintainability. Your host will go over a quick summary of configuration management before diving into how you can do this in the model-based systems engineering tool, Innoslate.
• Importing configuration management guidelines developing
• Using Workflows for Configuration Management
• Baselining documents
• Changing reports with Innoslate’s data history feature
• Implementing Model-Based Reviews
• Managing complex data
How to Develop and Simulate Models with No Coding ExperienceElizabeth Steiner
The document summarizes a webinar on how to develop and simulate models with no coding experience. It discusses using functional analysis and risk analysis to derive requirements. It also describes how to add cost elements and human factors to simulations in Innoslate and Sopatra. The webinar demonstrates building action diagrams to model functionality and linking models to other tools like MATLAB and STK for co-simulation.
SPEC Innovations is starting its “How To MBSE” series this February 17th at 11:00 am ET. The series will begin with “How to Write Requirements.” Your host, Dr. Steven Dam, will discuss:
1. Gathering your requirements
2. Baselining and change management
3. Using AI to manage quality in your requirements
4. Checking for risk in your requirements
5. Adding relationships (traced, verified, and satisfied)
6. Creating reports and matrices
This webinar is perfect if you are just learning to write requirements or are a seasoned requirements developer and want to learn how to utilize software tools and artificial intelligence to improve your requirements. Either way, you will learn a lot in this 45-minute webinar. Stay for the Q&A to ask Dr. Dam your questions.
The “How to MBSE” series will continue with these webinars:
March 24th 2022, 11:00 am ET - “How to Develop and Simulate Models (with no coding experience!)”
https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/4521555073189509390
April 13, 2022, 11:00 am ET - “How to Perform Configuration Management”
May 26, 2022, 11:00 am ET – “How to Verify and Validate a System or Process”
June 21, 2022, 11:00 am ET - “How to Develop a Program Management Plan”
The document summarizes a demonstration of a digital thread for engineering a lunar rover prototype using Innoslate's systems engineering tools. It describes 4 tasks: research and design, building the prototype, testing it, and demonstrating the digital thread. Key activities included designing the rover, 3D printing components, assembling the prototype called SPECTER, simulating its mission in STK and MATLAB, and validating it meets requirements. The digital thread integrated models, documents, simulations, code, and tests to engineer a prototype lunar rover from concept to testing.
Innoslate, a model-based systems engineering solution, was developed in 2013 and is used by thousands of engineers, analysts, and program managers today. We’re now making another major feature release with Innoslate 4.5. Innoslate users can now utilize project management features such as Kanban boards, branching and forking, calendar, and timeline diagrams!
Did we mention, this fall we’re also releasing a brand new MBSE tool specifically designed for Standard Operating Procedures? That’s right, Sopatra, uses Natural Language Processing to turn SOP text into executable models. Learn how you can reduce cost and risk, while increasing the success of your operations by using Sopatra’s unique algorithms.
Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw-ge_ZHo6s
A Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach to Portfolio ManagementElizabeth Steiner
Learn about the importance of The Lifecycle Modeling Language (LML) to portfolio management. LML provides an open standard ontology and diagram framework that enables more effective communications to all stakeholders in the acquisition process.
Innoslate® implements and extends LML making Innoslate easier to learn and adopt than any other tool available today in the program management and systems engineering domains. You will also learn how Innoslate is built on a modular open systems approach (MOSA) architecture and can be easily integrated with other modern tools. This webinar will also include a sneak preview of Innoslate 4.5's program management features.
This webinar is going to cover what is a digital twin and how all stakeholders can benefit from their functionality. You will learn how model-based systems engineering enables digital engineering. Your host will discuss use cases, a realistic look at digital engineering and digital twins, and how you can use Innoslate to get started.
The Agenda
Here's what we're covering.
What is a Digital Twin
Benefits of Digital Twin
The Digital Engineering Path Enabled by MBSE
AR + MBSE Software
A More Realistic Digital Twin
Getting You Started with Digital Twins
Question Answer Session
- Innoslate is a cloud-native, model-based systems engineering software that supports requirements management, modeling, simulation, and verification and validation.
- It aims to improve upon traditional systems engineering tools by offering easier usability, integrated simulation capabilities, lifecycle management support, and real-time collaboration features.
- Key capabilities include real-time collaboration, discrete event and Monte Carlo simulation integrated with models, scalability tested up to millions of entities and thousands of users, and full lifecycle management across requirements, modeling, testing and documentation.
This document provides an overview of a webinar on using Innoslate for requirements management. The webinar agenda includes where requirements come from, what makes a good requirement, the difference between requirements management and analysis, and a live demonstration of Innoslate's features to support requirements analysts and managers. Key Innoslate features that support requirements management and analysis are highlighted.
See the major new features and improvements in Innoslate 4.3. The latest version of Innoslate has two brand new diagrams Interface Control Diagram (ICD) and a Risk Burndown Chart. You asked and we delivered; a ReqIF Import and Export. We've also added that Cross Project Entities will be visual noticeable in all views with a new purple symbol indicator, dashed purple lines, or purple background color. Now search has been redesigned for a more flexible user experience. All entity’s attributes can now be searched as well as searching by entity id, relationship name, and attribute name. Dr. Dam will demonstrate best practices for using all the new diagrams, features, and even some of the improvements. Stay for the question and answer session to ask any or all your questions. We look forward to having you there!
This is a perfect webinar for professors and students of systems engineering seeking to improve their academic research and professional expertise.
SPEC Innovations is dedicated to advancing the systems engineering academic community. Our engineers designed Innoslate to improve academic research and help professors expand model-based systems engineering to a new generation of students. See what benefits you have using Innoslate for Aacademia with this webinar.
Take a trip into the history and future of systems engineering to better understand how we can improve the discipline.
Your host, Dr. Steve Dam, discusses where systems engineering came from and where it is going. He includes discussions on how:
- complexity has changed our methodology
- systems engineering languages have evolved
- technology improvements enable better systems engineering
Using Innoslate for Model-Based Systems EngineeringElizabeth Steiner
Dr. Steve Dam will walk you through the process of using Innoslate’s modeling and simulation capabilities while applying a MBSE methodology.
At its core, Innoslate is a full model-based systems engineering tool. Within Innoslate, system models are formalized and capable of simulation to derive cost, schedule, and performance data.
Your webinar will cover:
Functional modeling
Functional modeling is at the heart of how Innoslate derives new requirements and ensures logical accuracy.
Physical modeling
We can describe synthesizing the physical model in Innoslate with eight different diagrams, including the Asset Diagram, Layer Diagram, Block Definition Diagram, and Internal Block Diagram.
Executing a model
Innoslate includes a ‘Discrete Event Simulator’ to verify functional diagram’s logic, calculate cost, compute time, and quantify performance.
Relating Requirements to Diagrams
Requirements traceability ensures that the lifecycle and origin of a requirement is fully tracked. Innoslate includes relationship matrices to represent traceability relationships between entities in tabular view.
Requirements Generation
After modeling the system, often an engineer will derive textual requirements from the models by hand. Innoslate includes an automatic facility that generates requirements documents in a standard format (as outlined in “The Engineering Design of Systems: Models and Methods“).
Learn how you can use Innoslate throughout the entire lifecycle of a product or system. Dr. Steven Dam, expert systems engineer, will discuss the different phases of the lifecycle from conception to disposal. He'll show you how you can use Innoslate for requirements management, modeling, simulation, and testing.
Improve Product Design with High Quality RequirementsElizabeth Steiner
The webinar discussed improving product design through high quality requirements. It emphasized the importance of understanding stakeholders, determining real needs through concept of operations documents, writing specific but not overly specific requirements, including traceability, and using tools to automatically check requirements quality. The presenter demonstrated Innoslate's requirements management tools.
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) has many definitions, but do they really look at all the needs across the lifecycle? Are the commonly listed domains (Systems Engineering, Program Management, Product Design, Process Management for Manufacturing and Product Data Management) enough? This webinar helps define PLM in more depth and applies model-based systems engineering (MBSE) techniques and tools to show how to improve your PLM practice. It will include a demonstration of how Innoslate meets and exceeds the requirements for a PLM tool.
Everyone talks about "data-centricity," but what does that mean in practical terms. It means that you have to have a well defined ontology that can capture the information needed to describe the architecture or system you work with or want to create. An ontology is simply the taxonomy of entity classes (bins of information) and how those classes are related to each other. In this webinar, we will discuss a relatively new ontology, the Lifecycle Modeling Language (LML). LML provides the basis for Innoslate's database schema. In this webinar, we will discuss each entity class and why it was developed. Dr. Steven Dam, who is the Secretary of the LML Steering Committee, will present the details of the language and how it relates to other ontologies/languages, such as the DoDAF MetaModel 2.0 and SysML. He will also discuss the ways to visualize this information to enhance understanding of the information and how to use that information to make decisions about the architecture or system.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Knowledge-Based Analysis and Design (KBAD): An Approach to Rapid Systems Engineering for the Lifecycle
1. Systems and Proposal Engineering Company
“A methodology for rapid, cost-
effective system engineering
and architecture development”
Knowledge-Based Analysis and
Design (KBAD): An Approach to
Rapid Systems Engineering for the
Lifecycle
2. Overview of presentation
• Why yet another “methodology?”
• What is KBAD?
• What theory underlies KBAD?
• What kind of tools work with KBAD?
• What process does KBAD implement?
• What kind of people do we need to execute
KBAD?
• How do we move from drawing pictures to
building a knowledgebase?
2
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
3. Why Yet Another Methodology?
• We have the DoD Architecture Framework …
– But DoDAF isn’t a methodology, its just a description of
necessary products
• We have UML …
– But UML is only a software engineering technique. You
have to come up with the process and tools for
implementing it
• We now have SysML …
– But SySML is just another technique and still needs more
definition to create complete, executable designs
• What’s missing?
– A complete, coherent technique, process, and tool set
that results in a knowledge base that can be used for full
lifecycle decision making
3
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
4. Knowledge-Based Analysis and
Design
• KBAD combines system engineering and program
management disciplines to enable the development
of a knowledgebase that can enable cost-effective
decision making
• KBAD spans the acquisition lifecycle enabling
support for design, development, integration, test,
operations and sustainment
• KBAD focuses on using a variety of techniques and
tools, brought together in a common database using
special software to migrate data between tools
4
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
5. Knowledge-Based Analysis and
Design
5
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
• The KBAD process links the technique and tools together in an
executable, cost-effective way to support decision making at
all levels
• KBAD reduces costs and increases speed of delivery by
simplifying the data captured and focusing on the analyses
needed for design.
• The result: a knowledge-base for decision making.
6. What makes up KBAD?
• Technique
– Modified Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE)
• Process
– SPEC Innovations’ Middle-Out Process for Architecture
Development and System Engineering
• Tools
– A variety of COTS tools tailored to the MBSE modifications
and special needs of DoDAF
• People
– Trained, experienced professionals who bring a wealth of
different backgrounds and knowledge in architecture,
system engineering, modeling & simulation, physics,
computer science, test & evaluation, operations & support
6
KBAD was
developed over
the past 15 years
and brings
lessons learned
from those years
of experience.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
7. The technique: refined MBSE
• Various forms of model-based system engineering
have been developed
• SPEC Innovations uses the one developed by TRW in
the late 1960s, which has been successfully used
since then
• SPEC Innovations has refined this technique by
simplifying the information collected (entities,
relationships and attributes) and adding a number of
key elements missing from the original development
• In addition, we are looking at the necessary logical
constructs and simplifying them
7
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
8. AND
3.1.1
Produce Collision and
Crash Avoidance Data
System Function
3.1.2
Carry-out Safety
Analysis
System Function
3.1.3
Process Vehicle
On-board Data
System Function
AND
collision_data
Digital
safety_data
Digital
vehicle_action_
requests
Digital
position_
warnings
Digital
emergency_
vehicle_priority
Digital
intersection_
collision_
avoidance_data
Digital
safety_
warnings
Digital
vehicle_and_
driver_safety_
status
Digitalfbv-vehicle_
data
Digital
vehicle_
location_for_
probe_data
Digital
roadway_and_
obsticle_data
Digital
fov-safety_
msg_data_
from_other_v...
Digital
tag_numbers
Digital
vehicle_status_
data
Digital
vehicle_traffic_
probe_data
Digital
tov-safety_
msg_data_to_
other_vehicles
Digital
Date:
Thursday, February 07, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number:
3.1
Name:
Monitor Vehicle Status
MBSE Models
8
1. Logical architecture
(behavior) model
• Functional sequencing
• Data flow and size
• Resource model
• Evolution in time
2. Physical architecture
(asset) model
• Interface definition
(bandwidth and latency)
• Actions allocated to
Assets
• Data allocated to
interfaces
VS-MCVS Interface
RS-MCVS Interface
83
Maintenance and
Construction Vehicle
System
20
Vehicle
System
13
Roadway Subsystem
Subsystem
Date:
Friday, February 08, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number: Name:
MCVS Subsystem
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
9. Models are based on language
9
Language
Elements
English
Equivalent
KBAD Schema Example
Element • Statement
• Action
• Asset
• ...
Noun
Relationship • Statement is the basis of an Action
• An Action is performed by an Asset
• ...
Verb
Attribute • Description
• Type (e.g., Operational Activity is a type of
Action
• ...
Adjective
Attribute of
Relationship
• amount of Resource consumed by an Action
• acquire available (hold partial) Resource for
Action
• ...
Adverb
• Graphic Views: Behavior, Hierarchies, Physical
Block
Graphics/D
rawings
Structure Enables
Executability
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
10. We modified Vitech’s schema
10
KBAD Element CORE Elements Rationale
Action Function/Operational Activity Provide overall class for actions
Artifact Document Recognized not just documents
Asset Component/Operational Element Provide overall class for assets
Characteristic type of Requirement Way to capture metrics and other
characteristics of an element
Cost attribute of Component Broadens capture of costs
Input/Output Item/Operational Information Clearer name
Issue Issue Same
Link Link/Needline Provide overall class for transmission
Location none Captures geolocation information
Risk Risk Same
Statement type of Requirement Clearer name
Time attribute of Function Broadens capture of times
The goal was to simplify and clarify the language.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
11. We related all the KBAD schema elements
11
Reduced number of elements from 21* to 12, while adding time, location and cost
*CORE’s DoDAF schema
Action Cost Characteristic Artifact Asset Input/Output Link Statement Issue Risk Time Location
CORE
Equivalent
DoDAF Equivalent
Action decomposed by incurs specified by documented by
performed by
utilizes
inputs
outputs
triggered by
- based on generates resolves occurs located at Function
Operational Activity/
System Function
Cost incurred by decomposed by specified by documented by incurred by incurred by incurred by based on generates incurred by occurs located at New N/A
Characteristic specifies specifies decomposed by documented by specifies specifies specifies based on generates causes occurs located at New N/A
Artifact documents documents documents decomposed by documents documents documents source of generates causes occurs located at Document N/A
Asset
performs
utilized by
incurs specified by documented by decomposed by - connected by based on generates causes occurs located at Component
Operational Node/
System Node
Input/Output
input to
output from
triggers
incurs specified by documented by - decomposed by transferred by based on generates causes occurs located at Item
Operational
Information/Data
Link - incurs specified by documented by connects transfers decomposed by based on generates causes occurs located at Link Needline/Interface
Statement basis of basis of basis of stated in basis of basis of basis of decomposed by generates causes occurs located at Requirement N/A
Issue generated by generated by generated by documented by generated by generated by generated by generated by decomposed by causes occurs located at Issue N/A
Risk
caused by
resolved by
incurs caused by documented by caused by caused by caused by caused by caused by decomposed by occurs located at Risk N/A
Time occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by occurred by decomposed by located at New N/A
Location locates locates locates locates locates locates locates locates locates locates occurs decomposed by New N/A
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
12. A key attribute – type
• We added a “type” attribute to all classes
• Each “type” attribute contains different
designators for the parent class
• Examples:
– Assets can have types that include:
• Operational Node, System, Component, Resource,
Subsystem, System of Systems, Component, …
– Actions can have types that include:
• Operational Activity, System Function, Task, Mission, …
• You can expand these lists to characterize
anything in that class
• When we display the element, we use the type
12
Using the type
attribute we reduce
the complexity and
ease changes
in perspective from
requirements
to implementation.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
13. Benefits of the KBAD Schema
• Reducing the number of primary data elements
means less complexity for analysts to deal with
– Less complexity enables quicker capture and
presentation of the information for analysis and
decision making
• Covers programmatic, as well as technical,
elements of information
– Enables the trade off between cost, schedule and
performance necessary for good design and decision
making
• Eliminates overlap between similar data
elements
– Reduces potential for duplication of information which
cuts the time and cost of data gathering
13
The result is a more
cost-effective means for
describing an
architecture or system
design.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
14. MBSE Describes Behavior
• Typical data/activity modeling
only works in the data
dimension (e.g. IDEF0 or Data
Flow Diagrams)
• For simple systems with
sequential flow, this is
sufficient
• However, for more complex
systems, which all architecture
are, it can be very misleading
• We need to be able to predict
how system will behave
14
“3”-Dimensions of
Behavior Analysis
FunctionalSequencing
Time
Data Flow
Architecture
Behavior
Architecture
Behavior
The missing dimensions:
resources, physical sizes of
data and interfaces
OV-5
SV-4
OV-6
SV-10
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
15. Why is sequencing important?
• In software the mantra is: data, data, data
– Why? Because a tremendous amount of software
programming has to do with input/output, hence the need
to understand the data very well
– The functional sequencing for individual software modules is
relatively simple and many algorithms exist for complex
methods (e.g., sorting algorithms)
• In architecture development (or system engineering or
business process modeling …) sequencing is actually more
important than the data
– We want to know how the data affects the functional
sequencing – we call these triggers
– We want to control the behavior to avoid having significant
failures
– We also need sequencing for the human side
15
Hence the real
answer is we
need both if we
are to develop
systems and
services with
predictable
behavior.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
17. Simplified KBAD Constructs
SEQUENTIAL
CONCURRENT (And)
DECISION POINT (Exclusive OR)
REPLICATE
Action A Action B
+
/Action A
(Decision Point)
Action B
Action C
Path1
Path 2
Action A
Action B
LOOP (or Iterate)
Action B
Action A
Range
with coordination
for n Instances of
Action A
Action A Action C
(Exit Criteria)
Action C
(Synch Point)
Action A
Action A(1)
Range
Action A(2)
Action A(n)
Range
1 to n (iterate)
Until r < z (loop)
18. AND
3.1.1
Produce Collision and
Crash Avoidance Data
System Function
3.1.2
Carry-out Safety
Analysis
System Function
3.1.3
Process Vehicle
On-board Data
System Function
AND
Date:
Thursday, February 07, 2...
Author:
Administrator
Number:
3.1
Name:
Monitor Vehicle Status
One diagram gives many products
18
position_warnings
vehicle_action_
requests
safety_warnings
vehicle_and_
driver_safety_
status
tov-safety_msg_
data_to_other_
vehicles
vehicle_status_
data
vehicle_traffic_...
emergency_
vehicle_priority
intersection_
collision_
avoidance_data
3.1.1
Produce Collision and
Crash Avoidance Data
collision_data
3.1.2
Carry-out Safety
Analysis
safety_data
fbv-vehicle_data
fov-safety_msg_
data_from_othe...
roadway_and_...
tag_numbers
vehicle_location...
3.1.3
Process Vehicle
On-board Data
Date:
Thursday, February 07, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number:
3.1
Name:
Monitor Vehicle Status
3.1
Monitor Vehicle Status
Operational Activity
3.1.1
Produce Collision and
Crash Avoidance Data
System Function
3.1.2
Carry-out Safety
Analysis
System Function
3.1.3
Process Vehicle
On-board Data
System Function
Date:
Thursday, February 07, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number:
3.1
Name:
Monitor Vehicle Status
IDEF0:
lacks
constructs
N2 Chart:
lacks
constructs
Hierarchy: only
parent to child
FFBD:
lacks
dataText
EFFBD:
complete and
executable
OV-6c;
SV-10c
OV-5; SV-4
AND
3.1.1
Produce Collision and
Crash Avoidance Data
System Function
3.1.2
Carry-out Safety
Analysis
System Function
3.1.3
Process Vehicle
On-board Data
System Function
AND
collision_data
Digital
safety_data
Digital
vehicle_action_
requests
Digital
position_
warnings
Digital
emergency_
vehicle_priority
Digital
intersection_
collision_
avoidance_data
Digital
safety_
warnings
Digital
vehicle_and_
driver_safety_
status
Digitalfbv-vehicle_
data
Digital
vehicle_
location_for_
probe_data
Digital
roadway_and_
obsticle_data
Digital
fov-safety_
msg_data_
from_other_v...
Digital
tag_numbers
Digital
vehicle_status_
data
Digital
vehicle_traffic_
probe_data
Digital
tov-safety_
msg_data_to_
other_vehicles
Digital
Date:
Thursday, February 07, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number:
3.1
Name:
Monitor Vehicle Status
vehicle_traffic_probe_data
vehicle_status_data
vehicle_location_for_probe_data
vehicle_and_driver_safety_status
vehicle_action_requests
tov-safety_msg_data_to_other_vehicles
tag_numbers
safety_warnings
safety_data
roadway_and_obsticle_data
position_warningsintersection_collision_avoidance_data
fov-safety_msg_data_from_other_vehicles
fbv-vehicle_data
emergency_vehicle_priority
collision_data
3.1.1
Produce Collision
and Crash
Avoidance Data
3.1.2
Carry-out Safety
Analysis
3.1.3
Process Vehicle
On-board Data
Date:
Thursday, February 07, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number:
3.1
Name:
Monitor Vehicle Status
OV-5; SV-4
19. MBSE also diagrams the physical
elements
19
Physical Hierarchy
Physical Block
Diagram
VS-MCVS Interface
RS-MCVS Interface
83
Maintenance and
Construction Vehicle
System
20
Vehicle
System
13
Roadway Subsystem
Subsystem
Date:
Friday, February 08, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number: Name:
MCVS Subsystem
MCVS Subsystem
Subsystem
13
Roadway Subsystem
Subsystem
20
Vehicle
System
83
Maintenance and
Construction Vehicle
System
Date:
Friday, February 08, 2008
Author:
Administrator
Number: Name:
MCVS Subsystem
OV-2; SV-1; SV-2
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
20. Traceability is a key to success
documents documents documents documents documents
allocated to causes causes results in results in results in results in
Public Roads
July/August 2007
White Paper
A
Automated ITS
Project
Program
Automated Intelligent
Transportation
System Context
Architecture
Loss of Privacy
Other
Potential Resistance
by Organizations
Other
PR.1
Need for protected,
dedicated lanes?
S.1
Single car enters
roadway
Operational Activity
PR.2
Driver acceptance?
S.6
Single car traveling
sudden obstacle
Operational Activity
PR.3
Vehicle and highway
systems that operate
at a higher level of
reliability and perfo...
S.14
Worst case scenario
Operational Activity
PR.4
Increased liability for
manufacturers and
owner/ operators of
automated systems?
Proposed Liability
Legislation
Policy
PR
S
ch
S.
M
in
O
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
20
21. 21
Current tools support the technique and process
Software Design
Tools
(e.g. Rational Suite)
Test & Evaluation
Tools (e.g. M&S)
Operations &
Support Tools
(e.g. BPEL)
Requirements
Analysis Tools
(e.g. DOORS)
Functional
Analysis Tools
(e.g. Rational System
Architect)
Program
Management Tools
(e.g. MS Project)
Hardware Design
Tools (e.g. CAD)
Most Programs
Require Tools in
All These
Domains, but …
… they do not
interoperate
well together. SPEC Innovations’ KBAD methodology uses
CORE and MD Workbench to provide the
underlying tool interoperability.
CORE®
MD Workbench
PowerPoint
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
22. Tools used: CORE
• CORE's system engineering
tools maintain an integrated
design repository that provides
traceability between
requirements, functional
models and system design
elements
• CORE's database schema may
be modified to customize the
tool to support customer needs
and facilitate tool integration
• Executable diagrams
• Special schemas and reports
• Powerful scripting language for
your own report generation
22
www.vitechcorp.com
Version 7.0 released with new SysML
representations.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
23. Tools used: MD Workbench
Eclipse-based IDE for code generation
and model transformation, devoted to
implementing MDA/MDE strategies. It
provides:
– code generation (via text template
engine and optionally Java)
– model manipulation through
dedicated languages
– (imperative rules, declarative ATL
modules to support QVT
transformations, Java)
– model and metamodel management,
including UML support
– customizable model connectors (XMI
1.0 to 2.1, XML, Hibernate, COM, etc.)
23
http://www.mdworkbench.com
A great way to move data
between different tools.
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
24. Tools used: MS PowerPoint
Voice Request
to SL Assistant
SL Assistant Calls Non SL
Assistant
Pages Non SL
Informing a SL is
Calling
Accepts Call from SL
over non secure line
Non SL Assistant
receives call from
SL Assistant
Hello Mr.
President
25. SPEC Innovations processes – full
lifecycle
25
Architecture
Development
System
Design
Hardware/Software
Acquisition
Integration
and Test
Operational
T&E and
Transition
Future
Operations and
Maintenance
Demolition
and
Disposal
Program
Management
Current
Operations and
Maintenance
Design&Analysis
Integration&Verification
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
26. Design and analysis phase
26
Architecture
Development
System
Design
Hardware/Software
Acquisition
Integration
and Test
Operational
T&E and
Transition
Future
Operations and
Support
Demolition
and
Disposal
Program
Management
Current
Operations and
Support
Design&Analysis
Requirements
Analysis
Functional
Analysis and
Allocation
Synthesis
System Analysis
and Control
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
27. SPEC Innovations’ middle-out process
27
Requirements
Analysis
Functional
Analysis and
Allocation
Synthesis
System Analysis
and Control
Bottom
Up
Top Down
M
iddle Out
Best Use:
“Classical SE”
Best Use: Reverse
Engineering (As-Is)
Best Use:
Architecture
Development
(To-Be)
Adapted from EIA-632
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
28. Middle-out timeline with products
28
15. Conduct Trade-off Analyses
1. Capture and Analyze Related Documents
4. Capture Constraints
3. Identify Existing/Planned Systems
2. Identify Assumptions
8. Derive System Elements
10. Prepare Interface Diagrams
14. Provide Options
12. Perform Dynamic Analysis
13. Develop Operational Demonstration Master Plan
16. Generate Operational and System Architecture Graphics, Briefings and Reports
Requirements Analysis
Functional Analysis
Synthesis
System Analysis
and Control
The middle-out
approach has
been proven on
a variety of
projects.
AV-1
AV-2
OV-1
OV-2
OV-3
OV-4
OV-5
OV-6
OV-7
9. Allocate Functions to System Elements
SV-1
SV-2
SV-3
SV-4
SV-5SV-6
SV-7
SV-8 SV-9
SV-10
SV-11
Time
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
StdV-1 StdV-2
AV-1
Draft DIV-2
DIV-3
DIV-1 CV-1
CV-2
CV-3
CV-4
CV-5
CV-6
CV-7
PV-2
PV-3
PV-1
29. People Considerations
• Large teams make organization and focus on a
vision very difficult
• You need people with a wide variety of skills and
personalities
– Someone with vision
– Someone who can perform the detailed system
engineering
– Someone who understands the domain
– Someone familiar with the technique and tools
– Someone who understands the process
• They need to be trained as a team – including
the government personnel
29
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
30. How Do We Move from Drawing Pictures
to Building a Knowledgebase?
• Apply a proven, model-based technique that
results in executable diagrams
• Use a process that implements the technique
• Use industrial-strength system engineering tools
• Make sure the personnel who use the
methodology have the proper knowledge, skills
and abilities to implement the approach
30
@2010 Systems and Proposal Engineering
Company. All Rights Reserved.
Senior Leader Requests a Non-Secure Line to Call a Non SL.
SL sends a voice request to personal assistant to call a Non SL.
Personal assistant sets up a non secure line to Non SL assistant.
Non SL assistant receives call from SL assistant.
Non SL assistant pages SL about non –secure call from SL.
Non SL replies to assistant to accept call.
Non SL and SL talk over non-secure line.
SL sends voice request to personal assistant to contact Non SL via non secure line.
SL personal assistant contacts Non SL assistant over non secure line.
Non SL assistant receives non secure call from SL personal assistant.
Non SL assistant pages Non SL about non-secure call from SL.
Non SL replies to accept call and is connected to SL via non-secure line.
SE is involved throughout the life cycle
These plates indicate a review or gate that must be passed before you move to the next phase. Design reviews down the left side. Tests and reviews up the right.
An event driven example - A document is not ready until just before the review. Should you delay the review?
At the TRR, the system is certified that it does what it’s supposed to do.
The Pre-ship review or functional config audit
ORR is the final review before the customer/user receives it.
The customer is involved in the final set of reviews.