This document compares face-to-face communication and text-based communication. Face-to-face communication involves non-verbal cues like body language, eye contact, and gestures that aid in conveying meaning. It allows for more natural turn-taking and feedback. However, text-based communication lacks these cues and is more important for self-esteem. While text is less engaging, it is more efficient in terms of speed and saves time compared to face-to-face interaction.

2. Face -to -Face communication and Text -
based communication

3. Group No. 2
Name
• Muhammad Abdullah
• Khurram Nazar
• Urba Fatima
Roll No.
02
21
22

4. Abstract
• In this paper we have discuss face to face
communication and text based
communication. In order to achieve natural
human-computer interaction , We have been
investigating various methods for different
tasks of face-to-face interaction. Face-to-face
communication was the most frequent form
of communication. Text
based communication was most
influential on self-esteem. .

5. Introduction
• Face-to-face is the most primitive form of
communication, it involves not just speech an
hearing, but also the use of body language
and eye gaze.
• Text-based communication was more
important for self-esteem .Conversation can
be seen as a sequence of turns, usually
alternating between the participants.

6. Methods and Methodology
• We have studied books (as referenced below)
regarding to this topic and have collected the
data from these books. We have taken help
from the Internet as well to cover some part
of our Research. We have arranged the data
according to the requirements given by
Instructor. Data is analyzed on the basis of
Interaction between Humans.

7. Transfer effects and personal space
• We expect social norms from face-to-face communication
when we come to use computer medicated forms of
communication.
• People are very adaptable and can learn new norms to go
with new media (ex. Walkie-talkie).
• However, success with new media is often dependent on
whether the participants can use their existing norms.
• Direction is also important. We can accept people closer to
us if they are at our sides or behind than if we are facing
them. Passenger on tube train forced to be close, will incline
their faces at an angle to one another whilst talking.
• Personal space also differ across cultures. Similar problem
can occur in a video conference, ex. Wide focus, high level of
zoom, camera position, different size of monitors. Even ‘glass
wall’ makes precise distance less important, which could have
a positive effect during cross-cultural meeting.

8. Eye contact and gaze
• Eye tell us that our colleague is listening or not; they can convey interest,
confusion or boredom.
• People who look away when you look at them may seem shifty and appear to
be hiding something.
• Relative frequency of eye contact and who ‘give way’ from direct eye contact is
closely linked to authority and power.
• But if the camera is strapped to the top of monitor, both participants will look as
eyes are slightly dropped.
Gestures and body language:
• We use our hand to indicate items of interest.
• Video connection may not sufficient to read movement. Ex. Conversation as
‘let’s move this one there’. The ‘this’ and ‘there’ are indicated by gestures (or
eyegaze). This is called deictic reference.
• Even participants are in the same room, electronic equipment can interfere
with the body language used in normal face-to-face communication. Ex. Large
monitor, using keyboard and screen. => most computer-supported meeting
rooms recess monitors into the desk to reduce these problems.

9. Back channels, confirmation and interruption
The nods, grimaces, shrugs of the shoulder and small noises (ex.
uh…er…) are called back channels.
Back channels means that the speaker can afford to be slightly vague,
adding details until it obvious that the listener understand.
Even video communications are used, but we lost some body
movement and gesture. Audio-only links (ex. Telephone) have rely on
purely verbal back channel responses. Text-based communication has
no back channels.
Turn-taking :
• Turn-taking is the process by which the roles of speaker and listener
are exchanged.
• Back channels are often a crucial part of this process.
• What is a problem if we talk during long-distance, satellite-based
communications due to the time lags.

10. Text-based communication
For asynchronous groupware, the major form of direct communication is text
based.
Back channels and affective state :
Due to loss of back channels, the speaker’s tone of voice and body language
are absent. Email users have developed explicit tokens of their affective state
by the use of ‘flaming’ and ‘smiles’, using punctuation and acronyms;
Grounding constraints :
Clark and Brennan describe the properties of these channels in terms of
grounding constraints;
• Contemporarily – an utterance is heard as soon as it is said (or typed);
• Simultaneity – the participants can send and receive at the same time;
• Sequence – the utterances are ordered
Pace and granularity :
The pace of the conversations the rate of such a sequence of connected
messages and replies.
As the pace of conversation reduces, there is a tendency for the granularity to
increase.

11. Comparative analysis
Face to Face communication
• Face-to-face communication is
the most frequent form of
communication.
• Face-to-face communication
that involves eyes, face and
body.
• Face-to-face communications
are more productive than
other modes of communication
• Gestures can be made and
can be seen
• Can express feelings
Text-Based communication
• Text-based communication
loses most feedback of face-
to-face conversation. Possibly
overlapping turns.
• Text-based communication is
more important for self-esteem
• Text-based communication
loses most of the low-level
feedback of face-to-face
conversation.
• Gestures cannot be seen and
made
• Cannot express Feelings

12. Conclusion
• We can conclude that face-to-face communication is extremely
complex. Each utterance is mediated by subtle back channel (body
movement, facial expression, eye contact and eye gaze) responses
signifying agreement, or on attempting interrupt.
• Text-based communication loses most of the low-level feedback of
face-to-face conversation. Establishing a common understanding
during the conversation. The possibility of overlapping turns, makes
it more difficult to establish the context of a textual utterance. This
makes face-to-face communication more reliable and effective.
Whereas text based system is efficient in terms of speed and time
saving but not very engaging at all for a long time purpose .

13. Reference
• Human–Computer Interaction
Third Edition
Alan Dix, Lancaster University
Janet Finlay, Leeds Metropolitan University
Gregory D. Abowd, Georgia Institute of
Technology
Russell Beale, University of Birmingham
• 01076568 Human Computer Interaction