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The document summarizes the Francis turbine, a type of water turbine developed by James B. Francis that is primarily used for power production. It operates under a water head of 10 to 650 meters and has a power output range of 10 to 750 megawatts. Key components include wicket gates that adjust water flow through the turbine, and it is usually mounted vertically to keep water away from the attached generator. The turbine has high efficiency and can operate over a large range of head heights, but has low tolerance for head variation and requires full immersion and enclosure, making it difficult to repair.
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Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is a mixed-flow reaction turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in 1849. It operates in a water head from 60 to 250 meters. Water enters the runner radially at the outer periphery and exits axially at the center. It uses both the kinetic and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. Key components include a spiral casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner blades, and a draft tube. The guide vanes direct water onto the runner blades to efficiently convert the hydraulic energy of water into mechanical rotation of the shaft and electrical energy via a generator. The speed of the turbine is maintained constant via a governing mechanism that controls the guide vanes.
francis turbine
1. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.
2. Francis turbines absorb energy from water through both kinetic energy and pressure as water enters radially and exits axially.
3. Key components of Francis turbines include runner blades that convert water's kinetic energy to rotational motion, and a draft tube that gradually expands to discharge water from the tailrace.
Francis turbine by Mohd Tariq Sadiq
The document discusses the Francis turbine, a type of reaction water turbine invented in 1848. It summarizes that Francis turbines are the most commonly used water turbine today, with an operating head of 10-650 meters. They are primarily used to generate electricity and can output 10-750 megawatts. The turbine was invented by James Francis who was able to redesign the Boyden turbine to achieve 88% efficiency compared to 65% previously. It describes the basic components and working of the Francis turbine.
Francis turbine
Francis turbine experiment by Eng.Mohammed (Student @ university of Babylon Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
Francis Turbine & its applications in Engineering ( By Engg.Mohammad Asim BUE...
Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They were developed by James B. Francis and are also called mixed-flow turbines as water enters radially and exits axially. Francis turbines use both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine, making them a reaction turbine. They are suitable for medium and high capacity power generation. The main components are the runner blades, which convert the energy of flowing water into rotational motion, and the draft tube, which guides water out of the turbine.
Francis Turbine
This document provides an overview of the Francis turbine. It begins by defining a turbine as a machine that uses kinetic or potential energy of a fluid to power a rotor. It then explains that the Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, meaning it uses both the kinetic and potential energy of water to drive the turbine. The document describes the basic mechanism of the Francis turbine, including how its runner blades are shaped to exert unequal pressure on both sides to generate rotational force. It notes the turbine's high efficiency but also its high costs and complex design requirements.
Francis turbine
James B. Francis developed the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that uses both radial and axial water flow. The Francis turbine has high efficiency between 80-94% and allows for easy control of head changes as well as small generator and runner sizes to accommodate variations in tail water levels. However, it is susceptible to wear from unclean water, difficult inspection, cavitation, water hammer effects, and efficiency losses when operating below 50% of maximum head.
6 francis turbines - haas hiebert hoatson
1) Francis turbines are the most widely used type of turbine globally, accounting for about 60% of hydropower generation. They operate at a wide range of flows and heads with high efficiency of up to 94%.
2) Three case studies are examined: the Three Gorges Dam in China which has 32 Francis turbines generating 18,300 MW total; the Grand Coulee Dam in the US with 27 Francis turbines generating 21.6 billion kWh annually; and the Glen Canyon Dam with 8 Francis turbines generating 3.5 billion kWh annually.
3) While hydropower projects provide benefits like renewable energy and flood control, they can also negatively impact the environment and communities through issues like water quality degradation and forced
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Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is a mixed-flow reaction turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in 1849. It operates in a water head from 60 to 250 meters. Water enters the runner radially at the outer periphery and exits axially at the center. It uses both the kinetic and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine. Key components include a spiral casing, stay vanes, guide vanes, runner blades, and a draft tube. The guide vanes direct water onto the runner blades to efficiently convert the hydraulic energy of water into mechanical rotation of the shaft and electrical energy via a generator. The speed of the turbine is maintained constant via a governing mechanism that controls the guide vanes.
francis turbine
1. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.
2. Francis turbines absorb energy from water through both kinetic energy and pressure as water enters radially and exits axially.
3. Key components of Francis turbines include runner blades that convert water's kinetic energy to rotational motion, and a draft tube that gradually expands to discharge water from the tailrace.
Francis turbine by Mohd Tariq Sadiq
The document discusses the Francis turbine, a type of reaction water turbine invented in 1848. It summarizes that Francis turbines are the most commonly used water turbine today, with an operating head of 10-650 meters. They are primarily used to generate electricity and can output 10-750 megawatts. The turbine was invented by James Francis who was able to redesign the Boyden turbine to achieve 88% efficiency compared to 65% previously. It describes the basic components and working of the Francis turbine.
Francis turbine
Francis turbine experiment by Eng.Mohammed (Student @ university of Babylon Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
Francis Turbine & its applications in Engineering ( By Engg.Mohammad Asim BUE...
Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They were developed by James B. Francis and are also called mixed-flow turbines as water enters radially and exits axially. Francis turbines use both the kinetic energy and pressure energy of water to drive the turbine, making them a reaction turbine. They are suitable for medium and high capacity power generation. The main components are the runner blades, which convert the energy of flowing water into rotational motion, and the draft tube, which guides water out of the turbine.
Francis Turbine
This document provides an overview of the Francis turbine. It begins by defining a turbine as a machine that uses kinetic or potential energy of a fluid to power a rotor. It then explains that the Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, meaning it uses both the kinetic and potential energy of water to drive the turbine. The document describes the basic mechanism of the Francis turbine, including how its runner blades are shaped to exert unequal pressure on both sides to generate rotational force. It notes the turbine's high efficiency but also its high costs and complex design requirements.
Francis turbine
James B. Francis developed the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that uses both radial and axial water flow. The Francis turbine has high efficiency between 80-94% and allows for easy control of head changes as well as small generator and runner sizes to accommodate variations in tail water levels. However, it is susceptible to wear from unclean water, difficult inspection, cavitation, water hammer effects, and efficiency losses when operating below 50% of maximum head.
6 francis turbines - haas hiebert hoatson
1) Francis turbines are the most widely used type of turbine globally, accounting for about 60% of hydropower generation. They operate at a wide range of flows and heads with high efficiency of up to 94%.
2) Three case studies are examined: the Three Gorges Dam in China which has 32 Francis turbines generating 18,300 MW total; the Grand Coulee Dam in the US with 27 Francis turbines generating 21.6 billion kWh annually; and the Glen Canyon Dam with 8 Francis turbines generating 3.5 billion kWh annually.
3) While hydropower projects provide benefits like renewable energy and flood control, they can also negatively impact the environment and communities through issues like water quality degradation and forced
TURBINE-2
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is used for hydroelectric power generation. It is suitable for medium head applications between 45-250 meters. The Francis turbine converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy via a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. It is one of the most widely used turbines due to its ability to effectively use both water pressure and velocity, resulting in high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, it also has high costs due to its complex design and maintenance requirements.
turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, a type of reaction turbine commonly used for electricity generation under medium heads of 45-400 meters. It has curved vanes that direct water radially into the runner and axially out. The kinetic energy of the moving water is converted to mechanical energy via both impulse and lift forces on the turbine blades, causing the shaft and generator to rotate. Key parts include the runner blades, shaft, and generator housed within a spiral casing.
Kaplan Turbine Details
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
Francis turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is the most commonly used water turbine today. It was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by James Francis in 1849. He was able to redesign the existing Boyden turbine to significantly increase its efficiency from 65% to 88%.
The key components of a Francis turbine include a scroll casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. Water enters the scroll casing and is directed by the guide vanes to spin the radial vanes of the runner, which is connected to a shaft to power a generator. The draft tube recaptures pressure from the water exiting the runner.
Francis turbines can operate over a wide range of heads from 10-650 meters and
Francis turbine
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Water turbine classifications
This document classifies and describes various types of water turbines. It divides turbines into two main categories: reaction turbines and impulse turbines. Reaction turbines include Francis, Kaplan, Tyson, and Gorlov turbines, which use the reaction force of water to turn the runner. Impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, Turgo turbines, water wheels, cross flow turbines, and Jonval turbines, which use the impulse from water jets to turn the runner. Examples and brief descriptions are provided for each type of turbine.
hydraulic machinery turbines
This document discusses the classification of turbines. Turbines are devices that extract energy from fluid by converting the fluid's energy into mechanical energy. Turbines can be classified based on the head and quantity of water available, the hydraulic action of water, the direction of water flow through the runner, the specific speed, and the disposition of the runner shaft. The main types of turbines discussed are Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, impulse, and reaction turbines.
Francis reaction turbine
This document provides information about the Francis reaction turbine. It describes the key components of the turbine, including the penstock, spiral casing, runner blades, guide vanes, and draft tube. It explains how the turbine works by converting the kinetic and pressure energy of water flowing through it into rotational energy to power a generator. The turbine is widely used today for power generation due to its high efficiency of around 88%. The document also discusses cavitation issues and recent design advancements aimed at reducing costs and complexity.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation issues.
Francis Turbine
This document describes a group project on the Francis turbine. It provides details on the group members, introduction to turbines, basic turbine types, the history and inventor of the Francis turbine, its key components and working, efficiency, advantages, applications, and recent advancements. The Francis turbine is the most commonly used water turbine today for power generation due to its ability to effectively use both water pressure and velocity through a mixed-flow design.
Hydro turbines(datas)
The document provides details about the student's practical training report on hydro turbines at Andritz Hydro Ltd. It includes an introduction, acknowledgments, preface, table of contents, and initial chapters on the company profile and history of Andritz as well as an introduction to hydro turbines. The introduction to hydro turbines classifies turbines as either impulse or reaction turbines and further classifies them based on direction of water flow, available head and discharge, speed, and shaft disposition. It also provides details on the main assemblies and operation of Pelton turbines.
Hydraulic turbines
contains pelton turbine , kaplan turbine , and francis turbine with their working. contains GIF and videos of working
Types of hydropower turbines
This document summarizes different types of turbines used to generate hydroelectric power. It describes impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel and cross-flow turbine, which use the velocity of water to turn the runner. Reaction turbines like the Francis turbine and propeller turbine develop power from both pressure and moving water. Kinetic turbines generate electricity from the kinetic energy in flowing water sources like rivers and ocean currents without requiring diversion of water through pipes. The document provides details on the basic design and operation of each turbine type as well as factors to consider like head, flow, and efficiency.
Francis turbine
This document discusses different types of turbines, focusing on Francis turbines. It describes how Francis turbines work by using both kinetic and pressure energy of flowing water. Sir James Francis invented the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1840s by redesigning an earlier Boyden turbine to significantly increase efficiency from 65% to 88%. Francis turbines are now the most commonly used water turbine for power generation, with efficiencies between 80-94%. They can operate in heads from 10-650 meters and generate 10-750 megawatts typically. The key components of a Francis turbine installation and its working mechanism are explained.
6. kaplan turbine
The document discusses Kaplan turbines, which are axial flow reaction turbines that operate under low head and high discharge conditions. Some key points:
- Kaplan turbines have a runner with adjustable blades that can be governed to maintain optimal efficiency over a wide range of loads.
- Water enters the runner axially and is given a whirl component by guide vanes before the runner blades remove the whirl, resulting in purely axial discharge.
- The runner has 3 to 8 blades maximum, fewer than the 16-24 blades of a Francis turbine, reducing frictional resistance.
- Kaplan turbines can withstand higher runaway speeds than Francis turbines, up to 2.5-3.5 times the normal
Reaction turbbine
This presentation discusses reaction turbines. It defines a reaction turbine as a type of turbine that develops torque by reacting to the pressure or weight of a fluid based on Newton's third law of motion. The document outlines the working principle of reaction turbines and describes the main types - radial flow, axial flow, and mixed flow turbines. Examples of specific reaction turbines are provided, including the Francis, Kaplan, and propeller turbines. The advantages and disadvantages of reaction turbines are summarized. Key concepts like pressure compounding, turbine blade stages, and the pressure-velocity diagram for reaction blades are also explained briefly.
Hydro turbines
This presentation summarizes different types of hydro turbines classified based on how water acts on the turbine blades. Impulse turbines like Pelton and Turgo turbines use the kinetic energy of a high velocity water jet to turn the runner. Reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan turbines use both the pressure and velocity of water. Francis turbines have fixed blades while Kaplan turbines have adjustable blades controlled by a servo mechanism. The presentation provides details on the working, typical specifications and applications of these common hydro turbine types to help select the optimal turbine for a hydroelectric project based on factors like head, flow, and output requirements.
Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
The document discusses the selection of turbines based on head and specific speed. It defines turbines as devices that extract energy from fluid and describes the main types as impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use velocity to move the runner while reaction turbines develop power from pressure and moving fluid. Turbines are selected based on the specific conditions like head and flow. High head turbines operate over 250m head with low flow. Francis turbines are used for medium heads from 45-250m. Kaplan turbines are suitable for low heads under 45m with high flow. Specific speed is also used to select turbines, with low specific speed turbines like Pelton used for high heads and high specific speed propeller turbines for low heads.
pelton turbine
The document summarizes the Pelton turbine, an impulse water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton. It is useful for hydro-power sources with high hydraulic heads and low flow rates, and can achieve efficiencies as high as 90%. The main components of the Pelton turbine are the nozzle, runner buckets, casing, and breaking jet. Formulas are provided for calculating wheel velocity, jet velocity, mean diameter, jet ratio, and number of buckets. The turbine works by imparting kinetic energy from high-speed water jets to the bucket wheel to generate rotational motion and mechanical power.
Experimental evaluation of a francis turbine
Abstract Laboratory-Scale Francis Turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific speed, unit quantities and critical cavitation factor. A modified critical cavitation factor relation has been obtained and verified with the existing relation. Keywords: Hydro Power, Francis Turbine, Turbine Performance, Cavitation Factor
Francis turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is a type of water turbine. It was written by Komal Singh, a third year ME student with roll number 1203540047. The document expresses gratitude at the end.
Hydraulic turbine
Turbines convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy via a shaft. Francis turbines, invented in 1848, are a common type of inward reaction turbine that convert both kinetic and pressure energy. They have main components like a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. Pelton wheels are impulse turbines that use nozzles to convert water's pressure energy into kinetic energy before it strikes buckets on the runner to rotate it. They are suitable for high head applications.
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TURBINE-2
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is used for hydroelectric power generation. It is suitable for medium head applications between 45-250 meters. The Francis turbine converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy via a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. It is one of the most widely used turbines due to its ability to effectively use both water pressure and velocity, resulting in high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, it also has high costs due to its complex design and maintenance requirements.
turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, a type of reaction turbine commonly used for electricity generation under medium heads of 45-400 meters. It has curved vanes that direct water radially into the runner and axially out. The kinetic energy of the moving water is converted to mechanical energy via both impulse and lift forces on the turbine blades, causing the shaft and generator to rotate. Key parts include the runner blades, shaft, and generator housed within a spiral casing.
Kaplan Turbine Details
Here you find all about Kaplan Turbine. You will also able to know how its work, main parts of it, design factors, equations, application, capacity, efficiency, advantages-disadvantages and etc. I think it will very much helpful for you. If you find any problem please do inform for correction. Thank you.
Francis turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is the most commonly used water turbine today. It was invented in Lowell, Massachusetts by James Francis in 1849. He was able to redesign the existing Boyden turbine to significantly increase its efficiency from 65% to 88%.
The key components of a Francis turbine include a scroll casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. Water enters the scroll casing and is directed by the guide vanes to spin the radial vanes of the runner, which is connected to a shaft to power a generator. The draft tube recaptures pressure from the water exiting the runner.
Francis turbines can operate over a wide range of heads from 10-650 meters and
Francis turbine
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Water turbine classifications
This document classifies and describes various types of water turbines. It divides turbines into two main categories: reaction turbines and impulse turbines. Reaction turbines include Francis, Kaplan, Tyson, and Gorlov turbines, which use the reaction force of water to turn the runner. Impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, Turgo turbines, water wheels, cross flow turbines, and Jonval turbines, which use the impulse from water jets to turn the runner. Examples and brief descriptions are provided for each type of turbine.
hydraulic machinery turbines
This document discusses the classification of turbines. Turbines are devices that extract energy from fluid by converting the fluid's energy into mechanical energy. Turbines can be classified based on the head and quantity of water available, the hydraulic action of water, the direction of water flow through the runner, the specific speed, and the disposition of the runner shaft. The main types of turbines discussed are Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, impulse, and reaction turbines.
Francis reaction turbine
This document provides information about the Francis reaction turbine. It describes the key components of the turbine, including the penstock, spiral casing, runner blades, guide vanes, and draft tube. It explains how the turbine works by converting the kinetic and pressure energy of water flowing through it into rotational energy to power a generator. The turbine is widely used today for power generation due to its high efficiency of around 88%. The document also discusses cavitation issues and recent design advancements aimed at reducing costs and complexity.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation issues.
Francis Turbine
This document describes a group project on the Francis turbine. It provides details on the group members, introduction to turbines, basic turbine types, the history and inventor of the Francis turbine, its key components and working, efficiency, advantages, applications, and recent advancements. The Francis turbine is the most commonly used water turbine today for power generation due to its ability to effectively use both water pressure and velocity through a mixed-flow design.
Hydro turbines(datas)
The document provides details about the student's practical training report on hydro turbines at Andritz Hydro Ltd. It includes an introduction, acknowledgments, preface, table of contents, and initial chapters on the company profile and history of Andritz as well as an introduction to hydro turbines. The introduction to hydro turbines classifies turbines as either impulse or reaction turbines and further classifies them based on direction of water flow, available head and discharge, speed, and shaft disposition. It also provides details on the main assemblies and operation of Pelton turbines.
Hydraulic turbines
contains pelton turbine , kaplan turbine , and francis turbine with their working. contains GIF and videos of working
Types of hydropower turbines
This document summarizes different types of turbines used to generate hydroelectric power. It describes impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel and cross-flow turbine, which use the velocity of water to turn the runner. Reaction turbines like the Francis turbine and propeller turbine develop power from both pressure and moving water. Kinetic turbines generate electricity from the kinetic energy in flowing water sources like rivers and ocean currents without requiring diversion of water through pipes. The document provides details on the basic design and operation of each turbine type as well as factors to consider like head, flow, and efficiency.
Francis turbine
This document discusses different types of turbines, focusing on Francis turbines. It describes how Francis turbines work by using both kinetic and pressure energy of flowing water. Sir James Francis invented the Francis turbine in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1840s by redesigning an earlier Boyden turbine to significantly increase efficiency from 65% to 88%. Francis turbines are now the most commonly used water turbine for power generation, with efficiencies between 80-94%. They can operate in heads from 10-650 meters and generate 10-750 megawatts typically. The key components of a Francis turbine installation and its working mechanism are explained.
6. kaplan turbine
The document discusses Kaplan turbines, which are axial flow reaction turbines that operate under low head and high discharge conditions. Some key points:
- Kaplan turbines have a runner with adjustable blades that can be governed to maintain optimal efficiency over a wide range of loads.
- Water enters the runner axially and is given a whirl component by guide vanes before the runner blades remove the whirl, resulting in purely axial discharge.
- The runner has 3 to 8 blades maximum, fewer than the 16-24 blades of a Francis turbine, reducing frictional resistance.
- Kaplan turbines can withstand higher runaway speeds than Francis turbines, up to 2.5-3.5 times the normal
Reaction turbbine
This presentation discusses reaction turbines. It defines a reaction turbine as a type of turbine that develops torque by reacting to the pressure or weight of a fluid based on Newton's third law of motion. The document outlines the working principle of reaction turbines and describes the main types - radial flow, axial flow, and mixed flow turbines. Examples of specific reaction turbines are provided, including the Francis, Kaplan, and propeller turbines. The advantages and disadvantages of reaction turbines are summarized. Key concepts like pressure compounding, turbine blade stages, and the pressure-velocity diagram for reaction blades are also explained briefly.
Hydro turbines
This presentation summarizes different types of hydro turbines classified based on how water acts on the turbine blades. Impulse turbines like Pelton and Turgo turbines use the kinetic energy of a high velocity water jet to turn the runner. Reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan turbines use both the pressure and velocity of water. Francis turbines have fixed blades while Kaplan turbines have adjustable blades controlled by a servo mechanism. The presentation provides details on the working, typical specifications and applications of these common hydro turbine types to help select the optimal turbine for a hydroelectric project based on factors like head, flow, and output requirements.
Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
The document discusses the selection of turbines based on head and specific speed. It defines turbines as devices that extract energy from fluid and describes the main types as impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use velocity to move the runner while reaction turbines develop power from pressure and moving fluid. Turbines are selected based on the specific conditions like head and flow. High head turbines operate over 250m head with low flow. Francis turbines are used for medium heads from 45-250m. Kaplan turbines are suitable for low heads under 45m with high flow. Specific speed is also used to select turbines, with low specific speed turbines like Pelton used for high heads and high specific speed propeller turbines for low heads.
pelton turbine
The document summarizes the Pelton turbine, an impulse water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton. It is useful for hydro-power sources with high hydraulic heads and low flow rates, and can achieve efficiencies as high as 90%. The main components of the Pelton turbine are the nozzle, runner buckets, casing, and breaking jet. Formulas are provided for calculating wheel velocity, jet velocity, mean diameter, jet ratio, and number of buckets. The turbine works by imparting kinetic energy from high-speed water jets to the bucket wheel to generate rotational motion and mechanical power.
Experimental evaluation of a francis turbine
Abstract Laboratory-Scale Francis Turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific speed, unit quantities and critical cavitation factor. A modified critical cavitation factor relation has been obtained and verified with the existing relation. Keywords: Hydro Power, Francis Turbine, Turbine Performance, Cavitation Factor
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Selection of Turbine With Respect to Head VS Specific Speed
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Francis turbine
The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is a type of water turbine. It was written by Komal Singh, a third year ME student with roll number 1203540047. The document expresses gratitude at the end.
Hydraulic turbine
Turbines convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy via a shaft. Francis turbines, invented in 1848, are a common type of inward reaction turbine that convert both kinetic and pressure energy. They have main components like a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. Pelton wheels are impulse turbines that use nozzles to convert water's pressure energy into kinetic energy before it strikes buckets on the runner to rotate it. They are suitable for high head applications.
Types of turbine & thier application
Turbines extract energy from moving fluids and convert it to rotational energy. The main types are water, steam, gas, and wind turbines. Water turbines include impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow, which use jet velocity, and reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan, which use changing fluid pressure. Steam turbines convert thermal energy from pressurized steam. Gas turbines power aircraft and generators using combustion. Wind turbines have rotors to capture kinetic wind energy and generators to produce electricity. Turbines are used widely in power generation and industrial applications.
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Hydraulic turbines
Hydraulic turbines convert hydraulic energy from water into electrical energy. There are three main types of hydraulic turbines: Pelton wheels, Francis turbines, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton wheels use the kinetic energy of water striking buckets to turn an impulse turbine, while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines that convert both kinetic and pressure energy. Turbines consist of components like casings, runners, and guide vanes to efficiently direct water flow and extract energy.
Types of turbine
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Also a turbine is a turbo-machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. According to the fluid used:
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
Although the same principles apply to all turbines, their specific designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
Working Principle Water Turbine
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric generator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
In a hydraulic turbine, water is used as the source of energy. Water or hydraulic turbines convert kinetic and potential energies of the water into mechanical power. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water kinetic energy.
Classification
Based on hydraulic action of water
Based on direction of flow
Based on head of water and quantity of flow
Based on specific speed
Based on disposition of turbine shaft
Based on name of originator (commonly used turbines)
Design of an advanced integrated energy system based on micro gas turbines fo...
This is my pre-Ph.D thesis presentation. DEA in Spanish academic system.
Thought it's been long since I finished, I'd love of assisting you!
Water turbine wikipedia notes
A water turbine is a rotary engine that captures energy from moving water. It was developed in the 19th century for industrial power production. There are two main types - reaction turbines, which rely on changes in water pressure, and impulse turbines, which rely on changes in water velocity. Francis turbines are the most widely used reaction turbine, while Pelton wheels are common impulse turbines. Water turbines come in various designs depending on factors like available water head and flow rate. They are designed to efficiently harness hydraulic energy with high mechanical efficiencies over 90% for power generation.
Francis turbine
- Francis turbines are radial flow turbines used in hydroelectric power generation. They have adjustable guide vanes and runners that control water flow.
- Key dimensions include the diameters and widths at the inlet and outlet, as well as the rotational speed. These dimensions are calculated based on design criteria like flow rate, head, and hydraulic efficiency.
- Dimensions are chosen to satisfy requirements for net positive suction head (NPSH) and minimize hydraulic losses while maintaining high hydraulic efficiency.
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Kaplan turbine
Its a home task assignment for me,that i want to share with others...i hope it would helpful to others..please comment
Hydraulic Turbine
This document summarizes hydraulic turbines, which convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy. It first introduces hydraulic turbines and their uses for industrial power and electricity generation. It then classifies turbines as either reaction turbines or impulse turbines. The majority of the document focuses on reaction turbines, describing how they work by changing water pressure through fixed and moving blades, and providing examples like the Francis and Kaplan turbines. It also describes impulse turbines, like the Pelton wheel, which change the velocity of water jets to create force on the turbine blades.
PELTON WHEEL TURBINE
The Pelton wheel turbine was developed in 1880 by Lester Pelton. It is an impulse turbine that works best with high heads and low flows. The turbine consists of a nozzle that converts pressure to velocity, buckets around the rim that redirect the jet of water, and a casing. The high velocity jet from the nozzle strikes the buckets, transferring momentum to spin the turbine and generate power. Pelton wheels are commonly used to generate hydroelectric power from sources with high heads and low flows.
GENERATING OF HIGH ALTERNATING VOLTAGE
This document discusses different methods for generating high voltages and currents, including cascade transformers, resonant transformers, and Tesla coils for AC voltages, and single-stage and Marx generators for impulse voltages. It also covers impulse current generation using a bank of parallel capacitors discharged through an R-L circuit. Cascade transformers consist of multiple transformer stages connected in series to achieve high voltages. Resonant transformers use tuning of the secondary circuit. Tesla coils produce high frequency AC through magnetic coupling of primary and secondary air-core coils.
Hydraulic Turbine & its Types
This document discusses different types of hydraulic turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into electrical energy. It describes the main components and operating principles of Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines use jet impacts to rotate an impulse wheel, while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines where water pressure decreases as it flows through the runner blades. Francis turbines use mixed radial-axial flow and are widely used over a range of heads. Kaplan turbines have propeller-like adjustable blades for axial flow and are best for low heads with large flows. Draft tubes and governing systems are also discussed.
detail study of kaplan turbine
The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was invented in 1913-1922 by Viktor Kaplan. It has adjustable blades that allow it to efficiently handle a wide variation of water flows. The Kaplan turbine is well-suited for low head sites between 2-40 meters and has efficiencies over 90%. It is an inward flow reaction turbine where the water changes pressure and gives up energy as it moves through the adjustable blades, causing the runner to spin. The Kaplan turbine's adjustable blades make it more efficient at partial loads compared to other water turbines.
Governing of francis turbine
The document summarizes the governing mechanism of a Francis water turbine. It describes the major components which include an oil pump, relay valve, servomotor cylinder, centrifugal governor, regulating ring, and regulating rod. It explains how these components work together in a closed loop control system to regulate the supply of water through partial opening and closing of the guide vanes based on the load. When the load is low, the governor senses the higher speed and causes the relay valve to direct oil to push the servomotor piston forward, partially closing the guide vanes.
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SUMMER TRAINING @CHIBRO BY AAKASH
The document provides details about Aakash Kushwaha's 4 week industrial training at the Chibro Power House in Uttarakhand, India. It discusses the power station's history and design as the first underground power plant in North India. It also describes the key equipment used at the plant such as the 4 Francis turbines that generate 60 MW each and details about the turbine components like the runner, draft tube, and guide vane apparatus system. The summary concludes with a brief overview of the cooling water system.
4PS21CS043.pdf
The Francis turbine is a reaction water turbine developed by James B. Francis in the 19th century. It combines radial and axial flow, making it highly efficient. Francis turbines are the most commonly used turbines today, suitable for heads of 10-650 meters. They generate 10-750 megawatts and have penstock diameters of 1-10 meters, operating at 83-1000 rpm. Water enters radially around the runner and its pressure and kinetic energy are converted to rotational energy to power the turbine shaft.
Hydro Electric project
This document describes the 300 MW Chamera-II hydroelectric project in Himachal Pradesh, India. It discusses key components of hydroelectric power generation including turbines, generators, transformers and switchyards. The project uses Francis turbines with a head of 267 meters to drive 3 generators of 100 MW each. Power is transformed from 11kV to 400kV before connecting to the transmission grid. The underground powerhouse has a generation capacity of 1500 million units annually.
Micro hydropower plant
Micro-hydro power is a type of hydroelectric power that typically produces up to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water. These power plants can provide power to an isolated home or small community. They use various components like an intake, penstock, turbine, and generator to harness the kinetic energy of flowing water. Different types of turbines are used depending on the head and flow available, including impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel for high head, and reaction turbines like the Francis turbine for medium head. Micro-hydro systems complement solar energy installations in areas where water flow is highest when solar energy is lowest.
FRANCIS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION
ChatGPT 3.5
User
Francis turbine design parameters
ChatGPT
The design parameters for a Francis turbine include:
Flow rate: The amount of water flowing through the turbine.
Head: The height difference between the water source and the turbine's outlet.
Runner diameter: The size of the turbine's rotating component.
Blade angles: Angles of the blades relative to the direction of water flow.
Efficiency: The ratio of output power to input power, important for maximizing energy conversion.
Speed: Rotation speed of the turbine, usually determined by the generator it's connected to.
Materials: Selection of materials for durability and performance under varying conditions.
Cavitation: Preventing the formation of cavitation bubbles to avoid damage to the turbine.
These parameters are optimized based on factors like site conditions, energy output requirements, and economic considerations.
User
Runner diameter in Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The runner diameter in a Francis turbine typically ranges from a few meters to over 10 meters, depending on the specific application and design requirements. Smaller turbines may have runner diameters in the range of 1 to 3 meters, while larger turbines for hydropower plants can have diameters exceeding 10 meters. The diameter is chosen to optimize the turbine's performance based on factors such as flow rate, head, and efficiency.
User
Blade angles in Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The blade angles in a Francis turbine are crucial for efficient energy conversion. There are two primary angles:
Guide vane angle: Also known as the wicket gate angle, it controls the flow of water entering the turbine. Adjusting this angle regulates the amount of water flow, optimizing turbine performance under different operating conditions.
Runner blade angle: These angles determine how efficiently the turbine extracts energy from the water flow. The runner blade angle affects the interaction between the water and the turbine blades, influencing both the turbine's power output and its efficiency.
Both angles are carefully designed and optimized to maximize the turbine's efficiency across its operating range, balancing factors such as flow velocity, pressure distribution, and hydraulic losses.
User
Francis turbine
ChatGPT
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine used for generating electricity in hydroelectric power plants. It's a reaction turbine, meaning it operates by both impulse and reaction forces.
Here's how it works:
Water enters the turbine through the spiral casing and flows into the runner.
The runner consists of a series of curved blades that are shaped to efficiently capture the kinetic energy of the flowing water.
As the water flows over the curved blades, it changes direction and creates a reaction force that causes the runner to rotate.
The rotating runner is connected to a shaft, which is in turn connected to an electric generator.
As the runner rotates, it drives the generator, producing electricity.
Francis turbines are v
Hydro electric power plant
Hydropower plants convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into electrical energy. Water is directed through turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. There are various types of hydropower plants classified by the height of the dam and head of water, including low-head, medium-head, and high-head facilities. Hydropower is a renewable energy source that provides power through the continuous water cycle, but construction can be costly and disruptive to local ecosystems.
Presentation(Hydro Power Plant) (1).pptx
This document describes a 10MW hydro power plant located in Drung Tangmarg, Jammu and Kashmir. It discusses the key components of hydro power plants including the dam and reservoir, spillway, forebay, surge tank, penstock, trash rack, power house, and circuit breakers. It provides details on the specific components used at this power plant, such as the Francis turbine, 39,176 KVA synchronous generator, main inlet valve, bypass valve, guide vanes, and draft tube. The conclusions emphasize the importance of tapping small hydro power potential across India to support the country's development goals.
Hydro power plant
Image result for hydro power plant in india
India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of 31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.
Hydroelectric power is power harnessed from converting the energy coming from running water. The mechanical energy is transferred from a rotating turbine to a generator, which produces energy. Hydro power is a shorthand term that can be used in place of hydroelectric power, both mechanical and electric.
Rani awanti bai hydel power plant by vijayendra singh rajput - Bargi Dam Jaba...
Rani awanti bai hydel power plant by vijayendra singh rajput - Bargi Dam Jaba...Vijayendra Singh Rajput
The document provides information about the Rani Avanti Bai Sagar Pariyojana Hydel Power Plant located in Bijoura village in Bargi, Madhya Pradesh. It is a 90 MW hydroelectric power plant situated on the Bargi Dam on the Narmada River. The power plant utilizes two 45 MW Francis turbine generator units to generate electricity from the water stored by the dam. The summary provides the key details about the location and capacity of the power plant.4PS21CS061.pdf
Francis turbine is a mixed-flow reaction turbine commonly used to generate electricity. It was designed by American scientist James Francis to improve upon an earlier design by Boyden. Francis turbines can operate under heads of 10-650 meters and work by converting the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water into rotational energy of a shaft. Water enters the spiral casing and is directed by guide vanes to the high-pressure runner, which spins to generate power before exiting through a draft tube. With efficiencies up to 90%, Francis turbines are widely employed for hydroelectric power worldwide.
Hydraulic Turbines.pdf
A turbine is a machine that converts kinetic energy from a moving fluid like water, steam or gas into rotational motion. There are two main types of water turbines - impulse turbines which use the velocity of a fluid jet to turn blades, and reaction turbines where the fluid's pressure changes as it passes through the turbine. Common impulse turbines are Pelton and cross-flow turbines, while Francis and Kaplan turbines are examples of reaction turbines. Turbines extract energy from fluids and convert it to electrical energy through a generator, and are widely used in hydroelectric power plants depending on factors like head and flow.
Hydro electric power
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power, including:
1) It explains that hydroelectric power harnesses the potential energy of water by converting it to kinetic energy through turbines, which is then converted to electrical energy.
2) It discusses the history of hydroelectric power development from ancient times to modern applications, including early uses of water wheels and the expansion of hydroelectric plants in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
3) It describes the main components of hydroelectric power plants including dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, and generators, and different types of hydroelectric facilities like impoundment, diversion, and pumped storage.
Unit-4-POWER FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY.ppt
This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including hydroelectric, wind, tidal, solar, geothermal, biogas, and fuel cell power systems. It describes the basic principles, components, and types of each technology. For hydroelectric power, it covers classification of plants, typical layouts, turbines, and the working principle. It also discusses classification and components of wind turbines as well as the basic principles of tidal, geothermal, and bioenergy systems.
National Hydro Power Plant collage PPT 1.pptx
The document discusses the Teesta Low Dam-IV hydroelectric power plant located in West Bengal, India. It generates 160MW of power through four 40MW turbine generators using the kinetic energy of the Teesta River's flowing water. Water is collected and channeled through penstocks to drive Kaplan turbines connected to generators, which produce electricity then stepped up to 224kV for transmission via a switchyard. The power plant utilizes the river's flow between an upper reservoir level of 182.25m and lower level of 179m to generate power in an environmentally sustainable run-of-the-river scheme.
Report hydroelectric power plant
Report hydroelectric power plantSant Longowal Institute Of Engineering & Technology, Longowal, Sangrur (Punjab)
This document discusses micro hydroelectric power plants that use chain turbines. It provides an overview of how hydropower works by converting the kinetic energy of moving water into electrical energy. It then analyzes the specific design and operation of chain turbines, which use a series of buckets on parallel chains to capture water flow. The document also examines the use of governors to provide stable electrical output from these plants by controlling water flow based on generator speed. It analyzes the transient responses of a sample system to changes in load and discusses ways to improve governor performance.Hydel Generation and Types Of Turbines
* Catchment area = 200 sq.km = 200,000,000 sq.m
* Average rainfall = 130 cm = 1.3 m
* Runoff = 70% of rainfall = 0.7 * 1.3 = 0.91 m
* Water available per year = Rainfall * Runoff * Catchment area
= 1.3 * 0.91 * 200,000,000 = 234,000,000 cubic meters
* Head available = 380 m
* Density of water = 1000 kg/cubic meter
* Gravity acceleration = 10 m/sec^2
* Power = Mass of water * Gravity height * Head / Time
= 234,000,000 * 1000 * 10 *
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power Plants
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
Hydro power
Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity. It has been used for centuries to power mills and factories. Modern hydropower plants first emerged in the late 19th century and have since become a major source of renewable energy worldwide. Hydropower is classified based on factors like plant size and head. Key components include dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. While hydropower has significant advantages as a clean energy source, new plants also face environmental challenges and changing water availability due to climate change. Many regions still have potential to expand sustainable hydropower development in the future.
Hydro power plant
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants and how they work. It explains that hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity. Water turns turbines that are connected to generators, which produce electricity. The key components of hydroelectric plants are dams or reservoirs that store water, penstocks that carry water to turbines under pressure, turbines that convert the water's energy into rotational motion, generators that convert that motion into electricity, and transmission lines to deliver the power. Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source that does not deplete natural resources.
Hydro power plant presentation project by pratik diyora 100420106008
This document summarizes a student project on a hydroelectric power plant. It includes sections on the basic components and principles of hydroelectricity including dams, intake, penstocks, turbines, generators, transformers, and power houses. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on head including low, medium, and high head schemes. World's largest hydroelectric plants like China's Three Gorges Dam and India's largest plants including Tehri Dam and Sardar Sarovar Dam are highlighted. The document is intended to provide an overview of hydroelectric power generation.
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FRANCIS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION
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### How TDM Works
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Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Kjm francis turbine presentation slide
- 2. INTRODUCTION Type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts, (Mill City USA) Operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters (33 to 2,133 feet) and are primarily used for electrical power production The turbine powered generator power output generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts, Penstock (input pipes) diameters are between 1 and 10 meters (3 and 33 feet). The speed range of the turbine is from 83 to 1000 rpm. Wicket gates around the outside of the turbine's rotating runner adjust the water flow rate through the turbine for different water flow rates and power production rates Francis turbines are almost always mounted with the shaft vertical to keep water away from the attached generator and to facilitate installation and maintenance access to it and the turbine.
- 3. COMPONENTS
- 7. X blade runnerTraditional runner The Francis Runner
- 8. Francis Turbine Power Plant : A Continuous Hydraulic System
- 9. Parts of A Francis Turbine
- 10. EFFICIENCY OF FRANCIS TURBINE
- 11. COMPARISON
- 12. ADVANTAGES • High efficiency • Can operate between a large range of head heights (25 – 350m) • Medium acceptance of flow variation
- 13. DISADVANTAGES • Low acceptance of head variation • Must be fully immersed in water and enclosed in a pressure casing (difficult to repair and reproduce) • Usually used only in large hydroelectric systems • Difficult to maintain/clean • Guide vanes must be adjusted based on current flow rate, so it needs to be manned
- 14. OPERATION • Francis turbine • Comparison with Pelton & Kaplan
- 15. Thank You!