The document discusses the Francis turbine, which is used for hydroelectric power generation. It is suitable for medium head applications between 45-250 meters. The Francis turbine converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy via a spiral casing, guide vanes, runner blades, and draft tube. It is one of the most widely used turbines due to its ability to effectively use both water pressure and velocity, resulting in high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, it also has high costs due to its complex design and maintenance requirements.

1. FRANCIS TURBINE
Submitted To :
Mr. PM Meena
(Professor)
Mechanical Engg. Dept.
MBM Engg. College Jodhpur
Submitted By :
Prashant Kumar Soni
Rajender Singh
Deepak Kumar Kakkad
Vinay Agarwal
(BE Final Year)

2.  Used for hydro electric power, i.e. cheapest
source of power generation.
 hydraulic energy mechanical energy
electrical energy
 power generating device

3.  Pelton wheel turbine
 Francis turbine
 Kaplan turbine

4. Head and quantity of water available
Hydraulic action of water
Direction of flow of water in the runner
Specific speed of turbines
Disposition of the shaft of the runner

5. Medium head(45m to 250m)
Reaction(K.E.+P.E)
mixed flow(radial + axial)
medium specific speed(50 to 250)
disposition of shaft of runner is vertical

7. Penstock-it is a large size conduit which conveys
water from upstream to the dam/reservoir to the
turbine runner
 spiral casing- it constitutes a closed passage
whose cross section area gradually decrease along
flow direction area is maximum at inlet and nearly
zero at exit
guide vanes-these vanes direct the water on the
runner at an angle appropriate to the design,
controlled by hand wheel or governor

8. Governing mechanism-it changes the position of
guide vanes to affect a variation in water flow rate,
when the load condition on the turbine changes
Runner and runner blades-the driving force on the
runner is both due to impulse and reaction
effect(usually runner blades 16-24).
Draft tube-it is generally an expending tube which
discharges the water, passing through the runner to
the tail race.

9. Hydraulic Efficiency - It is ratio of power developed by the runner of a
turbine to the power supplied by the water at the inlet.
ηh =
Power developed by the runner
Power available at the inlet
Mechanical Efficiency – It is ratio of power available at the shaft to power
developed at the runner.
ηm =
Power at the shaft of the turbine
Power developed by the runner

10. • Volumetric Efficiency - It is ratio of volume of the water actually striking
the runner to the volume of water supplied to the turbine.
• Volumetric efficiency ηv =
volume of water striking the bucket
volume of water supplied to the turbine
• Overall Efficiency - It is ratio of power available at the shaft of the
turbine to the power supplied by the water at the inlet of the turbine.
• Overall efficiency ηov =
Power available to the shaft
Power suppied at the inlet
Normal overall efficiency ηov = ηv ∙ ηm ∙ ηh

14. It is most widely used turbine in world (70-80%).
Effective use of water pressure as well as velocity.
It is American standard turbine.
Very good efficiency (80-94%).

15. Cost is high.
Due to it’s complex design and large no of moving
parts, maintenance and repair is difficult and costly.
It is applicable to flow of medium head only.