The document describes the key points of the kinetic particle theory. It explains that kinetic particle theory views matter as being made up of tiny particles in constant random motion. It also describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of the arrangement and motion of particles. Specifically, it explains how the properties of each state, such as compressibility and ability to change shape, can be understood by considering the forces between particles and how tightly or loosely packed they are.
1.Distinguish the three states of matter in terms of movement of the particles
2.Relate the three states of matter with energy of movement of particles in them
3. Describe the changes of state using kinetic theory
Boiling, Vaporization, Melting, Fusion, Evaporation,
Condensation, Sublimation, Deposition,Freezing
1.Distinguish the three states of matter in terms of movement of the particles
2.Relate the three states of matter with energy of movement of particles in them
3. Describe the changes of state using kinetic theory
Boiling, Vaporization, Melting, Fusion, Evaporation,
Condensation, Sublimation, Deposition,Freezing
Discover the three states of matter by going through all slides. If you want any slide show which you are into, please comment down below and I will try my best to upload it for you.
A presentation that provides basic knowledge of the Kinetic Model of Matter. It sheds light on introductory concepts about the arrangement and motion of particles in each of the 3 states of matter. The presentation clearly and graphically explains the processes of changes in states of matter in a straightforward tone using simple language. A brief overview of the major gas laws is also given. Suggested for the IGCSE and O Level Physics and Chemistry lessons.
Discover the three states of matter by going through all slides. If you want any slide show which you are into, please comment down below and I will try my best to upload it for you.
A presentation that provides basic knowledge of the Kinetic Model of Matter. It sheds light on introductory concepts about the arrangement and motion of particles in each of the 3 states of matter. The presentation clearly and graphically explains the processes of changes in states of matter in a straightforward tone using simple language. A brief overview of the major gas laws is also given. Suggested for the IGCSE and O Level Physics and Chemistry lessons.
Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particle separation, arrangement and types of motion
State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
• Describe and explain diffusion (1 core)
• Describe evidence for the movement of particles in gases and liquids (1 core)
Describe changes of state in terms of melting, boiling, evaporation, freezing, condensation and sublimation
Explain changes of state in terms of the kinetictheory
Lesson teaches students about Matter (grades 6-8) & talks about the atomic models & the history behind the way it has been established through physics.
This Lesson Also Includes:
1. Physical & Chemical Changes
2. States of Matter & Phase Changes in Matter
3. Molecular Movements in a Solid, Liquid, & Vapor
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
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In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
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The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
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GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
2. You are expected to…
•
describe the three states of matter and explain their interconversion in terms of the kinetic particle theory.
•
show understanding that Brownian motion provides
evidence for the kinetic molecular model of matter.
•
explain everyday effects of diffusion in terms of particles,
e.g. the spread of perfumes and tea/coffee grains in water.
•
describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids,
liquids and gases, relating their properties to the forces and
distances between molecules and to the motion of the
molecules.
3. Recall: What is Matter?
•
Objects that have mass and occupy space
are called matter.
5. Recall: How do we classify matter?
• What are the three
states of matter?
Matter
• Do you know that there
are more than three
states of matter?
- Plasma
- Bose-Einstein
condensate
Solid
Liquid
Gas
6. Recall: Properties of each state of
matter
Solids
Shape
fixed shape
Volume
fixed volume
Ability to be
compressed
Liquids
Gases
no fixed shape no fixed shape
fixed volume
no fixed
volume
incompressible incompressible compressible
7. What is matter made of?
Let’s see what the
philosophers have
to tell us…
8. Democritus
“…if one were to break up matter
into smaller and smaller piece,
there would come a point when it
could no longer be divided
further.”
He called this smallest indivisible
bit of matter ‘atom’ (from the
Greek word atomos which means
indivisible).
Greek Philosopher
(460 B.C. – 370 B.C.)
9. Aristotle
“Matter has a continuous
composition and that it can be
broken down into smaller and
smaller pieces forever.”
Aristotle was highly regarded and
most people followed his school of
thought about the nature of
matter
Philosopher
(384 B.C. – 322 B.C.)
12. Brownian Motion
Think, Pair, Share
• Describe the motion of pollen grains in water and the smoke
particles in air.
– Moving constantly in a random or irregular motion
• What caused these motions?
– Pollen grains and smoke particles were bombarded by water
molecules and air particles respectively which themselves were
moving constantly and randomly.
13. Brownian Motion
• The constant and random motion of small solid particles in
fluids (liquids and gases) is called Brownian motion.
• Brownian motion provided the evidence of molecular motion
& proved the existence of particles that cannot be observed
with a normal microscope.
• Just for info:
Brownian motion is first observed in 1827 by Robert Brown.
Through the microscope, he observed the motion of pollen
grains suspended in water. However, he was unable to
provide an explanation for Brownian motion.
14. Particles that make up of matter
• Using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), scientists are
now able to observes the particles that make up matter.
Gold atoms
16. So, who’s right?
In conclusion…
Matter is made up of discrete
(separate not continuous) particles
which are in constant and random
motion.
In other words…
Democritus
(460 B.C. – 370 B.C.)
Democritus’ proposal that matter is
made up of tiny particles is right!
17. Kinetic Model of Matter (Kinetic
Particle Theory)
• Based on observations, a model (Kinetic Model of
Matter) which explains the nature of matter was
proposed.
• The Kinetic Model of Matter (Kinetic Particle
Theory) states that matter is made of tiny discrete
particles (atoms or molecules), which are in
constant and random motion.
• Energy due to movement = Kinetic energy
18. Remembered this?
Solids
Shape
fixed shape
Volume
fixed volume
Ability to be
compressed
Liquids
Gases
no fixed shape no fixed shape
fixed volume
no fixed
volume
incompressible incompressible compressible
Kinetic Model of Matter can be used to explain the
properties for each state of matter
20. Video: Things to look out for
•Arrangement of
particles
•Motion of particles
•Attractive forces
between particles
•Speed of particles
(if any)
21. Particles in a Solid
Arrangement Closely packed together in a
fixed, regular pattern, occupying
minimum space.
This results in solids having high
densities
22. Particles in a Solid
Movement
Cannot move freely but vibrate
about fixed positions.
Held in position by very strong
attractive forces
This explains why solids have
fixed volumes and shapes
23. Particles in a Liquid
Arrangement
Randomly arranged with
the particles slightly
further apart as
compared to that of
solids.
This results in liquids
having relatively high
densities
24. Particles in a Liquid
Movement
Particles slide past one
another
Free to move about but
confined within the
vessel containing it.
Have attractive forces
between particles.
This explains why liquids
have fixed volume but
will take the shape of
vessels containing them.
25. Particles in a Gas
Arrangement
Very far apart. Particles
are randomly arranged
and will occupy any
available space.
This results in gases
having relatively very
low densities
26. Particles in a Gas
Movement
Particles have very little
attraction between them
and move about
randomly at a very high
speed..
This explains why gases
have no fixed volume
and shape, and why they
are highly compressible.
27. The states of matter
• The relative strength of the intermolecular
forces between the particles differ between
the different states of matter
28. The states of matter
• The relative distances between the particles
also differ between the different states of
matter
29. A Summary…
• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies
space
• All matter can exist in 3 physical states,
– Solid
– Liquid
– Gas
depending on the temperature and pressure
of their surroundings
30. Solid
Liquid
Gas
Fixed
Fixed
Takes the
volume of its
container
Shape
Fixed
Takes the shape
of the part of
the container it
fills
Takes the shape
of the container
Density
High
Medium
Low
Expansion
on heating
Little
Moderate
Large
Ease of
compression
Difficult
Difficult
Easy
Volume
31. A Summary…
So why do solids, liquids and gases
have such different properties?
Kinetic Particle Theory
32. Kinetic Particle Theory
• Matter is made of tiny discrete particles
(atoms or molecules), which are in constant
and random motion.
• Energy due to movement = Kinetic energy
33. Evidence of Kinetic Particle Theory?
• Diffusion – particles moving randomly from a
region of high concentration to lower
concentration
• in gases
• in liquids
• in solids???
34. Thinking Question:
• Now that you know the arrangement
/movement of particles in solids, liquids and
gases, can you compare the rates of particle
movement (diffusion) in liquids and gases, and
explain why it is so?
35. Thinking Question:
• If a solid is usually more dense than a liquid,
why does ice float on water?
38. Change in State of Matter
gas
Temperature / °C
liquid-gas
liqu
id
boiling point
boiling
solid-liquid
sol
id
melting point
I
melting
II
III
IV
V
Time / s
39. Change in State of Matter
Temperature / °C
gas
liquid-gas
condensation
point
condensation
liquid
solid-liquid
freezing point
freezing
I
II
III
IV
solid
V
Time / s
41. Melting
• When a solid is heated, the particles absorb thermal
energy. The particles gain kinetic energy and start to
vibrate faster and move further apart . At a certain
temperature known as the melting point, the particles
have enough kinetic energy to overcome the strong
forces of attraction holding the particles together in the
solid. The particles start to break away from one
another and the solid becomes a liquid.
• At the liquid state, the particles start to roll and slide
over one another
42. Melting
• In other words, during phase II (melting), thermal energy
supplied is used to do work to overcome the strong forces of
attraction holding the particles together in the solid.
Temperature / °C
boiling point
melting point
I
II
III
IV
V
Time / s
43. Freezing
• When a solid is cooled, the particles release
thermal energy. The particles lose kinetic
energy and vibrate slower. At a certain
temperature known as the freezing point, the
particles no longer have enough kinetic
energy to overcome the strong forces of
attraction holding them together. The
particles start to come together in a regular
arrangement and the liquid becomes a solid.
44. Boiling
• Particles in a liquid are held by strong attractive
forces.
• When a liquid is heated, the particles absorb thermal
energy. The particles gain kinetic energy and slide
over each other more rapidly.
• Eventually, the particles gain sufficient energy to
overcome the attractive forces between the
particles in a liquid and move far apart rapidly in all
directions.
45. Summary of today’s lesson
• All matter is made up of a tiny discrete
particles in constant random motion
• The particles in a solid, liquid and gas are
arranged differently – so they have different
properties
• During change of state, the particles gain or
lose energy, resulting in a change in the
arrangement of the particles
46. Thinking question
• A liquid expands and changes into gas during
boiling. Does it mean that the particles in a
liquid become bigger and change their shape?
• The liquid expands because the particles move
farther apart, so the space between them is
bigger. The particle remain the same in size
and shape.