The document discusses the four states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It describes their characteristic properties at a microscopic level, focusing on particle arrangement, energy, and distance between particles. The document also covers phase changes, kinetic theory, temperature, physical and chemical properties of matter, and evidence of chemical changes.

1. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 1
States of Matter
Chemistry
The Four States of Matter

2. What is matter?
 Any substance that has mass and takes
up space.
 Brian Pop Video
 http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/16
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 2

3. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 3
States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Four States
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

4. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 4
States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Basis of Classification of the Four Types
particle arrangement
energy of particles
distance between particles

5. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 5
States of Matter
Solids
Particles of solids are tightly packed,
vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a
definite volume.
Particles move slowly.

6. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 6
States of Matter
Solids
Particle Movement Examples

7. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 7
States of Matter
Liquids
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but
are far enough apart to slide over one
another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a
definite volume. Take shape of container.
Ex. Juice in glass
Particles move more quickly.

8. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 8
States of Matter
Liquids
Particle Movement Examples

9. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 9
States of Matter
Gases
Particles of gases are very far apart
and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and
an indefinite volume.
Particles move very fast.

10. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 10
Gases
Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter

11. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 11
States of Matter
Plasma
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of
electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite
shape and an indefinite volume.
Give off energy.

12. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 12
States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume
because the particles are locked into place
Solids are not easily compressible because there
is little free space between particles
Solids do not flow easily because the particles
cannot move/slide past one another

13. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 13
States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape because the
particles can slide past one another.
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a
definite volume because there is little free space
between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can
move/slide past one another.

14. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 14
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite
volume because the particles can move past one
another.
Gases are easily compressible because there is a
great deal of free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particles
randomly move past one another.
States of Matter

15. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 15
States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
The Classification and Properties of Matter
Depend Upon Microscopic Structure
Particle arrangement
Particle energy
Particle to particle distance

16.  States of Matter Video
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 16

17. Phase Changes
 When one phase changes to another.
 Particles must change their kinetic
energy, how fast they are moving.
 You can do this by adding or taking
away heat.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 17

18. Phase Changes
 solid liquid = melting
 liquid solid = freezing
 liquid gas = evaporation
 gas liquid = condensation
 solid gas = sublimation
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 18

19. Kinetic Theory of Matter
 The atoms and molecules that make up
matter are in constant motion, and that
motion changes as the temperature
changes.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 19

20. Temperature
 During a phase change the temperature
of a substance stays the same.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 20

21. Physical Properties of Matter
 Any characteristic of a material that can
be observed or measured without
changing the composition of the
substance.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 21

22. Examples of Physical Properties
 Viscosity-resistance to flow
 Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow
 Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared
without shattering
 Hardness-scratch test
 Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to
liquid
 Density-ratio of mass to volume
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 22

23.  Video showing difference between
physical and chemical properties.
 http://youtu.be/6WjBM-ZgysQ
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 23

24. Separate Mixtures
 Filtration-process that separates
materials based on the size of particles
 Distillation-process that separates the
substances in a solution based on
boiling points.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 24

25. Chemical Changes
 When substances react with each other
and form one or more new substances.
– Tree leaves change color
– Wood burning
– Baking a cake
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 25

26. Chemical Properties
 Flammability-ability to burn in presence
of oxygen
 Reactivity-how readily a substance
combines with other substances.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 26

27. Evidence of Chemical Change
 Change in color
 Production of gas
 Formation of a precipitate-any solid that
forms and separates from a liquid
mixture.
– Cottage cheese
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 27

28.  Thank you
 I hope you like my presentation
Chumbler - Properties of Matter 28