The document discusses the key differences between the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that solids retain a fixed shape and volume, liquids take the shape of their container, and gases fill their entire container and are easily compressed. On a microscopic level, solids have particles that are locked in place, liquids have particles that can move past one another, and gases have many empty spaces between particles allowing them to move freely. The document also defines physical and chemical properties of matter and physical and chemical changes.

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2. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Mass: is an actual measurement of the amount of matter present. ark434/jsb154/srsa/july2009

3. Physical properties: Properties of matter that can be observed or measured without trying to change the composition of the matter being studied. Chemical properties: Properties matter demonstrates when attempts are made to change it into new substances. Physical changes: Changes matter undergoes without changing composition. Chemical changes: Changes matter undergoes that involves changes in composition. ark434/jsb154/srsa/july2009

4. ark434/jsb154/srsa/july2009 3 states of Matter Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior solid liquid gas retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another not easily compressible little free space between particles not easily compressible little free space between particles compressible lots of free space between particles does not flow easily rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one another flows easily particles can move/slide past one another flows easily particles can move past one another

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6. ark434/jsb154/srsa/july2009 Matter can be classified:

7. Elements are substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances Each element is assigned a unique chemical symbol Most are one or two letters First letter is always capitalized All remaining letters are lowercase Names and chemical symbols of the elements are listed on the inside front cover of the book

8. Compounds are substances formed from two or more different elements combined in a fixed proportion by mass The physical and chemical properties of a compound are, in general, different than the physical and chemical properties of the elements of which it is comprised Elements and compounds are examples of pure substances whose composition is the same, regardless of source

9. A mixture consists of varying amounts of two or more elements or compounds Homogeneous mixtures or solutions have the same properties throughout the sample Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more phases