The document discusses the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. Students are instructed to arrange themselves into groups modeling each state. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with particles exhibiting strong attractions. Liquids have a definite volume but not shape, taking the form of their container. Gas particles have no definite shape or volume and are far apart with little attraction. Density is then introduced as the ratio of mass to volume, with more dense substances having more closely packed particles.

1. DO NOW
Arrange yourselves, evenly, into 3Arrange yourselves, evenly, into 3
separate groups – SOLIDS,separate groups – SOLIDS,
LIQUIDS, AND GASES. EachLIQUIDS, AND GASES. Each
group member will pretend to be agroup member will pretend to be a
particle of that state of matterparticle of that state of matter
and the group should arrangeand the group should arrange
themselves in such a way as tothemselves in such a way as to
model what each state looks like.model what each state looks like.

2. States of MatterStates of Matter
Solids, Liquids, and GasesSolids, Liquids, and Gases
It’s all about understanding theIt’s all about understanding the
relationships between the particles!relationships between the particles!

3. What is Matter?
Matter is anything
that has mass and
takes up space.

4. Kinetic Theory
• Kinetos –Kinetos – “to move”“to move”
• The theory states that “all particles ofThe theory states that “all particles of
matter are in constant motion.”matter are in constant motion.”
• Can be applied to solids, liquids, andCan be applied to solids, liquids, and
gases.gases.

5. Definition of a SOLID:
• Has a definite shape and volume
• Can change shape if altered.
• Solids can be crystalline – regular
repeating pattern of particles (salt,
snow, desks)
• Solids can be amorphous – non-regular
patterns of particles (butter, silly
putty, rubber, plastics, glass)

6. Behavior of Solid Particles
• Particles exhibit strong attractions dueParticles exhibit strong attractions due
to their close proximity.to their close proximity.
• Particles are inParticles are in
motion similar tomotion similar to
wiggling in yourwiggling in your
seats.seats.

7. Definition of a LIQUID:
• Definite volume but not definite shape.
• Take on the shape of the container they
are in.
• Liquids are often called “fluids” –
substances that flow.
• Liquids can be poured.

8. Behavior of Liquid Particles
• Particles are more spread apart but still
have attractions between themselves.
• The more the particles
are attracted, the
more slowly that a
liquid will pour or
move (viscosity).

9. Definition of A GAS:
• No definite shape and no definite
volume.
• Take on the shape of the container they
are in.
• Can be compressed.

10. Behavior of Gases
• Particles are so far apart that there is little
or no attraction between them.
• Particles are crashing
into each other; some
slow down, others
speed up.
• These particles have
the highest energy.

11. Let’s look at some analogies!
How are billiard balls on a pool table like a
gas?

12. How is a school of fish like a liquid?

13. How are people in a sold-out movie
theater like a solid?

14. There are two other states of matter
that we need to mention:
• Plasma – 99% of all
of the matter in the
universe is made up
of plasma. When
matter occurs at
extremely high
temperatures, like
those found on the
sun or other stars, it
exists as plasma.

15. 1 1 Bose-EinsteinBose-Einstein
Condensate:Condensate: The stateThe state
of matter that existsof matter that exists
at extremely lowat extremely low
temperatures like thosetemperatures like those
reaching absolute zeroreaching absolute zero
(-273(-27300
C, or 0 Kelvin).C, or 0 Kelvin).
Particles move so slowlyParticles move so slowly
that they behave as ifthat they behave as if
they were just 1they were just 1
particle.particle.

16. What did you learn today?
Go back to your originalGo back to your original
groups and redo your models,groups and redo your models,
this time also explaining thethis time also explaining the
“WHY”.“WHY”.

17. DensityDensity
Now that you have some understanding of theNow that you have some understanding of the
states of matter and their particles, we muststates of matter and their particles, we must
look at a property of matter called density.look at a property of matter called density.
REMEMBER:REMEMBER:
MassMass = the amount of matter (stuff) in an= the amount of matter (stuff) in an
object.object.
VolumeVolume = the amount of space that an object= the amount of space that an object
takes up.takes up.
D=D=MMassass
VVolumeolume

18. Density = the ratio of mass to volumeDensity = the ratio of mass to volume
The more closely packed the particles,The more closely packed the particles,
the more dense the substance is.the more dense the substance is.
A good way to remember the ratio is:A good way to remember the ratio is:
D=D=