This document summarizes a study analyzing the kinematic performance of a 4-link planar serial manipulator. The study determines the condition number for the manipulator, which measures end effector velocity accuracy, from the Jacobian matrix. MATLAB is used to calculate the inverse Jacobian matrix, condition number, and other values for various joint angles and link lengths. The condition number indicates how close the manipulator is to an isotropic configuration.
A short PowerPoint presentation on robotic arm, its features and its development. Contains a video explanation, please download to watch it....Thanks for watching.
A short PowerPoint presentation on robotic arm, its features and its development. Contains a video explanation, please download to watch it....Thanks for watching.
Pick and place task is one among the most important tasks in industrial field handled by “Selective
Compliance Assembly Robot Arm” (SCARA). Repeatability with high-speed movement in horizontal plane is
remarkable feature of this type of manipulator. The challenge of design SCARA is the difficulty of achieving
stability of high-speed movement with long length of links. Shorter links arm can move more stable. This
condition made the links should be considered restrict then followed by restriction of operation area
(workspace). In this research, authors demonstrated on expanding SCARA robot’s workspace in horizontal area
via linear sliding actuator that embedded to base link of the robot arm. With one additional prismatic joint the
previous robot manipulator with 3 degree of freedom (3-DOF), 2 revolute joints and 1 prismatic joint is become
4-DOF PRRP manipulator. This designation increased workspace of robot from 0.5698m2 performed by the
previous arm (without linear actuator) to 1.1281m2 by the propose arm (with linear actuator). The increasing
rate was about 97.97% of workspace with the same links length. The result of experimentation also indicated
that the operation time spent to reach object position was also reduced.
Design and Analysis of Articulated Inspection Arm of RobotIJTET Journal
Nowadays Robot play a vital role in all the activities in human life including industrial needs. There is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dexterous devices, more degrees of-Freedom, and capabilities beyond the human arm. The ultimate objective is to save human lives in addition to increasing productivity and quality of high technology work environments. The objective of this project is to design, analysis of a Generic articulated robot Arm. This project deals with the modeling of a special class of single-link articulated inspection arms of robot. These arms consist of flexible massless structures having some masses concentrated at certain points of hollow sections at the beam. Some aspects of the articulated Robot that are anticipated as useful are its small cross section and its projected ability to change elevation and maneuver over obstacle require large joint torque to weight ratios for joint actuation. A knuckle joint actions actuation scheme is described and its implementation is detailed in this project. The parts of the (AIA) arm are analyzed for deflection and stress concentration under loading conditions in different angles.
Insect inspired hexapod robot for terrain navigationeSAT Journals
Abstract The aim of this paper is to build a sixlegged walking robot that is capable of basicmobility tasks such as walking forward, backward, rotating in place and raising orlowering the body height. The legs will be of a modular design and will have threedegrees of freedom each. This robot will serve as a platform onto which additionalsensory components could be added, or which could be programmed to performincreasingly complex motions. This report discusses the components that make up ourfinal design.In this paper we have selected ahexapod robot; we are focusing &developingmainly on efficient navigation method indifferent terrain using opposite gait of locomotion, which will make it faster and at sametime energy efficient to navigate and negotiate difficult terrain.This paper discuss the Features, development, and implementation of the Hexapod robot Index Terms:Biologically inspired, Gait Generation,Legged hexapod, Navigation.
Robotic Leg Design to Analysis the Human Leg Swing from Motion CapturejournalBEEI
In this paper presented the prototype of robotic leg has been designed, constructed and controlled. These prototype are designed from a geometric of human leg model with three joints moving in 2D plane. Robot has three degree of freedom using DC servo motor as a joint actuators: hip, knee and ankle. The mechanical leg constructed using aluminum alloy and acrylic material. The control movement of this system is based on motion capture data stored on a personal computer. The motions are recorded with a camera by use of a marker-based to track movement of human leg. Propose of this paper is design of robotic leg to present the analysis of motion of the human leg swing and to testing the system ability to create the movement from motion capture. The results of this study show that the design of robotic leg was capable for practical use of the human leg motion analysis. The accuracy of orientation angles of joints shows the average error on hip is 1.46º, knee is 1.66º, and ankle is 0.46º. In this research suggesting that the construction of mechanic is an important role in the stabilization of the movement sequence.
Unit v - Solved qb - Robotics EngineeringSanjay Singh
This Question Bank for Robotics Engineering is only for academic purpose and not for any commercial use. Students of Anna University and other Universities can use it for reference and knowledge.
MODELING (mechanical) AND ANALYSIS OF ROBO-ARM FOR PICK AND PLACE OPERATION I...ijsrd.com
Robo- arm is assembly of number of joints which can work in 180 degree direction that allows the object to 'move' in its require direction, and is commonly used in mechanical industry where pick and place operation are carried out .It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at maximum 90° to each other, connected by a pin joint .Now, this project is based from ceramic industry in which the robo-arm perform its operation for pick and place activity very quickly. Here, I design the mechanical structure of robo-arm. Robo-arm can work at which places where, human can't work continuously in ceramic industry. For example at Furnace division .Robo-arm has its own end effectors. with the help of it, rob-arm can pick the object easily and safely. Basic design concept is taken from ceramic industry at the furnace division where, the working temperature is more than ambient temperature .With the help robo -arm we can save the time and cost, as compare to crane operated loading system and manual belt conveyor system, because robo-arm can place the component at particular place of the part storage area.
Wall follower autonomous robot development applying fuzzy incremental controllerrajabco
This paper presents the design of an autonomous robot as a basic development of an intelligent wheeled mobile robot for air duct or corridor cleaning. The robot navigation is based on wall following algorithm. The robot is controlled us- ing fuzzy incremental controller (FIC) and embedded in PIC18F4550 microcontroller. FIC guides the robot to move along a wall in a desired direction by maintaining a constant distance to the wall. Two ultrasonic sensors are installed in the left side of the robot to sense the wall distance. The signals from these sensors are fed to FIC that then used to de- termine the speed control of two DC motors. The robot movement is obtained through differentiating the speed of these two motors. The experimental results show that FIC is successfully controlling the robot to follow the wall as a guid- ance line and has good performance compare with PID controller.
Slide show demonstrating pick and place robot and its parts.
Also effects are implanted in the slide.
It can be helpful for students for academic projects.
Introduction
Types of end effectors
Mechanical gripper
Other types of grippers
Tools as end effectors
The Robot/End effectors interface
Considerations in gripper selection and design
The efficiency of the inference system knowledge strategy for the position co...eSAT Journals
Abstract The robot manipulator is a mechanical system multi-articulated, in which each articulation is driven individually by an electric actuator is the most robot used in industry, this system need an efficient control strategy. In this present work we present a new approach for a robot manipulator with two degrees of freedom based on the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to ensure the position robot control strategy, the proposed control scheme is based on nonlinear dynamic model derived using Lagrange-Euler formulation. Our robot manipulator fuzzy inference system control’s simulated in Matlab Simulink environment, the results obtained present the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed control with good performances compared with the classical PID. Keywords: Robot manipulator, Fuzzy Logic, PID.
Pick and place task is one among the most important tasks in industrial field handled by “Selective
Compliance Assembly Robot Arm” (SCARA). Repeatability with high-speed movement in horizontal plane is
remarkable feature of this type of manipulator. The challenge of design SCARA is the difficulty of achieving
stability of high-speed movement with long length of links. Shorter links arm can move more stable. This
condition made the links should be considered restrict then followed by restriction of operation area
(workspace). In this research, authors demonstrated on expanding SCARA robot’s workspace in horizontal area
via linear sliding actuator that embedded to base link of the robot arm. With one additional prismatic joint the
previous robot manipulator with 3 degree of freedom (3-DOF), 2 revolute joints and 1 prismatic joint is become
4-DOF PRRP manipulator. This designation increased workspace of robot from 0.5698m2 performed by the
previous arm (without linear actuator) to 1.1281m2 by the propose arm (with linear actuator). The increasing
rate was about 97.97% of workspace with the same links length. The result of experimentation also indicated
that the operation time spent to reach object position was also reduced.
Design and Analysis of Articulated Inspection Arm of RobotIJTET Journal
Nowadays Robot play a vital role in all the activities in human life including industrial needs. There is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dexterous devices, more degrees of-Freedom, and capabilities beyond the human arm. The ultimate objective is to save human lives in addition to increasing productivity and quality of high technology work environments. The objective of this project is to design, analysis of a Generic articulated robot Arm. This project deals with the modeling of a special class of single-link articulated inspection arms of robot. These arms consist of flexible massless structures having some masses concentrated at certain points of hollow sections at the beam. Some aspects of the articulated Robot that are anticipated as useful are its small cross section and its projected ability to change elevation and maneuver over obstacle require large joint torque to weight ratios for joint actuation. A knuckle joint actions actuation scheme is described and its implementation is detailed in this project. The parts of the (AIA) arm are analyzed for deflection and stress concentration under loading conditions in different angles.
Insect inspired hexapod robot for terrain navigationeSAT Journals
Abstract The aim of this paper is to build a sixlegged walking robot that is capable of basicmobility tasks such as walking forward, backward, rotating in place and raising orlowering the body height. The legs will be of a modular design and will have threedegrees of freedom each. This robot will serve as a platform onto which additionalsensory components could be added, or which could be programmed to performincreasingly complex motions. This report discusses the components that make up ourfinal design.In this paper we have selected ahexapod robot; we are focusing &developingmainly on efficient navigation method indifferent terrain using opposite gait of locomotion, which will make it faster and at sametime energy efficient to navigate and negotiate difficult terrain.This paper discuss the Features, development, and implementation of the Hexapod robot Index Terms:Biologically inspired, Gait Generation,Legged hexapod, Navigation.
Robotic Leg Design to Analysis the Human Leg Swing from Motion CapturejournalBEEI
In this paper presented the prototype of robotic leg has been designed, constructed and controlled. These prototype are designed from a geometric of human leg model with three joints moving in 2D plane. Robot has three degree of freedom using DC servo motor as a joint actuators: hip, knee and ankle. The mechanical leg constructed using aluminum alloy and acrylic material. The control movement of this system is based on motion capture data stored on a personal computer. The motions are recorded with a camera by use of a marker-based to track movement of human leg. Propose of this paper is design of robotic leg to present the analysis of motion of the human leg swing and to testing the system ability to create the movement from motion capture. The results of this study show that the design of robotic leg was capable for practical use of the human leg motion analysis. The accuracy of orientation angles of joints shows the average error on hip is 1.46º, knee is 1.66º, and ankle is 0.46º. In this research suggesting that the construction of mechanic is an important role in the stabilization of the movement sequence.
Unit v - Solved qb - Robotics EngineeringSanjay Singh
This Question Bank for Robotics Engineering is only for academic purpose and not for any commercial use. Students of Anna University and other Universities can use it for reference and knowledge.
MODELING (mechanical) AND ANALYSIS OF ROBO-ARM FOR PICK AND PLACE OPERATION I...ijsrd.com
Robo- arm is assembly of number of joints which can work in 180 degree direction that allows the object to 'move' in its require direction, and is commonly used in mechanical industry where pick and place operation are carried out .It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at maximum 90° to each other, connected by a pin joint .Now, this project is based from ceramic industry in which the robo-arm perform its operation for pick and place activity very quickly. Here, I design the mechanical structure of robo-arm. Robo-arm can work at which places where, human can't work continuously in ceramic industry. For example at Furnace division .Robo-arm has its own end effectors. with the help of it, rob-arm can pick the object easily and safely. Basic design concept is taken from ceramic industry at the furnace division where, the working temperature is more than ambient temperature .With the help robo -arm we can save the time and cost, as compare to crane operated loading system and manual belt conveyor system, because robo-arm can place the component at particular place of the part storage area.
Wall follower autonomous robot development applying fuzzy incremental controllerrajabco
This paper presents the design of an autonomous robot as a basic development of an intelligent wheeled mobile robot for air duct or corridor cleaning. The robot navigation is based on wall following algorithm. The robot is controlled us- ing fuzzy incremental controller (FIC) and embedded in PIC18F4550 microcontroller. FIC guides the robot to move along a wall in a desired direction by maintaining a constant distance to the wall. Two ultrasonic sensors are installed in the left side of the robot to sense the wall distance. The signals from these sensors are fed to FIC that then used to de- termine the speed control of two DC motors. The robot movement is obtained through differentiating the speed of these two motors. The experimental results show that FIC is successfully controlling the robot to follow the wall as a guid- ance line and has good performance compare with PID controller.
Slide show demonstrating pick and place robot and its parts.
Also effects are implanted in the slide.
It can be helpful for students for academic projects.
Introduction
Types of end effectors
Mechanical gripper
Other types of grippers
Tools as end effectors
The Robot/End effectors interface
Considerations in gripper selection and design
The efficiency of the inference system knowledge strategy for the position co...eSAT Journals
Abstract The robot manipulator is a mechanical system multi-articulated, in which each articulation is driven individually by an electric actuator is the most robot used in industry, this system need an efficient control strategy. In this present work we present a new approach for a robot manipulator with two degrees of freedom based on the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to ensure the position robot control strategy, the proposed control scheme is based on nonlinear dynamic model derived using Lagrange-Euler formulation. Our robot manipulator fuzzy inference system control’s simulated in Matlab Simulink environment, the results obtained present the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed control with good performances compared with the classical PID. Keywords: Robot manipulator, Fuzzy Logic, PID.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effects of aging time on mechanical properties of sand cast al 4.5 cu alloyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Feature extraction from asthma patient’s voice using mel frequency cepstral c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mechatronics engineering education in republic of benin opportunities and cha...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Traffic studies of urban mid block section a case study of pragatinagar to ak...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Information security risk assessment under uncertainty using dynamic bayesian...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bearing fault detection using acoustic emission signals analyzed by empirical...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fractals for complexity analysis of diabetic retinopathy in retinal vasculatu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of cobalt chloride on the oxygen consumption and ventilation rate of a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Artificial Control of PUMA Robot Manipulator: A-Review of Fuzzy Inference Eng...Waqas Tariq
One of the most important challenges in the field of robotics is robot manipulators control with acceptable performance, because these systems are multi-input multi-output (MIMO), nonlinear and uncertainty. Presently, robot manipulators are used in different (unknown and/or unstructured) situation consequently caused to provide complicated systems, as a result strong mathematical theory are used in new control methodologies to design nonlinear robust controller with acceptable performance (e.g., minimum error, good trajectory, disturbance rejection). Classical and non-classical methods are two main categories of robot manipulators control, where the conventional (classical) control theory uses the classical method and the non-classical control theory (e.g., fuzzy logic, neural network, and neuro fuzzy) uses the artificial intelligence methods. However both of conventional and artificial intelligence theories have applied effectively in many areas, but these methods also have some limitations. This paper is focused on review of fuzzy logic controller and applied to PUMA robot manipulator.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Automation and Robotics Week 08 Theory Notes 20ME51I.pdfTHANMAY JS
Day 01 Session:
Concepts of Industrial Robots, Applications of Robotics, Types of robots,
Configurations of robots – Articulated Robot, Polar configuration, SCARA,
Cartesian Co-ordinate Robot, Delta Robot, Key Components of Robot.
Day 02 Session:
Wrist configuration, Work Volume Degree of Freedom- Forward and Back, Up and Down, Left and Right,
Pitch, Yaw, Roll, Joint Notation & Type of joints in robot- Linear Joint (L Joint), Orthogonal Joint (O Joint),
Rotational Joint (R Joint), Twisting Joint (T Joint), Revolving Joint (V Joint)
End Effectors- Grippers, Tools, Types of grippers, Factors to be considered for Selecting a Gripper,
Robotic Drives- Electric Drive, Pneumatic Drive, Hydraulic Drive
Day 03 Session:
Robot Control systems-
• Point- to Point control Systems
• Continuous Path Control
• Intelligent control
• Controller Components
• System Control
Robotic Coordinate system using a robot
• Joint co-ordinate system
• Rectangular co-ordinate system
• User or object coordinate system
• Tool coordinate system.
Steps to define user co-ordinate system.
• Defining X, Y, Z co-ordinate system
• Verifying co-ordinate system by multiple motion movements.
Design and Implementation of Pick and Place Robotic Armpaperpublications3
Abstract: Robot manipulator is an essential motion subsystem component of robotic system for positioning, orientating object so that robot can perform useful task. The main objectives of this project are to design and implement a 4-DOF pick and place robotic arm. This project can be self-operational in controlling, stating with simple tasks such as gripping, lifting, placing and releasing. In this project, the focus is on 4-DOF articulated arm. Articulated arm consists of revolute joints that allowed angular movement between adjacent joint. Four servo motors were used in this project to perform four degree of freedom (4-DOF). There are numerous dimensions over which robotic arms can be evaluated, such as torque, payload, speed, range, repeatability and cost, to name a few. Robot manipulators are designed to execute required movements. Their controller design is equally important. The robot arm is controlled by a serial servo controller circuit board. The controller used for servo motor actuation is ATmega 16 Development board.
Introduction to robotics, Laws,Classification,Types, Drives,Geometry Mohammad Ehtasham
Introduction to robotics , Basic overview ,Classification of robotics,laws of robotics,Types of robot, Robot Geometry, Robot drives, Some of the key benefits of robots in industry and society
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Similar to Kinematic performance analysis of 4 link planar serial manipulator (20)
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Kinematic performance analysis of 4 link planar serial manipulator
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 179
KINEMATIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 4-LINK PLANAR
SERIAL MANIPULATOR
K.Balaji1
, K.Brahma Raju2
, M.Surya Narayana3
1
Asst. Professor, Dept of ME., SIET, Amalapuram, A.P., India
2
Professor & HOD, Dept of ME., S.R.K.R. Engineering College, A.P., India
3
Asst. Professor, Dept of ME., Pragathi Engineering College, A.P. India
Abstract
This investigation is all about determining condition number for four link planner serial manipulator. Condition number which
measures the accuracy of end effector velocity is obtained from the Jacobian matrix of the four link planner serial manipulator.
Inverse of a non-square matrix in the calculation of the condition number. Pseudo inverse procedure is used for the calculation of
inverse of jacobian matrix using condition number. Isotropic condition for manipulator is found. “MAT Lab” 6.1.0 version is used
to determine the condition number which is recently developed for complex matrix manipulations. A computer program in “MAT
Lab” is written for finding Jocobian matrix, inverse of Jacobian matrix, norm of jacobian and norm of Jacobian matrix and the
condition number for various input joint angles and link lengths.
Keywords: Serial manipulator, Condition number, Jacobian matrix, MAT Lab,
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1. INTRODUCTION
Since the industrial Revolution there has been an ever-
increasing demand to improve product quality and reducing
cost. At the beginning of the 20th
century, Ford motor
company introduced the concept of mass production. In
mass production each production machine is designed to
perform a predetermined task, every time a new model is
introduced, the entire production line has o be shut down
and retooled. Retooling production line during each model
change can be very expensive. To overcome the above
problem robot manipulators have been introduced by
manufacturing industries for performing certain production
tasks, such as material handling, spot welding, spray
painting and assembling. As robot manipulators controlled
by computers or microprocessors, they can easily be
reprogrammed for different tasks. Hence there is no need to
replace these machines during a model change. We call this
type of automation as flexible automation.
Robotics is the science of designing and building robots for
real life applications in automated manufacturing and other
non- manufacturing environments. Robots are the means of
performing multi actives for man’s welfare and integrate
manner, maintain their arm flexibility to do any work
effecting enhanced productivity, guarantying quality,
assuring reliability and ensuring safety to the workers. There
is only one definition of an industrial robot that is
internationally accepted. It was developed by group of
industrial scientists from the robotics industries association
(R.I.A) formerly, Robotics Institute of American 1979.
According to them, “An industrial robot is a
reprogrammable, multi-functional manipulator, designed to
move material, parts, tools or special devices through
variable programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks’. An industrial robot is a general purpose
programmable machine which possesses certain
anthropomorphic or human like characteristics. The most
typical human like characteristic of present day robots is
their movable arms. The Word the Writer Kernel Capek
introduced in “Robot” to the English language in 1921. In
this work, the robots are machines that resemble people, but
work tirelessly. Among science fiction writers, Isaac
Asimov has contributed a number of stories staring in 1939
and introduced the term “Robotic”.
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there were
number of mechanical devices that had some of the features
of robots. During the late 1940’s research programs were
started the Oak Ride and Argon national laboratories to
develop remotely controlled mechanical manipulator for the
handling radioactive material. In the mid 1950’s George C.
Devol developed a device. Further development of this
concept by Devol and Joseph F. Engelbreges led to the
industrial Robot. In the 1960 the flexibility of these
machines were enhanced significantly by the use of sensors
feedback. In the 1970 the Stanford arm a small electrically
powered robot arm, developed at Stanford University. Some
of the most serious work in Robotics began as these arms
were used as robot manipulators. During 1970’s great deal
of research work focused on use of external sensors to
facilitate manipulative operations. In the 1980’s several of
the programming system were produced. Today we viewed
robotics as much broader field of work than we did just a
few years ago dealing with research development in a
number of interdisciplinary areas including kinematics,
planning systems, sensing, programming languages and
machine intelligence.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 180
Moving the robot joints. Four types of joints used on
commercial robots. The first two types adapted from a
SCARA type robot. The second set a revolute type robot. A
sliding joint which moves along the single Cartesian axis. It
is also known as a linear joint, a Translational joint,
Cartesian joint or a prismatic joint. The remaining joints are
rotational joints. Since they all result in angular movement.
Their chief distinction is the plane of motion that they
support. In the first type, the two links are in different planes
and angular motion is in the plane of the second link (1),
the second type provides rotation in a plane 900
from the line
of either arm link (2), in the case the two links always lie
long a straight line. The third joint is a hinge type (3) that
restricts angular movement to the of both arm links. In this
case the links always stay in the same plane. The
combination of joints determines the type of robots. Most
robot have three or four major joints that define their work
envelope (i.e the area that their end effector can reach)
actions that control wrist motion usually provide only tool
orientation and do not affect work envelope.
2. ROBOT KINEMATICS
Robot kinematics is a study of the geometry of manipulator
arm motions. Since the performance of specific tasks is
achieved through the movement of manipulator arm
linkages, kinematics is a fundament tool in manipulator
design and control. A manipulator consists of a series of
rigid bodies (links) connected by mean of kinematic pairs or
joints. Joints can be essentially of two types; revolute and
prismatic. The whole structure forms a kinematic chain. One
end of the other end allowing manipulation of objects in
space.
A kinematic chain is termed open when there is only
sequence of links connecting the two ends of the chain.
Alternatively, a manipulator contains a closed kinematic
chain when a sequence of link forms a loop. For a robot to
perform a specific task, the location of the end effector
relative to the base should be established first. This is called
position analysis problem. There are two types of position
analysis problems; direct position or direct kinematic and
inverse position or inverse kinematics problems. For direct
kinematic, the joint variables are given and the problem is to
find the location of the end effector. The key to the solution
of the direct kinematics problem was the Denavit-
Hartenberg representation. The relationship between the
joint velocities and the corresponding effector linear and
angular velocities and derived by differential kinematic. This
relation described by matrix, termed geometric Jacobian,
which depends on the manipulator configuration.
3. THE DENAVIT-HARTENBERG
REPRESENTATION
For describing the kinematic relationship between a pair of
adjacent links involved in a kinematic chain. The D-H
notation is a systematic method of describing the kinematic
relationship. The method is based on 4x4 matrix
representation of a rigid body position and orientation. It
uses minimum number of parameters to completely describe
the kinematic relationship.
Fig. Shows a pair of adjacent links; link i-1 and link I and
their associated joint i-1 and i+1; the origin of the ith
frame is
located at the inter section of joint axes i+1 and common
normal between the axes I and i+1. The xi axis is directed
along the extension link of the common normal. While Zi
axis is along the joint axis i+1. Finally the yi axis chosen
such that relative resultant frame oi-xiyizi forms right hand
coordinate systems.
i is the angle between xi-1 and the common normal HiOi
measured about Zi-1 axis in right hand hand sense. Alpha is
the angle between joint axis i and Zi axis. The parameter ai
and αi are constant and they are determined by the geometry
of the link. i and di are varies as the joint moves. Fig shows
two link coordinates frames oi-xiyizi and oi-1-xi-1yi-1zi-1 and
intermediate frame Hi-x’iy’iz’I attached at point Hi.
4. FORMULATION OF JACOBIAN MATRIX
The relationship between the joint velocities and
corresponding end-effector linear and angular velocities are
mapping by a matrix which is known as “Jacobian Matrix”.
Consider n- degree of mobility of manipulator. The direct
kinematic equation can be written in the form
Where q=[q1……………..qn]T
is the vector of joint
variables. If ‘q’ varies end effector position and orientation
varies.
The differential kinematics gives the relationship between
joint velocities and end effector linear velocity and angular
velocities. It is desired to express the end effector linear
velocities po
, angular ω as a function of joint velocities qo
by
following relations.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 181
Jp is (3xn) Matrix relative to the contribution of joint
velocities qo
to the end effector linear velocities P.
Jo is (3xn) Matrix relative to the contribution of joint
velocities qo
to the end effector angular velocities ω.
The above 1 and 2 equations can be written as
Equation (3) represents the manipulator differential
equation. J is (6xn) matrix is the manipulator geometric
Jacobian matrix.
5. CONDITION NUMBER
Condition number of matrix A is defined as the product of
the norm of A and the norm of A inverse.
Norm of A is given by ||A|| = [trace of (AWAT
)]
Trace is the sum of the matrix.
Condition number of a matrix is always greater or equal to
one. If it is close to one the matrix is well conditioned which
means its inverse can be computed with good accuracy. If
the condition number is large, then the matrix is ill-
conditioned and the consumption of its inverse, or solution
of linear system of equations is prone to large numerical
errors. A matri that is not invariable has condition number
equal to infinity.
Condition number shows how much a small in the input data
can be magnified in the output.
Let Ax = b, then relative solution error is measured by
||$||/||X||=||A|| ||A-1
|| (||$b||/||A||)
Where ||A|| ||A-1
|| = Z, condition number.
$b = small perturbations of b.
$ = deviation of the solution of perturbed system from
original solution.
When condition number criteria is applied to Jacobian
matrix of the velocity transformation equation, =J.
Condition number of Jacobian is given by
Z = ||J|| ||J-1
||
Therefore condition number of a Jacobian matrix gives how
much error in joint velocities magnified into Cartesian
velocities.
As the end effector moves from one location to another
location the condition number varies. The points in the
workspace of a manipulator are called isotropic points ,
when the condition number of matrix is one. Condition
number is the best tool for the control of the velocity of end
effector. Condition number of the accuracy of the end
effector’s velocity
Jocobian matrix for 4 link planner serial manipulator with
respect to base frame:
Zo, Z1, Z2, Z3, are the unit vectors along the joint axis.
P, Po, P1, P2, P3 are the vectors defined from origin of link
frame.
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Simplified notations are used for easy understanding and
standardized notations are used for finding condition number
and matrices too. Graphs were constructed varying each and
every parameter and graphs were drawn for each and every
table.
For the program it is clear that for link length ratios 1:1:1:1.
The suitable condition number varying joint angle ‘2’ is
“1.0032” at 500
. The suitable condition number varying joint
angle ‘3’ is “1.0473” at 400
. The suitable condition number
varying joint angle ‘4’ is “1.0861” at 200
.
1. The condition number when varying link length 1
”a1” keeping all the terms constant joint ‘1’ is 150
, joint
angle ‘2’ is 500
, joint angle ‘3’ is 130
, and joint angle ‘4’
is 610
, and with a2:a3:a4 =1:1:1 is at a1 =1 and the
condition number is “1.0032”.
2. The condition number when varying link length 2
”a2” keeping all the terms constant joint ‘1’ is 150
, joint
angle ‘2’ is 500
, joint angle ‘3’ is 130
, and joint angle ‘4’
is 610
, and with a2:a3:a4 =1:1:1 is at a2 =1 and the
condition number is “1.0032”.
3. The condition number when varying link length 3
”a3” keeping all the terms constant joint ‘1’ is 150
, joint
angle ‘2’ is 500
, joint angle ‘3’ is 130
, and joint angle ‘4’
is 610
, and with a2:a3:a4 =1:1:1 is at a3 =1 and the
condition number is “1.0032”.
4. The condition number when varying link length 1
”a1” keeping all the terms constant joint ‘4’ is 150
, joint
angle ‘2’ is 500
, joint angle ‘4’ is 130
, and joint angle ‘4’
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 182
is 610
, and with a2:a3:a4 =1:1:1 is at a4 =1 and the
condition number is “1.0032”.
1. Condition number values for joint angles
1= 150
; 2= 500
; 3= 130
; 4= 610
,
Link lengths a1: a2: a3=1:1:1 varying a1.
2. Condition number values for joint angles
1= 150
; 2= 500
; 3= 130
; 4= 610
,
Link lengths a1: a2: a3=1:1:1 varying a2
3. Condition number values for joint angles
1= 150
; 2= 500
; 3= 130
; 4= 610
,
Link lengths a1: a2: a3=1:1:1 varying a3.
4. Condition number values for link length ratio 1:1:1:1
varying joint angle “4”
5. Condition number values for link length ratio 1:1:1:1
varying joint angle “2.”
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 11 | Nov-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 183
6. Condition number values for link length ratio 1:1:1:1
varying joint angle “3”.
7. CONCLUSIONS
Condition number for four – link planar serial manipulator
was determined. As the end effector moves from one
location to another, the condition number will vary. It is
noticed that condition number for four-linked planar serial
manipulator is dependent for first joint angle. Condition
number is best tool for the velocity of the end effector.
A program in “MAT LAB” (A high level programming
language for technical computing) was written for finding
condition number and inverse of Jacobian matrix. Condition
number is given by the product of norm of jacobian matrix
and form of inverse of jacobian matrix. It must be strictly
nearer of unity. Best performance of end effector will be
obtained when the condition number reaches unity.
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computer controlled manipulator on the theory and practice
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[2]. Guptha. K.C., 1986, “On the nature of robot
workspace”. The international journal of Robotics Research,
Vol.5,no. pp112-121.
[3]. D.L.Piper & B.Roth. the kinematis of manipulator under
computer control, proceeding of the 2nd
international cong.
On the theory of machine and mechanisms, Vol.8,ppl 59-
168.
[4]. Angles J., “on the numerial solution of the inverse
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[5]. Hartenberg R.S., and Denavit, J., Kinematics Synthesis
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[6]. “Robot analysis and control “H. Asada and J.J.E.
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