Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing is a philosophy aimed at eliminating waste by producing only what is needed when it is needed. It emphasizes reducing inventory, defects, transportation, and other non-value added activities. The evolution of JIT in Japan was driven by resource scarcity following World War 2. JIT identifies seven types of waste and techniques like group technology, small lot sizes, continuous improvement, and quality control to minimize waste in production processes and the flow of materials. Proper implementation of JIT requires redesigning operations for optimal flow, reducing setup times, developing supplier partnerships, and ongoing performance measurement.

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2. Definition
JIT is a manufacturing system whose goal is to
optimize processes and procedure by continuously
pursuing waste reduction
It is both a philosophy and a set of methods for
manufacturing. Although it has no single, agreed-
upon definition ,JIT emphasizes waste reduction, total
quality control, and devotion to the customer.
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3. Evolution of JIT
The history of Japan since world war II is the
history of a developing economy, especially
manufacturing. The Japanese economy was also
ruined and faced the challenge of transition from
wartime to a peacetime economy with very resources.
This scarcity of resources was a key factor in the
evolution of the Just-In-Time philosophy.
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4. The Seven Wastages
Shigeo Shingo, a recognized JIT authority and
engineer at the Toyota Motor Company identifies
seven wastes as being the targets of continuous
improvement in production process. By attending to
these wastes, improvement is achieved.
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5. Contd…
Waste of Overproduction
Waste of Waiting
Waste of Transportation
Waste of Processing itself
Waste of Stocks
Waste of Motion
Waste of Making Defective Products
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6. Japanese Manufacturing Techniques
Produce what the customer desires
Produce products only at the rate the customer wants
them
Produce with perfect quality
Produce by methods that allow people to
develop
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7. • Produce with no waste of labour, material,
or equipment; every move has a purpose
so there is zero idle inventory
• Produce instantaneously – with zero
unnecessary lead time
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8. Minimizing Waste: Group Technology (Part 1)
• Using Departmental Specialization for plant layout can cause a
lot of unnecessary material movement
• Using Departmental Specialization for plant layout can cause a
lot of unnecessary material movement
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9. Minimizing Waste:
Group Technology (Part 2)
• Revising by using Group Technology Cells can reduce movement
and improve product flow
• Revising by using Group Technology Cells can reduce movement
and improve product flow
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10. Minimizing Waste: Just-In-Time
Production
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• Management philosophy
• “Pull” system though the plant
• Hydraulic Push Systems
WHAT IT IS
• Employee participation
• Industrial engineering/basics
• Continuing improvement
• Total quality control
• Small lot sizes
WHAT IT REQUIRES
• Attacks waste
• Exposes problems and bottlenecks
• Achieves streamlined production
WHAT IT DOES
• Stable environment
WHAT IT ASSUMES

11. JIT Implementation Requirements: Design
Flow Process
Link operations
Balance workstation capacities
Redesign layout for optimum flow
Emphasize preventive maintenance
Reduce lot sizes
Reduce setup/changeover time
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12. JIT Implementation Requirements: Total
Quality Control
Worker responsibility
SQC in place
Enforce compliance
Fail-safe methods (poka-yoke)
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13. JIT Implementation Requirements: Work with
Vendors
Reduce lead times
Frequent deliveries
Project usage requirements
Clear Quality expectations
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14. JIT Implementation Requirements: Reduce
Inventory More
Look for other areas to reduced materials
Minimize Stores
Minimize Transit
Carousels
Conveyors
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15. JIT Implementation Requirements: Improve
Product Design
Standard produce configuration
Standardize and reduce number of parts
Align Process design with product design
Quality expectations
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16. JIT Implementation Requirements:
Measure Performance
Emphasize improvement
Track trends
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17. JIT in Services (Examples)
Organize Problem-Solving Groups
Upgrade Housekeeping
Upgrade Quality
Clarify Process Flows
Revise Equipment and Process Technologies
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18. JIT in Services (Examples)
Level the Facility Load
Eliminate Unnecessary Activities
Reorganize Physical Configuration
Introduce Demand-Pull Scheduling
Develop Supplier Networks
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