JUDGING THE VALIDITY OF THE TEXT

1. 1. What is Argumentation?
2. Why do we use argumentation?
ARGUMENTATION is a type of discourse based
on opposing views that are supported by
evidence.
I. INQUIRE when we form opinions or question on
our own opinions;
II.CONVINCE to gain approval from others
through reasoning;
III.PERSUADE to move others to action through
rational, emotional, personal, and stylistic
appeals
IV.NEGOTIATE to explore differences of opinion
to reach an agreement.

2. Arrange the letters to form a word
in each item.
1. M I A L C
2. E T I C 4. E C N E D I V E
3. Y T I D I L A V
CLAIM
CITE
VALIDITY
EVIDENCE

3. Joan’s family is going to the mall, but
he doesn’t want to go. He argues that he
should be allowed to stay home and says
that his friend Ray often stays at home
alone.
Should Joan be allowed to stay at home?

4. 1. What makes a claim valid?
2. What is evidence?
If you answered one of these: It is
true. It is on topic. It is reasonable.
It is logical. It can be supported. It
is important.You’re on the right track,
correct.
Great! Evidence is a proof. It is the
basis of your belief, an indication of
something; the evidence is a support,
and these are facts.

5. 3. From the answers, we have in questions 1 and
2, now, how can we define valid evidence?
4. How can we ensure that we have valid evidence?
Valid Evidence is always true. It is
reasonable information based on fact and
supports an argument.
When we cite the source of our
proof or provide an acceptable
example to support our claim.

6. Was Jayson able to provide valid evidence on
his claim to support his argument for staying
home alone?
Joan’s family is going to the mall, but
he doesn’t want to go. He argues that he
should be allowed to stay home and says
that his friend Ray often stays at home
alone.

7. KINDS OF EVIDENCE IN AN ARGUMENT
1. Direct Evidence
any piece of evidence that stands alone to
prove an argument.
Example: If a witness says he saw the accused set
fire to a building.