6. TRUTH
Philosophers often grapple with the
concept of truth.
Truth lies at the heart of any inquiry.
It is a fact that has been verified.
(Abella 2016)
7. KNOWLEDGE
According to Abella (2016), it is
important to clarify knowledge before we
discuss truth, since it through knowing
that we are able to determine what is
true.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and
understanding of something.
13. 3 Theories of Truth
•Correspondence Theory
•Coherence Theory
•Pragmatic Theory
14. Correspondence Theory
states that a proposition is true if it is
corresponding to the facts. (Hospers 1997)
• Consider: ‘The snow is white.’
• One needs to check if the statement corresponds to facts.
• Strength:
Simplicity
Appeal to common sense
• Problem: what about religious truths?
• If we can’t see God, does it mean there is no God?
Coherence
Theory
15. Coherence Theory
•states that if a proposition coheres with all
the other propositions taken to be true, then
it is true. (Hospers 1997)
• Consider: ‘The snow is white.’
• One needs to check if it is consistent with other beliefs known to
be true, e.g. ‘Ice is white,’ ‘Snow is frozen water,’ ‘Frozen water is
ice.’
• Problem: can’t a body of false statements be coherent as well?
What made other beliefs true?
Pragmatic
Theory
16. Pragmatic Theory
•states that a proposition is true is
true if it is useful to believe.
William James is considered as the father of
Pragmatism.
• Consider: ‘The snow is white.’
• One needs to test if the proposition works in reality;
specifying the pigment white and checking to see if
different snow samples exhibit the white pigment.
• Problem: if fake news works, does it become true?
17.
18. 1. A belief is true if it can be justified
or proven through the use of one’s
senses.
I am alive.
I have a body.
I can breathe.
19.
20. •Using doubt as our starting point,
Let’s rewrite the statements as
questions so we can review and
examine them further.
Am I alive?
Do I have a body?
Can I breathe?
23. 2. A belief or statement is true if it is
based on facts.
24.
25. Filipino
a native of the Philippine Islands
a citizen of the Republic of the
Philippines
the Tagalog-based official language of
the Republic of the Philippines.
26.
27.
28.
29. 3. Getting a consensus or having
people agree on a common belief.
When you asked your peer, family,
relatives and friends regarding your question,
all of them have the same answer then it is
true. But this approach has certain
limitations. (Abella 2016)
30.
31. 4. A belief is true if there are official
documents/supporting facts
32.
33. Question:
•If your name is
misspelled in your birth
certificate, does your
identity changed?
34. 5. A belief is true if a person can prove
a statement through an action.
