The document discusses jigs and fixtures. It defines them as devices used to repeatedly and accurately locate, clamp, and support workpieces during manufacturing operations like machining. The key functions of jigs and fixtures are locating, clamping, supporting, and resisting cutting forces. Jigs also guide cutting tools. The 3-2-1 locating principle is described as a method for fully constraining a workpiece using three locators in the first plane, two in the second, and one in the third. Different types of locators like flat, cylindrical, conical, and vee locators are discussed. Milling fixtures and their design principles are also covered.
The document discusses drilling machines and drilling operations. It describes different types of drilling machines like sensitive drilling machines, up-right drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. It also discusses drill materials like HSS and carbide-tipped drills. Various drilling operations like drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping are described. Work holding devices and tool holding methods are also summarized. Key drilling definitions and safety precautions for operating drilling machines are provided.
Location and locating devices used in jigs and fixturesAmruta Rane
This document discusses various principles and methods of locating workpieces in fixtures. It begins by defining what is meant by location and discusses the six degrees of freedom a workpiece has. It then covers different types of locating from plane surfaces using buttons, pins, pads and adjustable supports. It also discusses locating from profiles, cylinders, and preventing issues like redundant location and jamming. A variety of locating methods and components are presented, including dowel pins, nests, and sights. The document provides guidance on selecting locating methods based on workpiece and operation requirements.
What does clamping mean in context of jigs and fixtures?
Principles of Clamping
Different types of Clamping Devices, their advantaged and disadvantages
The document discusses milling fixtures and their components. Milling fixtures securely hold workpieces for milling operations. They have locating elements to precisely position workpieces and clamping elements to securely hold them against cutting forces. Key components of milling fixtures include a base, tenons to locate the fixture on the machine table, setting blocks to position cutters, and clamps or vices to hold workpieces in place. Different types of milling fixtures are used for operations like face milling or gang milling and can have mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems.
Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate parts. Jigs guide cutting tools and locate/support workpieces, while fixtures only locate/support workpieces. There are different types of jigs and fixtures for various machining operations like drilling, milling, and turning. Key factors in jig and fixture design include rigidity, chip control, workpiece support/location, and material selection to withstand cutting forces. Construction involves mechanical assembly using screws and dowels or combinations of welding and assembly.
The document discusses various considerations for designing drill jigs. A drill jig must securely hold the workpiece to prevent bending and movement during drilling. It must also provide chip clearance and ease of loading/unloading. Different types of jigs include plate jigs, turn-over jigs, and box jigs, each suited to particular workpiece geometries. Proper support, locating elements, and clearance are needed to withstand drilling forces and improve accuracy.
The document discusses limit gauging and gauge design according to Taylor's principle. It begins by defining limit gauging as using gauges to check if components lie within permissible tolerance limits rather than determining exact dimensions. It then explains Taylor's principle, which states that GO gauges check the maximum metal condition and multiple related dimensions simultaneously, while NOT GO gauges check the minimum metal condition and one dimension at a time. The document concludes by providing an example of designing GO and NOT GO plug and snap gauges according to the British system for a given shaft and hole component.
The document summarizes the key steps in the fixture design procedure: 1) locating, 2) clamping, 3) supporting, 4) applying cutter guides, and 5) drawing the fixture outline. It discusses locating and degrees of freedom, describing how locating elements are used to restrict the six degrees of freedom of an object. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how locating points can be applied to a rectangular block to restrict its motion and rotations. The document also discusses clamping elements, support, cutter guidance, and completing the fixture body. Common locating principles like six-point location, 3-2-1 principle, and 4-2-1 principle are explained.
The document discusses drilling machines and drilling operations. It describes different types of drilling machines like sensitive drilling machines, up-right drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. It also discusses drill materials like HSS and carbide-tipped drills. Various drilling operations like drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping are described. Work holding devices and tool holding methods are also summarized. Key drilling definitions and safety precautions for operating drilling machines are provided.
Location and locating devices used in jigs and fixturesAmruta Rane
This document discusses various principles and methods of locating workpieces in fixtures. It begins by defining what is meant by location and discusses the six degrees of freedom a workpiece has. It then covers different types of locating from plane surfaces using buttons, pins, pads and adjustable supports. It also discusses locating from profiles, cylinders, and preventing issues like redundant location and jamming. A variety of locating methods and components are presented, including dowel pins, nests, and sights. The document provides guidance on selecting locating methods based on workpiece and operation requirements.
What does clamping mean in context of jigs and fixtures?
Principles of Clamping
Different types of Clamping Devices, their advantaged and disadvantages
The document discusses milling fixtures and their components. Milling fixtures securely hold workpieces for milling operations. They have locating elements to precisely position workpieces and clamping elements to securely hold them against cutting forces. Key components of milling fixtures include a base, tenons to locate the fixture on the machine table, setting blocks to position cutters, and clamps or vices to hold workpieces in place. Different types of milling fixtures are used for operations like face milling or gang milling and can have mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems.
Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate parts. Jigs guide cutting tools and locate/support workpieces, while fixtures only locate/support workpieces. There are different types of jigs and fixtures for various machining operations like drilling, milling, and turning. Key factors in jig and fixture design include rigidity, chip control, workpiece support/location, and material selection to withstand cutting forces. Construction involves mechanical assembly using screws and dowels or combinations of welding and assembly.
The document discusses various considerations for designing drill jigs. A drill jig must securely hold the workpiece to prevent bending and movement during drilling. It must also provide chip clearance and ease of loading/unloading. Different types of jigs include plate jigs, turn-over jigs, and box jigs, each suited to particular workpiece geometries. Proper support, locating elements, and clearance are needed to withstand drilling forces and improve accuracy.
The document discusses limit gauging and gauge design according to Taylor's principle. It begins by defining limit gauging as using gauges to check if components lie within permissible tolerance limits rather than determining exact dimensions. It then explains Taylor's principle, which states that GO gauges check the maximum metal condition and multiple related dimensions simultaneously, while NOT GO gauges check the minimum metal condition and one dimension at a time. The document concludes by providing an example of designing GO and NOT GO plug and snap gauges according to the British system for a given shaft and hole component.
The document summarizes the key steps in the fixture design procedure: 1) locating, 2) clamping, 3) supporting, 4) applying cutter guides, and 5) drawing the fixture outline. It discusses locating and degrees of freedom, describing how locating elements are used to restrict the six degrees of freedom of an object. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how locating points can be applied to a rectangular block to restrict its motion and rotations. The document also discusses clamping elements, support, cutter guidance, and completing the fixture body. Common locating principles like six-point location, 3-2-1 principle, and 4-2-1 principle are explained.
The document discusses different types of lathe machines and their operations. It describes 7 types of lathes - speed lathe, engine lathe, bench lathe, tool room lathe, capstan and turret lathe, automatic lathe, and special purpose lathes. It also explains lathe operations like turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading and knurling. Additionally, it covers lathe accessories such as centers, chucks, faceplates, mandrels and rests that are used for holding and supporting workpieces.
A pattern is a replica of the object to be cast that is used to form the mold cavity. Patterns can be single-piece or multi-piece depending on the complexity of the casting. Common pattern materials include wood, metal, plastic, plaster, and wax. Pattern design and allowances provided, such as for shrinkage and machining, directly impact the quality of the resulting casting. Proper selection of pattern type and materials minimizes costs and defects in the casting process.
This document discusses various sectioning conventions used in engineering drawings. It defines different types of sections such as full sections, half sections, and broken-out sections. It describes how to represent features like ribs, spokes, holes and lugs when they are cut by the sectioning plane. Guidelines are provided for cross-hatching cut surfaces, showing hidden details, and aligning non-symmetrical elements in section views. The document also covers conventions for thin materials, breaks, and other techniques to clarify interior features in sectional views.
The document provides information about tool wear and tool life in machining processes. It discusses how tool wear occurs due to forces, temperature, and sliding action during cutting. The three main types of tool wear are flank wear, crater wear, and chipping. Flank wear is caused by abrasion from hard particles in the workpiece while crater wear results from high temperatures and diffusion at the tool-chip interface. Maintaining optimal cutting conditions and tool geometry can increase tool life. The document also covers tool materials, machinability factors, cutting fluids, machining forces, and lathe operations such as turning, facing, and threading.
Okay, let's calculate the center of pressure step-by-step:
1) Calculate Lx, Ly for each element using the given dimensions
2) Sum Lx = 6.25 + 9.25 + 7 + 5 + 4.25 + 1 = 32.75
3) Sum Ly = 25 + 7.05 + 12.8 + 12.5 + 4.5 + 1.57 = 63.42
4) X (distance from axis YY) = Sum Lx / Sum L = 32.75 / 32.75 = 2.5
5) Y (distance from axis XX) = Sum Ly / Sum L = 63.42 / 32.75 = 1.94
Thread cutting is a lathe operation that produces helical threads on cylindrical workpieces using a tool with the same shape as the thread. There are different types of screw threads and thread nomenclature. Lathe setting for thread cutting involves introducing a translating gear, where the gear ratio equals the pitch of the workpiece divided by the pitch of the lead screw, which can be expressed as 5 times the number of threads per inch divided by 127, where 5 is the progression and the number of threads per inch is the reciprocal of the pitch. Lathe speeds are measured in revolutions per minute and can be changed using stepped pulleys, gear levers, changing belts on belt-driven lathes, or moving speed levers on
This document provides an overview of lathe machine operations, including the principle of how lathe machines work, different types of lathe machines, and various operations that can be performed on a lathe such as turning, taper turning, facing, knurling, thread cutting, and drilling. It explains that in a lathe machine, the workpiece is held by a chuck and rotated while a tool is fed against the workpiece. The document also describes different types of lathe machines such as engine lathes, turret lathes, single and multiple spindle automatic lathes, tracer lathes, and computerized numerically controlled lathes.
This chapter aims to provide basic backgrounds of different types of machining processes and highlights on an understanding of important parameters which affects machining of metals with their chip removals.
Metal cutting or Machining is the process of producing workpiece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal. in the form of chips. This process is most important since almost all the products get their final shape and size by metal removal. either directly or indirectly.
The major drawback of the process is loss of material in the form of chips. In this chapter. we shall have a fundamental understanding of the basic metal process.
This document discusses different types and properties of grinding wheels. It describes 10 types of grinding wheels based on their shape and intended use. It also covers the Indian Standard coding system used for grinding wheels which includes 6 symbols to indicate characteristics like abrasive type, grain size, grade, structure and bond. Different abrasive materials, bonds, grain sizes, grades and structures are defined. Guidelines for selecting the appropriate grinding wheel for different metals and operations are provided. Glazing and loading effects on wheels are described along with their causes and remedies. Steps for properly mounting grinding wheels are outlined.
Thread manufacturing involves creating screw threads through various processes. Threads can be made through machining using lathes, mills, and grinding machines with single-point or multi-point tools. Threads are also produced through forming methods like rolling, which yields threads with better surface finish in a single pass compared to machining. Rolling methods include in-feed and through-feed rolling with circular or flat dies on various machines. Threads can also be manually produced using taps and dies on a lathe or by hand. Machining generally results in lower quality threads than forming but provides more flexibility.
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
jigs & fixtures, gear and thread manufacturing,manufacturing processes,Produ...Prof.Mayur Modi
Jigs and fixtures are devices used to accurately hold workpieces in place during manufacturing operations. They increase productivity by precisely locating and clamping parts for machining. Jigs guide cutting tools and fixtures do not. Proper locating systems using pads, pins and other elements constrain workpiece movement in three perpendicular axes. Effective clamping then further secures parts using devices like screw clamps and wedge clamps. Together, jigs and fixtures allow for repeatable, high-quality production of interchangeable components.
Milling cutters are cutting tools used to remove material from workpieces in milling machines. They have cutting edges and flutes to remove chips of material. Common milling cutter types include end mills, face mills, and inserted tooth cutters. Milling cutters come in various geometries and are made of materials like high-speed steel or carbide depending on the application. Cutting parameters like spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and surface cutting speed determine how efficiently a milling cutter removes material from a workpiece.
Milling is a machining process that uses a rotating cutting tool called a milling cutter to remove material from a workpiece. Milling cutters come in various types for different purposes like flat surfaces, slots, threads, gears, etc. There are two types of milling: up milling where the cutter moves against the workpiece feed and down milling where they move together. Down milling provides better surface finish and tool life. Milling machines are classified based on their purpose, configuration, orientation, and level of automation. Milling cutters are also classified based on their geometry and how they machine specific features. Key parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut determine the material removal rate
Unit 3A1 Lathe turning and related operationsMechbytes
Coverage of machine tools classification, types, functions and Lathe machine, Turning & related operations, Lathe construction, parts, accessories and attachments
The document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are devices used to precisely locate and secure workpieces for machining. It describes the key functions of jigs and fixtures as locating, clamping, and supporting workpieces. The main difference between jigs and fixtures is that jigs also include provisions for guiding cutting tools. The document outlines principles for properly locating and securing workpieces, such as the 3-2-1 locating principle, and discusses various types of locators, clamps, and other elements used in jig and fixture design.
Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate and interchangeable parts when large numbers are required. Jigs are guiding devices that locate and hold workpieces for machining, while fixtures are holding devices that attach to machines for quick, consistent locating, supporting, and clamping of blanks. Common jig types include plate jigs, box jigs, and indexing jigs. Common fixture types are plate fixtures, angle plate fixtures, and multistation fixtures. The main advantages of using jigs and fixtures are increased productivity, interchangeability of parts, uniform quality, reduced skill requirements, and lower costs.
Jigs and fixtures are work holding devices used to accurately locate and secure workpieces during machining operations. Jigs also guide cutting tools. Fixtures only locate and hold workpieces. Proper locating, supporting, and clamping of the workpiece are important considerations in jig and fixture design to ensure accuracy and prevent workpiece deformation. Common locating methods include holes, pins, vee-blocks, and surfaces. Screw clamps and strap clamps are typical clamping approaches. Design must account for factors like forces and accessibility.
Jigs and fixtures are used to accurately locate and clamp workpieces during machining operations. They improve consistency and quality while reducing cycle times. This document discusses various locating and clamping methods for jigs and fixtures. It explains the purposes of locating, supporting, and clamping workpieces, as well as common techniques like using three pins in a 3-2-1 configuration to restrict movement. Different types of clamps like screw clamps and strap clamps are also outlined. The principles of effective clamping related to position, strength, productivity and reducing operator fatigue are covered.
The document discusses different types of lathe machines and their operations. It describes 7 types of lathes - speed lathe, engine lathe, bench lathe, tool room lathe, capstan and turret lathe, automatic lathe, and special purpose lathes. It also explains lathe operations like turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading and knurling. Additionally, it covers lathe accessories such as centers, chucks, faceplates, mandrels and rests that are used for holding and supporting workpieces.
A pattern is a replica of the object to be cast that is used to form the mold cavity. Patterns can be single-piece or multi-piece depending on the complexity of the casting. Common pattern materials include wood, metal, plastic, plaster, and wax. Pattern design and allowances provided, such as for shrinkage and machining, directly impact the quality of the resulting casting. Proper selection of pattern type and materials minimizes costs and defects in the casting process.
This document discusses various sectioning conventions used in engineering drawings. It defines different types of sections such as full sections, half sections, and broken-out sections. It describes how to represent features like ribs, spokes, holes and lugs when they are cut by the sectioning plane. Guidelines are provided for cross-hatching cut surfaces, showing hidden details, and aligning non-symmetrical elements in section views. The document also covers conventions for thin materials, breaks, and other techniques to clarify interior features in sectional views.
The document provides information about tool wear and tool life in machining processes. It discusses how tool wear occurs due to forces, temperature, and sliding action during cutting. The three main types of tool wear are flank wear, crater wear, and chipping. Flank wear is caused by abrasion from hard particles in the workpiece while crater wear results from high temperatures and diffusion at the tool-chip interface. Maintaining optimal cutting conditions and tool geometry can increase tool life. The document also covers tool materials, machinability factors, cutting fluids, machining forces, and lathe operations such as turning, facing, and threading.
Okay, let's calculate the center of pressure step-by-step:
1) Calculate Lx, Ly for each element using the given dimensions
2) Sum Lx = 6.25 + 9.25 + 7 + 5 + 4.25 + 1 = 32.75
3) Sum Ly = 25 + 7.05 + 12.8 + 12.5 + 4.5 + 1.57 = 63.42
4) X (distance from axis YY) = Sum Lx / Sum L = 32.75 / 32.75 = 2.5
5) Y (distance from axis XX) = Sum Ly / Sum L = 63.42 / 32.75 = 1.94
Thread cutting is a lathe operation that produces helical threads on cylindrical workpieces using a tool with the same shape as the thread. There are different types of screw threads and thread nomenclature. Lathe setting for thread cutting involves introducing a translating gear, where the gear ratio equals the pitch of the workpiece divided by the pitch of the lead screw, which can be expressed as 5 times the number of threads per inch divided by 127, where 5 is the progression and the number of threads per inch is the reciprocal of the pitch. Lathe speeds are measured in revolutions per minute and can be changed using stepped pulleys, gear levers, changing belts on belt-driven lathes, or moving speed levers on
This document provides an overview of lathe machine operations, including the principle of how lathe machines work, different types of lathe machines, and various operations that can be performed on a lathe such as turning, taper turning, facing, knurling, thread cutting, and drilling. It explains that in a lathe machine, the workpiece is held by a chuck and rotated while a tool is fed against the workpiece. The document also describes different types of lathe machines such as engine lathes, turret lathes, single and multiple spindle automatic lathes, tracer lathes, and computerized numerically controlled lathes.
This chapter aims to provide basic backgrounds of different types of machining processes and highlights on an understanding of important parameters which affects machining of metals with their chip removals.
Metal cutting or Machining is the process of producing workpiece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal. in the form of chips. This process is most important since almost all the products get their final shape and size by metal removal. either directly or indirectly.
The major drawback of the process is loss of material in the form of chips. In this chapter. we shall have a fundamental understanding of the basic metal process.
This document discusses different types and properties of grinding wheels. It describes 10 types of grinding wheels based on their shape and intended use. It also covers the Indian Standard coding system used for grinding wheels which includes 6 symbols to indicate characteristics like abrasive type, grain size, grade, structure and bond. Different abrasive materials, bonds, grain sizes, grades and structures are defined. Guidelines for selecting the appropriate grinding wheel for different metals and operations are provided. Glazing and loading effects on wheels are described along with their causes and remedies. Steps for properly mounting grinding wheels are outlined.
Thread manufacturing involves creating screw threads through various processes. Threads can be made through machining using lathes, mills, and grinding machines with single-point or multi-point tools. Threads are also produced through forming methods like rolling, which yields threads with better surface finish in a single pass compared to machining. Rolling methods include in-feed and through-feed rolling with circular or flat dies on various machines. Threads can also be manually produced using taps and dies on a lathe or by hand. Machining generally results in lower quality threads than forming but provides more flexibility.
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
jigs & fixtures, gear and thread manufacturing,manufacturing processes,Produ...Prof.Mayur Modi
Jigs and fixtures are devices used to accurately hold workpieces in place during manufacturing operations. They increase productivity by precisely locating and clamping parts for machining. Jigs guide cutting tools and fixtures do not. Proper locating systems using pads, pins and other elements constrain workpiece movement in three perpendicular axes. Effective clamping then further secures parts using devices like screw clamps and wedge clamps. Together, jigs and fixtures allow for repeatable, high-quality production of interchangeable components.
Milling cutters are cutting tools used to remove material from workpieces in milling machines. They have cutting edges and flutes to remove chips of material. Common milling cutter types include end mills, face mills, and inserted tooth cutters. Milling cutters come in various geometries and are made of materials like high-speed steel or carbide depending on the application. Cutting parameters like spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and surface cutting speed determine how efficiently a milling cutter removes material from a workpiece.
Milling is a machining process that uses a rotating cutting tool called a milling cutter to remove material from a workpiece. Milling cutters come in various types for different purposes like flat surfaces, slots, threads, gears, etc. There are two types of milling: up milling where the cutter moves against the workpiece feed and down milling where they move together. Down milling provides better surface finish and tool life. Milling machines are classified based on their purpose, configuration, orientation, and level of automation. Milling cutters are also classified based on their geometry and how they machine specific features. Key parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut determine the material removal rate
Unit 3A1 Lathe turning and related operationsMechbytes
Coverage of machine tools classification, types, functions and Lathe machine, Turning & related operations, Lathe construction, parts, accessories and attachments
The document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are devices used to precisely locate and secure workpieces for machining. It describes the key functions of jigs and fixtures as locating, clamping, and supporting workpieces. The main difference between jigs and fixtures is that jigs also include provisions for guiding cutting tools. The document outlines principles for properly locating and securing workpieces, such as the 3-2-1 locating principle, and discusses various types of locators, clamps, and other elements used in jig and fixture design.
Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate and interchangeable parts when large numbers are required. Jigs are guiding devices that locate and hold workpieces for machining, while fixtures are holding devices that attach to machines for quick, consistent locating, supporting, and clamping of blanks. Common jig types include plate jigs, box jigs, and indexing jigs. Common fixture types are plate fixtures, angle plate fixtures, and multistation fixtures. The main advantages of using jigs and fixtures are increased productivity, interchangeability of parts, uniform quality, reduced skill requirements, and lower costs.
Jigs and fixtures are work holding devices used to accurately locate and secure workpieces during machining operations. Jigs also guide cutting tools. Fixtures only locate and hold workpieces. Proper locating, supporting, and clamping of the workpiece are important considerations in jig and fixture design to ensure accuracy and prevent workpiece deformation. Common locating methods include holes, pins, vee-blocks, and surfaces. Screw clamps and strap clamps are typical clamping approaches. Design must account for factors like forces and accessibility.
Jigs and fixtures are used to accurately locate and clamp workpieces during machining operations. They improve consistency and quality while reducing cycle times. This document discusses various locating and clamping methods for jigs and fixtures. It explains the purposes of locating, supporting, and clamping workpieces, as well as common techniques like using three pins in a 3-2-1 configuration to restrict movement. Different types of clamps like screw clamps and strap clamps are also outlined. The principles of effective clamping related to position, strength, productivity and reducing operator fatigue are covered.
Jigs and fixtures are used to precisely locate and clamp workpieces during machining operations. They improve accuracy and efficiency. Jigs also guide cutting tools. Proper locating methods restrict undesirable workpiece movement. Locating surfaces and pins position the workpiece. Clamping then firmly holds it against cutting forces. Various clamping methods are used depending on the application, including screw clamps, strap clamps, and quick-acting clamps. Careful consideration of factors like strength, position, and productivity is important in fixture design.
Jigs and Fixtures btech notes machining processesSKWriters
Jigs and fixtures are devices used to securely hold workpieces in place for machining operations. They locate, clamp, and support the workpiece while also resisting cutting forces. Jigs also guide cutting tools. Proper design of jigs and fixtures with elements like bases, locators, supports, and clamps helps increase productivity by enabling quick, accurate, and repetitive machining of parts. The 3-2-1 locating principle uses three locators on each of three perpendicular planes to fully constrain a workpiece's six degrees of freedom. Different types of locators, clamps, and other elements are used depending on the workpiece geometry and machining needs.
This document describes the design of a drill jig. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for techniques to reduce production costs and time. It then provides background on jigs and fixtures and their importance in mass production. The document details the design process for a drill jig for drilling holes in head and cover parts of a cylinder actuator. It includes the methodology, design considerations, force calculations, material selection, and analysis of stresses and deflections in the clamp plates. In the end, it was concluded that the stresses and deformations in the clamp plates are within allowable limits.
The document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are tools used to precisely locate and secure workpieces during manufacturing operations like machining. It defines jigs and fixtures, describes their key elements and principles of location and clamping. It also covers different types of locating and clamping devices as well as common types of jigs like drilling jigs. Jigs are used to guide cutting tools, while fixtures only position and hold the workpiece. Together, jigs and fixtures help improve accuracy, interchangeability and efficiency of mass production.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINING FIXTURE FOR BD65 FINAL DRIVE CASE ON HORI...IAEME Publication
A machining fixture is a device used to hold or support work in the manufacturing
industry. By using the specifications of the horizontal machining center, we designed
and analyzed the 3D model of the fixture in the software. For the final drive case, this
machining fixture on LH & RH is used for Bharath dozers 65 ton capacity. This
horizontal machining center will increase production rates, reduce demand for labor,
save time. This machine will be performed after production hours, after operations
such as drilling, boring, tapping, reaming, threading. Using a fixture improves the
economy of production by enabling smooth operation and rapid transition from part
to part, reducing the skilled labor requirement to simplify set-up and use of fixtures,
and increasing compliance across a production run
This document discusses jigs and fixtures used in manufacturing. It defines jigs and fixtures, describes their components and uses. Jigs guide tools and may be moved, while fixtures are fastened to machines. Both position workpieces for machining. The document outlines principles of locating and clamping workpieces using locating pins. It provides examples of common jig types like template, plate, and box jigs used for drilling operations. Materials for jig components and design considerations are also covered.
IRJET- Design of Angular Way Drilling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an angular way drilling machine. It includes 3 key points:
1) The machine allows for drilling holes at any angle between 0 and 90 degrees, providing more flexibility than traditional vertical drilling machines. It has saddle slide ways that allow the workpiece to be repositioned easily, reducing setting time.
2) The design includes components like lead screws, spur gears, bevel gears, and an angular table that allow the machine head and workpiece to be rotated and positioned in various orientations for angled drilling.
3) Calculations are provided for sizing gears and other components based on design requirements. The overall design is intended to simplify angled drilling and reduce the time required
This document provides information about milling machines and various milling experiments conducted using a horizontal milling machine. It begins with an introduction to milling machines, describing their versatility and various milling processes. It then describes the different types of milling machines and cutting tools used. Several experiments are outlined demonstrating how to use a dividing head to mill different numbers of sides on a workpiece, cut spur gears, and cut spline lugs. Calculations for determining indexing ratios and selecting dividing plates are provided. The document concludes with references used.
igs and fixtures are specialised tools used in manufacturing to secure workpi...yhchauhan
igs and fixtures are specialised tools used in manufacturing to secure workpieces and guide cutting or shaping tools, ensuring precision and repeatability in production processes.
This document discusses various types of jigs and fixtures used in machining. It describes different types of drill jigs like leaf jigs, channel jigs, and indexing jigs. It also discusses drill bushings, chip formation during drilling, and various fixtures used for milling, grinding, boring, and other operations. The purpose of jigs and fixtures is to accurately locate and secure workpieces for machining to improve accuracy, consistency, and productivity while reducing errors and rejects. Considerations for designing jigs and fixtures include the workpiece geometry, machine capabilities, and required tolerances.
IRJET- Design and Development of Modified Jig for Angular Drilling on Cylindr...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a modified drilling jig for angular drilling on cylindrical parts. Key points:
- The jig allows drilling holes at angles up to 360 degrees on the periphery of solid or hollow cylindrical workpieces for mass production.
- It uses both circular and linear indexing mechanisms to drill holes at precise angles and distances.
- Solidworks modeling software was used to design the jig components, which include clamping, indexing, and locking elements.
- Calculations were performed to determine drilling forces, torque, clamping force, machining time and other parameters for the jig's design analysis.
This document provides information about jigs and fixtures from a manufacturing processes lecture. It defines jigs and fixtures, outlines their differences and uses. It describes locating principles like the 3-2-1 principle and different locating devices like pins, vee blocks, and diamond pins. It also discusses clamping methods like screw clamps, cam clamps, and quick acting nuts. Finally, it provides design principles for drilling jigs and describes drilling bushes.
Jigs and fixtures design prof A K MansuriMansuriak
This document provides information about jigs and fixtures from a manufacturing processes lecture. It defines jigs and fixtures, outlines their differences and uses. It describes locating principles like the 3-2-1 principle and different locating devices like pins, vee blocks, and diamond pins. It also discusses clamping methods like screw clamps, cam clamps, and quick nuts. Drilling jig design principles and drilling bushes are presented. In summary, the document covers key concepts about jigs and fixtures used to accurately hold and locate workpieces during machining operations.
This document contains notes on the design of jigs and fixtures from Mr. K. Sathishkumar of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology. It discusses the basic principles of locating workpieces in jigs and fixtures, including referencing, repeatability, the 12 degrees of freedom, and the three main forms of location (plane, concentric, radial). It describes common locating features like supports, pins, and plugs that restrict movement along axes to reference the workpiece for machining. The document emphasizes the importance of locators in holding the workpiece against cutting forces.
This document provides an overview of milling machines and milling processes. It describes the two main types of milling machines - horizontal and vertical milling machines. It outlines common cutting tools and industrial applications of milling. The key milling processes of spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and cutter rotation direction are explained. Typical milling operations such as plain milling, end milling and gang milling are defined. The document also covers workholding methods and the importance of vice alignment and safety practices.
This document provides information about lathe machines, including their definition, main components, operations, specifications, safety precautions, and advantages of carbide and high-speed cutting tools. A lathe machine is used to shape and size metal workpieces through operations like turning, grooving, and drilling. It discusses the types of lathe machines and describes the headstock, tailstock, carriage, cross slide, and tool post as main components. Facing, turning, grooving, and other operations are outlined. Jigs and fixtures are used to increase accuracy and automation.
A fixture is a device used to securely hold a workpiece in a precise position and orientation relative to a cutting tool during machining operations. The main functions of a fixture are to locate, support, and clamp the workpiece. There are general purpose fixtures like vises and chucks as well as permanent or dedicated fixtures specially designed to hold a specific part. Fixtures are analyzed using kinematic and geometric principles to ensure they provide deterministic positioning, total constraint of the workpiece, and easy loading/unloading of parts. The placement and number of contacts between the fixture and workpiece must be considered to guarantee the workpiece cannot move from its desired location.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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2. Introduction
⚫ Jigs and fixtures are devices that are used for
production of repeated parts essentially for mass
production.
⚫ Functionality of Jigs or fixtures:
⚫ Locating
⚫ Clamping
⚫ Supporting
⚫ Resistance to cutting forces
⚫ Safety
3. Jig
⚫ Both jigs and fixtures hold, support, and locate the
work piece.
⚫ A jig also guides the cutting tool.
4. Fixtures
⚫ Both jigs and fixtures
hold, support, and
locate the work piece.
⚫ A fixture has a
reference point for
setting the cutting tool
with reference to the
work piece.
5. GATE - 1999
Choose the correct statement:
(a) A fixture is used to guide the tool as well as to locate
and clamp the workpiece
(b) A Jig is used to guide the tool as well as to locate and
clamp the workpiece
(c) Jigs arc used on CNC machines to locate and clamp
the workpiece and also to guide the tool
(d) No arrangement to guide the tool is provided in a jig.
6. Purpose of using Fixtures and Jigs
⚫ Eliminate marking, punching, positioning,
alignments etc.
⚫ Easy, quick and accurate locating, supporting and
clamping the blank.
⚫ Guide the cutting tool like drill, reamer etc.
⚫ Increase productivity and maintain product quality.
⚫ Reduce operator’s labour and skill requirement
⚫ Enhancing technological capacity of the machine
tools
⚫ Reduce overall machining cost and increase
interchangeability.
7. Design considerations for Jigs
and Fixtures
⚫ Jigs and fixtures are manually or partially power
operated devices. comprised of several elements :
⚫ Base and body or frame with clamping features
⚫ Locating elements for proper positioning and
orientation of the blank
⚫ Supporting surfaces and base
⚫ Clamping elements
⚫ Tool guiding frame and bushes (for jig)
⚫ Auxiliary elements
⚫ Fastening parts
11. 3-2-1 Locating Principle
⚫ A workpiece, just like any free solid body, has six
degrees of freedom (some researchers have referred
this to the twelve degrees of freedom by considering
the +/- movements in each category)
⚫ For locating it is necessary to arrest all these six degrees
of freedom to ensure the mechanical stability.
⚫ A single locator in Plane 1 would arrest the linear
motion along the X-axis.
⚫ A second locator in the same plane would arrest the
rotary motion about the Z-axis.
⚫ Another locator placed in the same plane would arrest
the rotary motion about the Y-axis.
12. ⚫ Adding one more locator in Plane 1 would not serve any
purpose.
⚫ So fourth locator is placed in Plane 2 which is
perpendicular to Plane 1. This would restrict the linear
motion along the Y-axis.
⚫ The fifth locator is placed in the Plane 2 which can
arrest the rotational motion about the X-axis.
⚫ The sixth locator placed in Plane 2 would not serve any
purpose.
⚫ So, sixth locator is placed in Plane 3 which is
perpendicular both the planes 1 and 2. This would
arrest the linear motion along the Z-axis.
14. IES - 2007
According to the principle of location in jigs and
fixtures, how many degrees of freedom are to be
eliminated to have a body fixed in space?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
15. Considering 12 DOF
⚫ You must fix all the 12 degrees of freedom except the three
transitional degrees of freedom (-X, -Y and -Z) in order to
locate the work piece in the fixture. So, 9 degrees of
freedom of the work piece need to be fixed.
⚫ Rest the work piece on three non-collinear points of the
bottom surface (XY), and you will be able to fix
the +Z, CROT-X, ACROT-X, CROT-Y and ACROT-Y degre
es of freedom.
⚫ Now, rest the work piece at two points of side surface (XZ),
and you will be able to fix the +Y and CROT-Z and
ACROT-Z degrees of freedom.
⚫ Now, rest the work piece at one point of the adjacent
surface (YZ), and you will be able to fix the +X degrees of
freedom.
16.
17. Points to ponder
⚫ When more than one locator is placed on a surface
(plane), they should be distributed as far apart as
possible on the surface.
⚫ While selecting the surface for the largest locators,
consideration should be given to the largest area of the
workpiece.
18. GATE - 2005
When 3-2-1 principle is used to support and locate a
three dimensional work-piece during machining,
the number of degrees of freedom that are
restricted is
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 10
19. GATE - 2001
3-2-1 method of location in a jig or fixture would
collectively restrict the workpiece in n degrees of
freedom, where the value of n is
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 12
20. GATE-2013 (PI)
In the 3-2-1 principle of fixture design, 3 refers to the
number of
(a) Clamps equired
(b) Locators on the primary datum face
(c) Degrees of freedom of the workpiece
(d) Operations carried out on the primary datum face
21. IES 2011
In the 3-2-1 principle of fixture 3 refers to number of
(a) Setups possible
(b) Clamps required
(c) Positions on primary face
(d) Locating positions
22. IES – 1999
Assertion (A): Spherical washers are used to locate
the job in the fixtures.
Reason (R): 3-2-1 principle should be adopted to
locate the job.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the
correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
23. Duplex Fixture
⚫ It is a type of multi-station fixtures used primarily for
high speed, high volume production runs where the
machining cycle must be continuous.
⚫ It uses only two stations. Once the machining operation
is complete at station one, the fixture is revolved and the
machining is started at
station two. During this
period, the machined part
is unloaded from station
one and a fresh part is
loaded there, and so on
24. IFS-2011
What are the functions of jig ? Draw a jig to machine
four holes in a plate. What are two reasons for not
having drill bushings actually touching the workpiece
? What is a duplex fixture ?
[10-marks]
25. Milling fixtures
⚫ Milling fixtures are the most common type of fixtures
that are in general use today.
⚫ The reason for this is the geometric complexity of the
workpieces that are milled.
⚫ The simplest type of milling fixture is a milling vise
mounted on the machine table.
⚫ However, as the workpiece size, shape, or complexity
becomes more sophisticated, so too must the fixture.
There are a variety of milling fixtures that are in use.
⚫ For Design: The design should permit as many surfaces
of the part to be machined as possible without removing
the part.
26. Milling fixtures
⚫ Whenever possible, the tool should be changed to suit
the part. Moving the part to accommodate one cutter for
several operations is not as accurate or as efficient as
changing cutters.
⚫ Locators must be designed to resist all tool forces and
thrusts. Clamps should not be used to resist tool forces.
⚫ Clearance space or sufficient room must be allotted to
provide adequate space to change cutters or to load and
unload the part.
⚫ Milling fixtures should be designed and built with a low
profile to prevent unnecessary twisting or springing
while in operation.
29. Different methods used for Location
⚫ Flat Locator : Used for location of flat machined
surfaces of the component.
30. ⚫ Cylindrical Locators: Used for locating components
having drilled holes.
⚫ The cylindrical component to be located is gripped by a
cylindrical locator fitted to the jig’s body and inserted
in the drilled hole of the component.
31. ⚫ Conical Locator : Used for locating the workpieces
having cylindrical hole.
⚫ It is superior as it has a capacity to accommodate a
slight variation in the hole diameter of the component
without affecting the accuracy of location.
32. ⚫ Jack Pin Locator : Used for supporting rough
workpieces.
⚫ A suitable method to accommodate the
components which are rough and un-machined.
33. ⚫ Drill Bush Locator : Used for holding and locating
cylindrical workpieces.
⚫ The bush has conical opening for locating purpose
and it is sometimes screwed on the jig’s body for
the adjustment of height of the work.
34. ⚫ Vee Locators: Quick and effective method of locating
the workpiece.
⚫ Used for locating the circular and semi-circular type of
workpieces.
35. ISRO-2010
Cylindrical parts are held on planer by
(a) V-blocks and arrestors
(b) Angle plates
(c) V-block, T-bolts and clamps
(d) T-bolt and clamps
36. Diamond Pin Locator
⚫ Diamond pins are often used for radial location .
⚫ One cylindrical locator (Pin A) arrests five degrees of
freedom, second cylindrical locator at the position B
will arrest the sixth degree of freedom.
⚫ If the two holes are identical in size then any pin can be
made the principal locator. However, if one of the holes
is larger then the principal locator will be placed in the
larger hole.
⚫ The second locator is made slightly smaller than the
hole and relieved from both sides to take care of the
variation in the X direction. The cylindrical surfaces
will locate the part in the Y direction.
37.
38. IES – 1998, 1999
Diamond pin location is used in a fixture because
(a) It does not wear out
(b) It takes care of any variation in centre distance
between two holes
(c) It is easy to clamp the part on diamond pins
(d) It is easy to manufacture
39. IES - 2009
A lever having two precisely drilled holes, one
smaller than the other, has to be located in a fixture
using hardened and ground plugs for further
machining in relation to the holes. Select the
correct method of locating the lever from the given
alternatives.
(a) Using two hardened and ground plugs, the smaller
one having flats machined on each side
(b) Using two hardened and ground plugs
(c) Using one hardened and ground plug and one
V-block
(d) Using two V-blocks
40. IES - 1995
If the diameter of the hole is subject to considerable
variation, then for locating in jigs and fixtures, the
pressure type of locator used is
(a) Conical locator
(b) Cylindrical locator
(c) Diamond pin locator
(d) Vee locator
41. Setting Blocks
⚫ After the fixture has been securely clamped to the
machine table , the work piece which is correctly located
in the fixture , has to be set in correct relationship to the
cutters.
⚫ This is achieved by the use of setting blocks and feeler
gauges.
⚫ The setting blocks is fixed to the fixture.
⚫ Feeler gauges are placed between the cutter and
reference planes on the setting block so that the correct
depth of the cut and correct lateral setting is obtained.
42.
43. IES - 2005
Match List I (An Element of Jigs and Fixtures) with List
II (Associating System) and select the correct answer
using the code given below the Lists:
List I List II
A Bush 1. Milling fixture
B. Setting block 2. Turning fixture
C. Diamond pin 3. Radial location
D. V-block 4. Cylindrical location
5. Drill jigs
Codes:A B C D A B C D
(a) 5 4 3 1 (b) 3 1 2 4
(c) 5 1 3 4 (d) 3 4 2 1
44. IES-2011
With the help of a neat sketch, explain the working of
the diamond pin locator.
[5-marks]
46. Ejectors
⚫ Used to remove work from close-fitting locators, such
as full nests or ring nests.
⚫ These devices speed up the unloading of the part from
the tool, which reduces the in-tool time and increases
the production rate.
47. IES - 2000
Match List I (Components used in jigs and fixtures) with List II
(Their functions) and select the correct answer using the codes
given below the Lists:
List I List II
A. Jack pin 1. To guide the drill bit during machining
B. V-locator 2. For easy removal of the work piece from the
jig or fixture after the machining operation is over
C. Bushes 3. To locate the circular or
semicircular objects in a jig or fixture
D. Ejectors 4. To locate work piece whose dimensions are
subject to variations
Code: A B C D A B C D
(a) 3 4 1 2 (b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 3 4 2 1 (d) 4 3 2 1
48. Clamping
⚫ To restrain the workpiece completely a clamping device
is required.
⚫ Holds the workpiece securely in a jig or fixture against
the forces applied over it during on operation.
⚫ Device should be incorporated into the fixture, proper
clamp in a fixture directly influence the accuracy and
quality of the work done and production cycle time.
49. Strap Clamps
⚫ Based upon the lever principles to amplify the
clamping force required.
⚫ By tightening the stud the clamping force is transferred
to the part.
⚫ Heel pin is the fulcrum about which the lever acts
while the clamping force is applied at the stud by
tightening the screw.
⚫ The actual amplification of the applied force depends
upon the distance between the stud and the heel pin
(B), and that between the stud and the part (A).
50.
51. Screw Clamps
⚫ A much faster way of applying clamping is to make use
of either a swing washer or a cee-washer if the
workpiece has a bore for clamping.
⚫ A swing washer can be used to clamp a part having a
hole.
⚫ This helps in loading and unloading the part quickly.
⚫ The only condition is that the hole used for clapping
should be larger than the nut used for clamping.
⚫ A cee-washer is similar to a swing washer, which
remains loose unlike a swing washer. Other-wise,
application is very similar.
52.
53. Cam Clamps
⚫ Provide clamping force because of the contour of the cam
surface that comes into contact with the plate used for the
clamping.
⚫ Plate is pushed down by the cam against the spring
pressure to hold the part in place.
⚫ Cam clamps are quick in operation.
⚫ Cam clamps are of three types, eccentric cam, flat spiral
cam and cylindrical cam.
⚫ The design shown in Fig. is flat spiral and is the most
commonly used clamp.
Fig. A cam clamp used
for quick and easy
clamping a part
54. ⚫ The design shown is indirect pressure clamping where
the pressure is transmit to the part through the plate.
This is more stable and the vibrations during
machining do not affect the a part clamping.
Fig. An example of a
fixture held by a cam
clamp
55. Toggle Clamps
⚫ A toggle clamp is a quick acting mechanical linkage where
two of the elements make up a toggle action.
⚫ Toggle clamps are mainly used because of their fast action
for clamping and unclamping, their ability to completely
clear the work piece and the force Fixture amplification
possible for clamping.
Fig. A push-pull
type toggle
clamp
56. Equalizers
⚫ When the clamping force is to be applied at more than
one location then an equalizing clamp is useful. In this
type of clamp the link arm system is being used to
apply an equally divided clamping force to a pair of
clamps acting on the same component. It is also
possible to use this system of clamping to clamp two
parts.
⚫ This is particularly useful in a condition where the
operator may be denied easy access to one or other of
the clamps.
58. IES - 1995
Match List I with List Ii and select the correct answer using the
codes given below the lists:
List I (Task) List II (Recommendation)
A. Three components in a straight 1. Clamp with a
floating pad.
line should worked in one loading
B. Unloading of clamp element from jig is essential
2. Quick action nut
C. Clamping of rough surfaces 3. Cam clamp
D. Need for heavy clamping force 4. Equalising clamp
5. Strap clamp
Code: A B C D A B C D
(a) 5 2 3 4 (b) 4 2 1 5
(c) 1 4 2 3 (d) 4 1 5 3
59. IES - 2005
Which one of the following is the most significant
property to be considered in the selection of
material for the manufacture of locating pins and
drill jig buses used in jigs and fixtures?
(a) Wear resistance (b) Elasticity
(c) Shear strength (d) Tensile strength
60. IES - 1996
Assertion (A): A workpiece with rough un-machined
surface can be located in a jig or fixture on three
supporting points.
Reason (R): Indexing is made accurate by
supporting on three points.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the
correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
61. IES - 1996
Consider the following statements:
The cutter setting block in a milling fixture
1. Sets the cutting tool with respect of two of its surfaces.
2. Limits the total travel required by the cutter during
machining.
3. Takes location from the location scheme of the
component.
(a) 1,2 and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct
62. IES - 1993
The floating position of the holding fixture in a
rotary transfer device is used to
(a) Improve the accuracy of location
(b) Reduce the tendency to over index
(c) Reduce the cycle time
(d) Improve upon the acceleration and deceleration
characteristics
63. GATE – 2009 (PI)
Match the following:
(a) P-1, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (b) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
(c) P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2 (d) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
Device Function
P. Jig 1. Helps to place the workpiece in the same
position cycle after cycle
Q. Fixture 2. Holds the workpiece only
R. Clamp 3. Holds and positions the workpiece
S. Locator 4. Holds and positions the workpiece and
guides the cutting tool during a machining
operation