Jigs and fixtures are used to precisely locate and clamp workpieces during machining operations. They improve accuracy and efficiency. Jigs also guide cutting tools. Proper locating methods restrict undesirable workpiece movement. Locating surfaces and pins position the workpiece. Clamping then firmly holds it against cutting forces. Various clamping methods are used depending on the application, including screw clamps, strap clamps, and quick-acting clamps. Careful consideration of factors like strength, position, and productivity is important in fixture design.
What does clamping mean in context of jigs and fixtures?
Principles of Clamping
Different types of Clamping Devices, their advantaged and disadvantages
What does clamping mean in context of jigs and fixtures?
Principles of Clamping
Different types of Clamping Devices, their advantaged and disadvantages
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
Unit 2 Machinability, Cutting Fluids, Tool Life & Wear, Tool MaterialsMechbytes
Concept of machinability, machinability index, factors affecting machinability
Different mechanism of tool wear types of tool wear (crater, flank etc.), Measurement and control of tool wear
Concept of tool life, Taylor's tool life equation (including modified version)
Different tool materials and their applications including effect of tool coating
Introduction to economics of machining
Cutting fluids: types, properties, selection and application methods
education is a key for everything so the objective of this slide is to share knowledge to the glob in my area of specialization.
This lecture note is basically designed for mechanical Engineering Manufacturing stream students and Instructors.
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
Unit 2 Machinability, Cutting Fluids, Tool Life & Wear, Tool MaterialsMechbytes
Concept of machinability, machinability index, factors affecting machinability
Different mechanism of tool wear types of tool wear (crater, flank etc.), Measurement and control of tool wear
Concept of tool life, Taylor's tool life equation (including modified version)
Different tool materials and their applications including effect of tool coating
Introduction to economics of machining
Cutting fluids: types, properties, selection and application methods
education is a key for everything so the objective of this slide is to share knowledge to the glob in my area of specialization.
This lecture note is basically designed for mechanical Engineering Manufacturing stream students and Instructors.
igs and fixtures are specialised tools used in manufacturing to secure workpi...yhchauhan
igs and fixtures are specialised tools used in manufacturing to secure workpieces and guide cutting or shaping tools, ensuring precision and repeatability in production processes.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINING FIXTURE FOR BD65 FINAL DRIVE CASE ON HORI...IAEME Publication
A machining fixture is a device used to hold or support work in the manufacturing
industry. By using the specifications of the horizontal machining center, we designed
and analyzed the 3D model of the fixture in the software. For the final drive case, this
machining fixture on LH & RH is used for Bharath dozers 65 ton capacity. This
horizontal machining center will increase production rates, reduce demand for labor,
save time. This machine will be performed after production hours, after operations
such as drilling, boring, tapping, reaming, threading. Using a fixture improves the
economy of production by enabling smooth operation and rapid transition from part
to part, reducing the skilled labor requirement to simplify set-up and use of fixtures,
and increasing compliance across a production run
DESIGN OF FIXTURE OF CONNECTING ROD FOR BORING OPERATIONijsrd.com
Connecting rod is very important part of engine. It should be accurately machined with the acceptable tolerance. Also the fluctuations of dimensions in work-piece to work piece should be minimum so that it will be easier to assemble in engine. But it has been observed that the required dimensions for the bolt diameter and smaller end diameter for the connecting rod are not continuously achievable by using the existing fixture. The diameters required of the bolts and the smaller end of the said connecting rod are 10±0.05 mm and 24±0.01 mm respectively The aim of this project is to design and development of a new fixture for machining (Boring) operation using designing software's i.e. Pro E and analysis using ANSYS ,which can eliminate the said problems. And the production rate will also increase up to 15% which is quite objective. So for that, a new hydraulic fixture is designed and observed that dimensional accuracy, increased production rate up to 15% and more output per day with boring operation. Which defines process is satisfactory enough and validates the project.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
2. Jigs and fixtures are the economical ways to
produce a component in mass.
These are special work holding and tool guiding
device.
Quality of the performance of a process largely
influenced by the quality of jigs and fixtures used for
this purpose.
The main purpose of a fixture is to locate and in the
cases hold a workpiece during an operation
3. A jig differs from a fixture - it guides the
tool to its correct position or towards its correct
movement during an operation in addition to
locating and supporting the workpiece.
An example of jig is when a key is
duplicated, the original key is used as base for
the path reader which guides the movement of
tool to make its duplicate key.
4. PURPOSE AND ADVANTAGES OF JIGSAND
FIXTURES
1) It reduces or sometimes eliminates the efforts of
marking, measuring and setting of workpiece on a
machine and maintains the accuracy of
performance.
2) The workpiece and tool are relatively located at
their exact positions before the operation
automatically within negligible time. So it reduces
product cycle time.
3) Variability of dimension in mass production is very
low so manufacturing processes supported by use
of jigsand fixtures maintain a consistent quality.
5. PURPOSE AND ADVANTAGES OF JIGSAND
FIXTURES
(4)Due to low variability in dimension assembly
operation becomes easy, low rejection due to les
defective production is observed.
(5)It reduces the production cycle time so increases
production capacity. Simultaneously working by more
than one tool on the same workpiece is possible.
(6)The operating conditions like speed, feed rate and
depth of cut can be set to higher values due to rigidity
of clamping of workpiece by jigsand fixtures.
6. PURPOSE AND ADVANTAGES OF JIGSAND
FIXTURES
(7)Operators working becomes comfortable as his
efforts in setting the workpiece can be eliminated.
(8)Semi-skilled operators can be assigned the work so
it saves the cost of manpower also.
(9)There is no need to examine the quality of product
provided that quality of employed jigs and fixtures is
ensured.
7. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS WHILE
DESIGNING JIGS AND FIXTURES
(a) Study of workpiece and finished component size and
geometry.
(b) Type and capacity of the machine, its extent of automation.
(c) Provision of locating devices in the machine.
(d) Available clamping arrangements in the machine.
(e) Available indexing devices, their accuracy.
(f) Evaluation of variability in the performance results of the
machine.
(g) Rigidity and of the machine tool under consideration.
(h) Study of ejecting devices, safety devices, etc.
(i) Required level of the accuracy in the work and quality to
be produced.
8. Location refers to the establishment of
a desired relationship between the
workpiece and the jigs or fixture correctness
of location directly influences the accuracy
of the finished product.
LOCATION???...
9. The jigs and fixtures are desired so that all
undesirable movements of the workpiece can be
restricted.
Determination of the locating points and
clamping of the workpiece serve to restrict
movements of the component in any direction,
while setting it in a particular pre-decided
position relative to the jig.
10. Before deciding the locating points it is
advisable to find out the all possible
degrees of freedom of the workpiece.
Then some of the degrees of freedom or
all of them are restrained by making
suitable arrangements. These arrangements
are called locators.
26. 3-2-1 Principle of Clamping Workpiece
It is principle of clamping widely used.
1) 3 Pin are used at Bottom
It willrestrict 4 Rotational motion (X,YAxis) and 1 Translation
motion (-Z Direction)
2) 2 Pin
It willRestrict 2 Rotational Motion (Z Axis) and 1 Translation
motion in (+X Direction)
3) 1 Pin
It willrestrict 1 Translation Motion (+Y)
And Pin 3-2-1 combined willrestrict 9 Motion
And Remaining 3 Motion is used to set work-piece at desired
location and can be restricted by Clamp.
(*Notation given i.e +X, -X . Changes according to views)
27.
28. Some basic principles or rules need to be followed
while planning for locating blanks in fixtures, such as
One or more surfaces (preferably machined) and / or
drilled / bored hole(s) are to be taken for reference
The reference surfaces should be significant and
important feature(s) based on which most of the
dimensions are laid down
Locating should be easy, quick and accurate
In case of locating by pin, the pins and their mounting
and contact points should be strong, rigid and hard
A minimum of three point must be used to locate a
horizontal flat surface
The locating pins should be as far apart as feasible
29. Vee block and cones should be used for self-
locating solid and hollow cylindrical jobs
Sight location is applicable to first – operation
location of blank with irregular surfaces produced
by casting, forging etc. when the bracket is first
located on two edges to machine the bottom
surface which willbe used for subsequent locating.
Adjustable locating pin(s) is to be used to
accommodate limited part size variation
30.
31. For locating large jobs by rough bottom
surface one of the three pins may be
replaced by a pivoted arm.
The pivoted arm provides
points.
two contact
32.
33.
34. General methods of locating
Locating blanks for machining in lathes
In lathes, where the job rotates, the blanks are located
by
fitting into self centering chuck
fitting into 4 – independent jaw chuck and dead
centre
in self –centering collets
in between live and dead centres
by using mandrel fitted into the head stock – spindle
fitting in a separate fixture which is properly clamped
on a driving plate which is coaxially fitted into the
lathe spindle.
35.
36.
37. Locating for machining in other than lathes
In machine tools like drilling machine, boring
machine, milling machine, planing machine,
broaching machine and surface grinding machine
the job remains fixed on the bed or work table of
those machine tools.
Fixtures are mostly used in the aforesaid machine
tools and jig specially for drilling, reaming etc. for
batch production.
41. In several cases, workpieces are located by
premachined (drilled, bored or pierced) holes, such as;
∗Locating by two holes where one of the pins has to
be diamond shaped to accommodate tolerance on the
distance between the holes and their diameters
∗Locating by one hole and an external pin which
presents rotation of the blank around the inner pin
∗Locating by one hole and one Vee-block
42.
43.
44. Locating on mandrel or plug Ring or disc type
work pieces are conveniently located on
mandrel or single plug.
LOCATING ON MANDRELOR PLUG
45.
46. Supporting –principles and methods
Workpiece has to be properly placed in
the jig or fixture not only for desired positioning
and orientation but also on strong and rigid
support such that the blank does not elastically
deflect or deform under the actions of the
clamping forces, cutting forces and even its own
weigh
47. Basic principles or rules to be followed while
designing or planning for supporting
should be provided at least at three
supporting
points
supporting elements and system have to be enough
strong and rigid to prevent deformation due to
clamping and cutting forces
span should not be large to cause
unsupported
sagging
supporting should keep the blank in stable condition
under the forces
48. for supporting large flat area proper recess is to be
provided, for better and stable support.
round or cylindrical workpieces should be supported
(along with locating) on strong vee block of suitable
size
heavy workpieces with pre-machined bottom surface
should be supported on wide flat areas, otherwise on
flat ended strong pins or plugs.
if more than three pins are required for supporting
large workpieces then the additional supporting pins
are to be spring loaded or adjustable
49. additional adjustable supporting pins need to be
provided
∗to compensate part size variation
∗when the supporting surface is large and irregular
∗when clamping and cutting forces are large
• ring or disc type jobs, specially requiring indexing
should be supported (and located) in mandrel
50.
51.
52.
53.
54. What is Clamping?
Once workpiece is located, it is necessary to
press it against locating surfaces and hold it there
against the force acting upon it.
The tool designer refers to this action as
clamping and the mechanisms used for this
action are known as clamps.
55. Clamping Principles
•Clamp should firmly hold the workpiece
without distorting it.
•Should overcome the maximum possible force
exerted on workpiece by using minimum
clamping force
• Easy to operate
•Vibrations should tighten the cams and wedges
in the clamp design(if any) and not loosen them
56. Types Of Clamping
• Mechanical Actuation Clamps
• Pneumatic and Hydraulic Clamps
• Vacuum Clamping
• Magnetic Clamping
• Electrostatic Clamping
• Non Mechanical Clamping
• Special Clamping Operations
57. Clamping of workpiece in fixtures
In jigs and fixtures the workpiece
or blank has to be strongly and rigidly
clamped against the supporting
surfaces and also the locating features
so that the blank does not get
displaced at all under the cutting forces
during machining.
58. While designing for clamping the
following factors essentially need to be
considered :
Clamping need to be strong and rigid enough
to hold the blank firmly during machining
Clamping should be easy, quick and
consistently adequate
Clamping should be such that it is not affected
by vibration, chatter or heavy pressure
Way of clamping and unclamping should not
hinder loading and unloading the blank in the
59. the clamp and clamping force must not damage or
deform the workpiece
clamping operation should be very simple and
quick acting when the jig or fixture is to be used
more frequently and for large volume of work ο
clamps, which move by slide or slip or tend to do
so during applying clamping forces, should be
avoided
clamping system should comprise of less number
of parts for ease of design, operation and
maintenance
60. the wearing parts should be hard or hardened and
also be easily replaceable
clamping force should act on heavy part(s) and
against supporting and locating surfaces
clamping force should be away from the
machining thrust forces
clamping method should be fool proof and safe
clamping must be reliable but also inexpensive
61. Various methods of clamping
Clamping method and system are basically of
two categories :
(a) general type without much consideration on
speed of clamping operations
(b) (b) quick acting type
63. PrinciplesofClamping
Position:
• Clamping systemshould be positioned atthicksections
of the workpiece.
• Clamping should be positioned to directtheclamping
forceon astrong,supportedpartof theworkpiece.
• Clampingon unsupported part bends
slender workpieces, affects accuracy of operation.
Distortionof
unsupported
workpiece
64. • Clamping systemshould not obstruct loadingand
unloadingof theworkpiece.
• Clamping systemshould not obstruct the pathsofcutting
tool.
• Operator should be able to operate clampseasilyand
safely
• A vertical hole drilled in the bent workpiece would
become angular when the unclamped workpiece springs
back to its originalshape.
69. PrinciplesofClamping
Strength:
• The clamping system should be capable to hold the
workpiece securely against the forces developed during
operation.
• Clamping device should be capable to be unaffected by
the vibrationsgenerated during anoperation.
• The clamping force should not dent or damage the
workpiece with excessivepressure.
70. • For clamping weakandfragileworkpiece,clampingforce
should beequally distributed over a wider area of the
workpiece.
• While clamping soft workpiece, clamps should be fitted
with pads or softer materials such as Nylon or Fibre to
prevent damage and denting of the workpiece.
• Clamping faces should be hardened by proper treatments
to minimize their wearingout.
71. PrinciplesofClamping
Productivity:
• Clamping time should be
minimised by using hand
knobs, tommy bars, knurled
screws, handwheels and
handles, so that clamp can
be tightened or loosened
manually without using
spanners.
• Most of the clamps use
hexagonalnut or hand nut
Hand operated
clampingdevices
73. PrinciplesofClamping
OperatorFatigue:
• Operator fatigueshould be taken intoaccount.
• Clamping should be operatorfriendly.
• Clampingandreleasingshould be easyand lesstime consuming.
• Maintenanceshould beeasy.
• If considerable number of clamps are to be tightened or
loosened repeatedly, it is better to use pneumatic or hydraulic
clampingwhich reducesoperatorfatigueandsavesclampingtime.
• Handnutsare more convenient for the operator than hexagonal
nutsbecausea spanner isnot required to tightenthem.
74. Methods ofClamping
Clamping method and system are basically of two
categories:
1.Generaltypewithoutmuchconsiderationof the
speedof clampingoperations.
2.Quick acting clamping method / quick action
clamps.
76. ScrewClamps
• Theyare threadeddeviceswith knurledcollar,handknob,
Allenkeys,tommybar orspannerflatsfor rotating and
tightening thescrew.
• Theyare used for lightclamping.
ScrewClamp
77. ScrewClamps
• The clamping area of screw is
providing apad.
increased by
• The clamping pad remains stationary on the
and rubs on
workpiece while the screwrotates
the conical seat of thepad.
78. ScrewClamps
• The disadvantage of screw clamp is, the clamping
pressure largely depends on the workpiece, it varies
from one workpiece toother.
• It ismore timeconsumingand moreeffortsarerequired.
84. Strap/ Plate/ BridgeClamps
• It is verysimpleandreliableclampingdevice.
• The clampingforce isapplied byspringloadednut.
StrapClamp
85. Strap/ Plate/ BridgeClamps
• Theseare made of rectangularplatesand act likelevers.
• The clamps are tightened by rotating a hexagonal nut on a
clampingscrew.
• One end of the clamp presses against the workpiece and the
other end on the heel pin.
• The toe i.e. clamping face of the clamp is curvedand the pressure
face of the heel pin is made sphericalto take care of anyvariations
intheworkpiece.
• Spherical washers permits the clamp to tilt with respect to the
screwand thenut.
86. Strap/ Plate/ BridgeClamps
• Strap clamps are provided with a washer and
spring belowtheclamp.
• The spring lifts the clamp as the nut is loosened and
workpiece becomesfree.
• The Springholds the clamp inaraisedpositionduring
loading and unloading of the workpiece.
• Washerprevents the entry of the spring in the hole of
the clamp.
• Clamp isrotatedaboutthe studto release theworkpiece.
87. StrapClamp:WorkpieceVariation
• The clamp is prevented from rotating during clamping by
providing pinatthe heel-end.
• The clamp stud isusuallyatleast10mmindiameterand nearerto
the toe-end than heel-end of theclamp.
90. RetractableStrapClamp
• When clamps fall in
loading and unloading,
the path of
they are
made slotted to permit linear
withdrawal.
• Theclampisretracedto the position
shown by chain dotted line during
loading and unloading of the
workpiece.
• Slotted clamp plate so that the
workpiece can be released without
clamprotation.
• Adjustable heel pin is used where
workpiece height is likely to vary
moreconsiderably.
SlottedStrapClampwith
adjustable heelpin
94. SwingingStrapClamp
• Thistype of clampcanberotatedby90oto clearthe passagefor loading and
unloading theworkpiece.
• Theclampis swungto the position shownby the chaindotted line during loading
and unloading oftheworkpieces.
SwingingStrapClamp
95. SpecialStrap
Clamp
• Theclampshapecanbe changedto suitthe workpieceandtheoperation.
SpiderClamporThree-point Clamp
• Circularandsymmetricalworkpiecescanbe clampedwell with a spider clamp
havingthree clampingpoints, no heel pin isnecessary.
100. EdgeStrapClamp
• EdgeClampsare used for clampingworkpieces on the edges
during facing operationsorwhenonlyhorizontalsurfaceisto be
machined.
• Tightening of thehexagonalnutwedgesthe clamp between the
workpiece and the angularheelsurface.
EdgeStrapClamp
101. EdgeJawClamp
• Edgejawclamp slidesdown the inclinedheelasthe
hexagonal nut istightened.
• Tightening of the hexagonalnut pushes the jawagainst
the workpiece to clampits edge.
EdgeJawClamp
103. PivotedStrapClamp
• Clamps are often pivotedatthe centreto simplify their
operation.
• Knurledheadedscrewisused to loosen and tighten the
clamp.
Pivoted
StrapClamp
104. PivotedEdgeClamp
• Pivotpinisnearer to theclampingpoint.
• Screwisshifted to the end opposite theclampingpoint.
• Clamping screwbecomes more accessibleto theoperator.
PivotedEdge
Clamps
105. PivotedTwo-wayClamp
• Pivot action can be used for two-wayclamping of the
workpiece.
• Tightening of the screw makes the curved surface of the
clamp touch the workpiece and further tightening of
the screw clamps the workpiece vertically and
horizontally.
• Two-wayclamp also pushes the workpiece againsttwo
locators.
109. • Hinged clamp provides rapid clearance of the passagefor
loading andunloading.
• It is clamped with swingingeyebolt. The clamp has open
slot through which the eyebolt can be swung into
position.
• Tightening of the hexagonalnutclamps theworkpiece.
• For loading and unloading the workpiece, the hexagonal
nut is loosened half-a-turn and the eyebolt is swung out
of the open slot to free the hingedplate.
HingedClamp
110. Hinged Two-wayClamp
• Workpiece is pushed against the location pins by the
pivoted edge clamp which also houses the swinging
eyebolt.
• Knurled nut is used to clamp the workpiece against the
locationpins.
• Workpiece is clamped in two direction by the edge
clampandthe padin the hinge.
• For loading and unloading the workpiece, the knurled
nut is loosened half-a-turn and the eyebolt is swung out
of the open slot to free thehingedplate.
113. CWasher
• Strapclampwith an openslot.
• Simpleandquickinoperation.
• Slot permits quick removalof CWasher aftera slightloosening of
the hexagonalnut.
• C washer is often chained to the fixture or pivoted around a
shoulder screwto prevent itsloss.
• Pivot shoulder screwmakes the Cwashercaptive.
115. SwingingClam
ps
• Thesesclampsareswungto the position.
• Theyrotate in the planeof the plate.
• Figuredepict the swingingclamppivoted
about the shoulderscrew.
• Workpiece is clamped by knurled head
screw.
117. SwingingClam
ps
• Swinginglatch with anopenslot atone end..
• Thelatch isswungaround pivot Pat the otherend.
• ShoulderscrewSentersthe open slot duringoperation.
• Theworkpieceisclampedby knurled headscrew.
118. SwingingClam
ps
• Typesof latchesand their methods
of operation.
• Chain-dotted line shows the latches
in their clear loading and unloading
position.
• Shoulderscrewsare often usedas
pivots for thrustpads.
• The shoulder diameter must be
bigger than the thrust diameter so
that the shoulder face acts as a stop
when the screwistightened.
124. QuickTurnScrew/
ThumbScre
w
• It is used to clamp hingedjig platesand
latcheswithinaquarterturn.
• In unclamped position head of the thumb
screw can pass through the slot provided in
the jig/latchplate.
• The plate can swung clear of the thumb
screwhead.
• For clamping, the thumb screw is turned
90o so its head is right angles to the slot in
the plate.
• The mating surface of the thumb screw
headmust be filedforproperclamping.
• Quarter-turn screws are suitable for light
loadsonly.
• Forheavyloads,swingingeyeboltandknob
combination isused.
126. Ca
m
• Quickclampingby camis veryeffective andverysimple inoperation.
• Thecamtype clampingsystemisusedfor clampingthrough someinterior parts
where other simple systemwill not haveaccess.
130. General clamping methods of common use :
• Screw operated strap clamps
The clamping end of the strap is pressed against
a spring which enables quick unclamping
Common strap type clamping
131. Clamping from side for unobstructed through
machining (like milling, planing and broaching)
of the top surface.
Clamping from side for free machining of the top surface
132. Clamping by swing plates
Such clamping, are simple and relatively quick in
operation but is suitable for jobs of relatively
smaller size, simpler shape and requiring lesser
clamping forces.
Clamping by swing plates
133. Other conventional clamping methods
include :
∗Vices like drilling and milling vices
∗Magnetic chucks
∗Chucks and collets for lathe work
134. Quick clamping methods and systems
ο Use of quick acting nut – a typical of
such nut and its application
Quick acting nut for rapid clamping
135. Cam clamping
Quick clamping by cam is very effective and very
simple in operation. Some popular methods and
systems of clamping by cam.
The cam and screw type clamping system is used
for clamping through some interior parts where other
simple system willnot have access.
138. Quick multiple clamping by pivoted clamps
in series and parallel. This method is capable to
simultaneously clamp number of rods even with
slight diameter variation
Quick multiple locating and clamping of cylindrical jobs