This document discusses irrigation engineering and different irrigation methods. It defines irrigation engineering as the process of supplying water to crops artificially. The main methods discussed are surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and subsurface irrigation. Surface irrigation is the most common worldwide and includes flooding, furrow, and contour farming methods. Flooding involves allowing water to flow freely, furrow uses trenches between rows, and contour farming grows crops across slopes.
Topics:
1, Introduction to Irrigation
2. Methods of Irrigation
3. Indian Agricultural Soils
4. Methods of Improving Soil Fertility & Crop Rotation
5. Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
6. Duty and Delta
7. Depth and Frequency of Irrigation
8. Irrigation Efficiency and Water Logging
Topics:
1, Introduction to Irrigation
2. Methods of Irrigation
3. Indian Agricultural Soils
4. Methods of Improving Soil Fertility & Crop Rotation
5. Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
6. Duty and Delta
7. Depth and Frequency of Irrigation
8. Irrigation Efficiency and Water Logging
This power point presentation will give a complete idea of types of irrigation, water requirement of crops, duty, delta, canal revenue etc. This presentation also contain the numerical for complete understanding the concepts.
Introduction:
Necessity of irrigation- scope of irrigation engineering- benefits and ill effects of irrigation- irrigation development in India- types of irrigation systems, Soil-water plant relationship: Classification of soil water- soil
moisture contents- depth of soil water available to plants-permanent
and ultimate wilting point
Water requirements of crops:
Depth of water applied during irrigation- Duty of water and deltaimprovement
of duty- command area and intensity of irrigation consumptive use of water and evapotranspiration- irrigation efficiencies- assessment of irrigation water
For More Visit - www.civilengineeringadda.com
Irrigation Efficiency
Water conveyance Efficiency
It takes into account, conveyance or transit losses such as seepage through canal and evaporation through it.
η_c=W_f/W_r ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
Wr = water delivered from river or stream
Water Application Efficiency
It is the ratio of water stored in root zone to the water delivered to the field.
η_a=W_s/W_f ×100
Where, WS = water weight stored in root zone
WS = Wf – deep percolation – runoff
Wf = water delivered to the field
This efficiency is also called as farm efficiency and it depends on the irrigation technique that has been adopted.
Water use efficiency
It is the ratio of water used beneficially or consumptively to the water delivered to the field.
η_u=W_u/W_f ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
WU = consumptively used water
Water Storage Efficiency
This is the ratio of actual water stored in the root zone to the water needed to be stored to bring the moisture content upto field capacity.
Water Distribution efficiency
This evaluate the degree to which water is uniformly distributed to the root zone throughout the field area.
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
y = Average numerical deviation in the depth of water stored from the average depth stored during irrigation
Question – the depths of penetration along the length of a border strip at points 30 m apart were proved. There observed values are 2 m, 1.9 m, 1.8 m, 1.6 m and 1.5 m. Compute the water distribution efficiency.
Solution –
Water distribution efficiency,
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
d = (2+1.9+1.8+1.6+1.5)/5=1.76
And y = average numerical deviation
y = 1/5((2-1.76)+(1.9-1.76)+(1.8-1.76)+(1.76-1.6)+(1.76-1.5)=0.168
Therefore,
η_d=(1-0.168/1.76)×100
η_d=90.45%
Consumptive Use Efficiency
It is the ratio of water used consumptively to the net amount of water from the root zone.
Introduction
Necessity and scope of irrigation
Engineering - benefits and ill effects of irrigation
Irrigation development in India
Classification and types of irrigation systems
Soil-water plant relationship and Type of soil
Water requirements of crop and its Important terminology
Duty delta and base period and Irrigation efficiencies
Method of measuring irrigation water
References
This Presentation covers the topic of surface and subsurface tile drainage which is the part of canal irrigation. The content covered in this has been explained thoroughly with theory and Diagrams related to the topics and consists of various pictures to explain the content completely .Thank you.
This power point presentation will give a complete idea of types of irrigation, water requirement of crops, duty, delta, canal revenue etc. This presentation also contain the numerical for complete understanding the concepts.
Introduction:
Necessity of irrigation- scope of irrigation engineering- benefits and ill effects of irrigation- irrigation development in India- types of irrigation systems, Soil-water plant relationship: Classification of soil water- soil
moisture contents- depth of soil water available to plants-permanent
and ultimate wilting point
Water requirements of crops:
Depth of water applied during irrigation- Duty of water and deltaimprovement
of duty- command area and intensity of irrigation consumptive use of water and evapotranspiration- irrigation efficiencies- assessment of irrigation water
For More Visit - www.civilengineeringadda.com
Irrigation Efficiency
Water conveyance Efficiency
It takes into account, conveyance or transit losses such as seepage through canal and evaporation through it.
η_c=W_f/W_r ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
Wr = water delivered from river or stream
Water Application Efficiency
It is the ratio of water stored in root zone to the water delivered to the field.
η_a=W_s/W_f ×100
Where, WS = water weight stored in root zone
WS = Wf – deep percolation – runoff
Wf = water delivered to the field
This efficiency is also called as farm efficiency and it depends on the irrigation technique that has been adopted.
Water use efficiency
It is the ratio of water used beneficially or consumptively to the water delivered to the field.
η_u=W_u/W_f ×100
Where, Wf = water delivered to the field
WU = consumptively used water
Water Storage Efficiency
This is the ratio of actual water stored in the root zone to the water needed to be stored to bring the moisture content upto field capacity.
Water Distribution efficiency
This evaluate the degree to which water is uniformly distributed to the root zone throughout the field area.
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
y = Average numerical deviation in the depth of water stored from the average depth stored during irrigation
Question – the depths of penetration along the length of a border strip at points 30 m apart were proved. There observed values are 2 m, 1.9 m, 1.8 m, 1.6 m and 1.5 m. Compute the water distribution efficiency.
Solution –
Water distribution efficiency,
η_d=(1-y/d)×100
Where, d = average depth
d = (2+1.9+1.8+1.6+1.5)/5=1.76
And y = average numerical deviation
y = 1/5((2-1.76)+(1.9-1.76)+(1.8-1.76)+(1.76-1.6)+(1.76-1.5)=0.168
Therefore,
η_d=(1-0.168/1.76)×100
η_d=90.45%
Consumptive Use Efficiency
It is the ratio of water used consumptively to the net amount of water from the root zone.
Introduction
Necessity and scope of irrigation
Engineering - benefits and ill effects of irrigation
Irrigation development in India
Classification and types of irrigation systems
Soil-water plant relationship and Type of soil
Water requirements of crop and its Important terminology
Duty delta and base period and Irrigation efficiencies
Method of measuring irrigation water
References
This Presentation covers the topic of surface and subsurface tile drainage which is the part of canal irrigation. The content covered in this has been explained thoroughly with theory and Diagrams related to the topics and consists of various pictures to explain the content completely .Thank you.
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irriggation is the main contibution of food to the humans and we need to know how difficult it is to raise a crop and its failures in respective seasons . A small help to farmers to know the techiques used in farming.
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Bio
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We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
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2. CONTENTS:
• WHAT IS IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
• DEFINITION
• METHODS OF IRRIGATION
3. WHAT IS IRRIGATION ENGINEERING:
• Water is required for agriculture.
• Sometimes this water requirement is fulfilled
by rain, but there are some dry areas where
irrigation is the only process by which water
is supplied to crops.
6. SURFACE IRRIGATION:
• Surface irrigation is defined as the group of
application techniques where water is applied
and distributed over the soil surface by
gravity.
• It is by far the most common form of
irrigation throughout the world and has been
practiced in many areas virtually unchanged
for thousands of years..
8. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION:
• Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying
irrigation water which is similar to natural
rainfall.
• Water is distributed through a system of pipes
usually by pumping.
• It is then sprayed into the air through
sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water
drops which fall to the ground.
10. DRIP IRRIGATION:
• Drip irrigation is a technique in which water
flows through a filter into special drip pipes,
with emitters located at different spacing.
• Water is distributed through the emitters
directly into the soil near the roots through a
special slow-release device.
12. SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION:
• Subsurface irrigation consists of methods
whereby irrigation water is applied below the
soil surface.
• The specific type of irrigation method varies
depending on the depth of the water table.
When the water table is well below the
surface, drip or trickle irrigation emission
devices can be buried below the soil surface
(usually within the plant root zone).
15. FLOODING METHOD:
• Some methods of flood control have been
practiced since ancient times.
• These methods include planting vegetation to
retain extra water, terracing hillsides to slow
flow downhill, and the construction of flood
ways (man-made channels to divert
floodwater).
17. FURROW METHOD:
• Furrow irrigation is a type of surface
irrigation in which trenches or “furrows” are
dug between crop rows in a field.
• Farmers flow water down the furrows (often
using only gravity) and it seeps vertically and
horizontally to refill the soil reservoir.
• Flow to each furrow is individually
controlled.
18.
19. CONTOUR FARMING:
• Contour farming is growing crops "on the
level" across or perpendicular to a slope rather
than up and down the slope.
• The rows running across the slope are
designed to be as level as possible to facilitate
tillage and planting operations on the
contour.
22. WILD FLOODING:
• Wild flooding is when water is allowed to flow
freely across farmland. It is a relatively cheap
form of irrigation, but uses water inefficiently
and some areas get more than others.
