What is irrigation
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This document discusses irrigation and its importance. It defines irrigation as applying water to land to supply crops and plants with necessary water. Irrigation is important because in the next few decades, world food production will need to double to meet population demands, and 70% of increased production must come from irrigated land. The document then lists several benefits of irrigation such as increased crop yields and protection from famine. It concludes by describing different irrigation systems including ditch irrigation, terraced irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, rotary systems, and center pivot irrigation.
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All living organisms require food to provide nutrients for development, growth, and health. Efforts to increase food production through irrigation and other means have led to some successes, such as increased grain production during the Green Revolution. This document discusses various ways of irrigating crops to increase yields, including surface irrigation, drip irrigation, and the importance of irrigation for agriculture given increasing water scarcity in many parts of the world.
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are fertility of soil, nutrition’s available in soil, water availability
in that area, atmospheric conditions .All these parameters are
playing the measure roll regarding the productivity of crop .In
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communications, sensor networks, and other complementary
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measurement of these parameters in order to avoid unnecessary
exposure to unhealthy ambient conditions, assure maximum
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1. A group of 6 students will present on the topic of sprinkler irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation can save up to 50% of water compared to surface irrigation.
2. Sprinkler irrigation works by using pressurized sprinklers located on pipes to discharge water into the air so it infiltrates near where it lands.
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Drip irrigation has several advantages over other irrigation methods:
1. It irrigates the plant and not the soil directly, delivering water through a pipe with small drippers to each plant.
2. It allows for each plant to receive the same amount of water uniformly.
3. It results in a denser, more efficient root system and higher irrigation efficiency of 95% compared to 60-80% for sprinklers.
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playing the measure roll regarding the productivity of crop .In
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productivity and provide value-added quality. This paper aims to
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1. A group of 6 students will present on the topic of sprinkler irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation can save up to 50% of water compared to surface irrigation.
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3. It results in a denser, more efficient root system and higher irrigation efficiency of 95% compared to 60-80% for sprinklers.
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Saves the water as the consumption decreases by 30% to 50%.
Reduces the problem of salinization and water-logging.
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- Protected cultivation in polyhouses allows for controlled temperature, atmosphere, and soil moisture near field capacity, ideal for crops with high water needs.
- Rainwater harvesting by collecting roof runoff can provide adequate, quality water for drip irrigation systems.
- Drip irrigation uses less water (30-70% savings) and fertilizer, increases yields 30-100%, and has other benefits over flood irrigation.
- Fertigation, or applying fertilizers through irrigation water, increases nutrient uptake and reduces chemicals needed compared to dry applications. Precise fertigation dosing and
9.Fertigation a method of fertilizer application lets see A Lecture By Mr. Al...
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Las redes sociales en Internet hacen visible las relaciones débiles con amigos de amigos y contactos, permitiendo un acceso más rápido a ellos. Una red social es una página donde los usuarios crean perfiles con información personal y establecen contactos. Redes como Facebook se han convertido en plataformas que incorporan otros servicios y permiten a desarrolladores crear aplicaciones, haciendo que los vínculos débiles sean más fuertes en el mundo virtual.
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Similar to What is irrigation
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
This document summarizes an individual portable drip irrigation system designed for small farmers in India. The system uses locally available materials like empty oil cans, intravenous bottles and tubing, wooden planks, nails and rope. Water is gravity fed through the tubing from the elevated cans to the base of each plant. The components and setup are described. Calculations are shown for estimated flow rates through the tubing based on tube length and diameter. Water requirements are estimated for horticultural crops like mango using evapotranspiration rates. A case study demonstrates installing the system for 15 mango trees, with materials costing approximately Rs. 325 per system. The system provides water directly to plants' root zones at low cost without electricity
Characteristic of crop and farming system affecting irrigation management
Ramnath Potai presents on characteristics of irrigation and farming systems affecting irrigation management. Key factors to consider when selecting an irrigation system include soil type, topography, water resources, crop selection, and economic conditions. Surface irrigation methods include basin, border and furrow irrigation. Other methods discussed are drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and automatic irrigation systems. Farming systems combine appropriate enterprises like crops, livestock, and forestry. Components like soil type, topography, water availability, crop and livestock selection, labor, and economic conditions interact with and affect irrigation management.
Irrigation engineering
Important topics of Irrigation Engineering :
1. METHOD OF IRRIGATION
2. METHOD OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM
3. CROP GROWING IN GUJARAT
4. DIVERTION HEAD WORKS
5. CANAL REGULATION WORKS
6. CANAL FALLS,CANAL ESCAPE, CANAL OUTLETS
7. DAMS IN INDIA
8. MAJAOR DAMS OF GUJARAT
Drip irrigation seminar report.....
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by K. Ganesh to partially fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It discusses drip irrigation, including an introduction to irrigation methods, the need for drip irrigation, components and workings of a drip irrigation system, design and layout considerations, system controls, system maintenance, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and conclusions. The report contains detailed sections on the water source, pumping system, distribution system, drip tape, injectors, filtration system, pressure regulators, and other elements involved in drip irrigation systems.
Advances in irrigation agronomy
This presentation discusses advances in irrigation methods for agriculture. It introduces different types of irrigation systems including flood, sprinkler, and drip irrigation. Flood irrigation involves flooding fields with water through ditches or pipes. Sprinkler irrigation uses pumps to spray water into the air to water crops. Drip irrigation applies water slowly through emitters installed on pipes near plant roots. The presentation examines important factors for irrigation like water availability, crop needs, and climate conditions. It suggests ways to improve irrigation through more efficient water use, soil management, and landscape features to conserve water resources.
What are the benefits of using wastewater irrigation in agriculture
Wastewater irrigation in agriculture provides several key benefits:
It reduces costs for farmers by providing a nutrient-rich water source that can replace expensive fertilizers. Using wastewater for irrigation also helps conserve fresh water supplies and reduces water waste, while supporting higher crop yields and longer growing seasons. The higher production enabled by irrigation increases the value of farmland as well. Overall, wastewater irrigation is a sustainable practice that helps secure water resources for future generations.
Geographical Analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities Facing Jharkhand's ...
India is a land of rivers having prevalently a farming-based economy. Agriculture is the fundamental supporter of most of the general population in India and water is the most significant contribution to crop generation. The accomplishment of agriculture relies on the sufficiency and timely event of precipitation. Yet, the precipitation in India is frequently meagre, uneven and there is indeed, even all out disappointment in certain districts and during certain periods. Downpour is bound to a couple of months in a year and it shifts from year to year and district to-area which makes enormous pieces of the nation defenceless against drought. In this manner, natural distribution of water is lacking both spatially and transiently. Aside from the distinction in money saving advantage of good irrigation in various mouzas and diverse irrigation systems, the spatial example is likewise uneven at small scale level for example one irrigation framework to another irrigation framework. The Z-Score an incentive if there should be an occurrence of Co-employable RLI (+1.80) scored most astounding which shows the greatest net benefit for boro development. The most minimal score which is seen in the STW (leased) (- 1.42) poor inundated zone shows minimal benefit for boor development.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Agr 241 ansar ali
Irrigation involves supplying water to plants through artificial means to supplement rainfall and soil moisture. There are several methods of irrigation used in Bangladesh depending on soil, topography, water availability, and crop type. The main methods described include flood, check basin, border strip, furrow, and basin irrigation. Drainage is the artificial removal of excess water from crop fields and is important to improve soil structure and productivity by preventing waterlogging. The hydrologic cycle describes the natural circulation of water on Earth through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and both surface water and groundwater flow. Proper soil structure and texture are also important for irrigation and drainage as they determine water and air flow in the soil.
AgEng1-Chapter-1-FUNDAMENTAL-CONCEPTS-OF-IRRIGATION.pdf
This document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in irrigation, including definitions of key terms, factors that influence irrigation efficiency, different irrigation methods, and crop water requirements. It defines irrigation as the artificial application of water to supply moisture for plant growth. Surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation are described as the main methods. Critical growth stages and how crop water needs vary throughout growth are also covered.
Agro 101, 7.ppt
Irrigation involves applying water artificially to land or soil to supply moisture for plant growth. There are various methods of irrigation that depend on the available water sources and infrastructure. Surface irrigation methods include border, check basin, and furrow irrigation. Subsurface irrigation applies water below the ground surface through underground trenches. Sprinkler and drip irrigation are pressurized methods that distribute water through pipes and emitters. The choice of irrigation method impacts water usage, uniformity of application, and suitability for different soil and crop types.
Traditional agriculture and its modernization questions by Ishita Agarwal
Traditional agriculture relied on outdated methods using indigenous knowledge and tools. Modernization introduced high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation techniques to increase production. Key differences are traditional agriculture used few inputs while modern uses technology and chemicals. Reforms included land reforms, credit access, irrigation expansion, and price supports to boost output and farmer incomes. Technological reforms centered on the Green Revolution while institutional reforms privatized sectors and deregulated rents.
Irrigation methods
This document compares different irrigation methods, including their drawbacks and benefits. It discusses four surface irrigation methods (flooding, bed or border method, basin method, and furrow method), subsurface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and drip or trickle irrigation. For each method, it provides details on how the method works, suitable crop adaptations, advantages, and disadvantages. The key information provided is comparisons of the different irrigation methods, focusing on their applications, efficiencies, costs, and suitability for different soil and crop conditions.
Agr 241 prepared by sosanta paul
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an irrigation practice for rice that saves water and reduces greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining yields. It involves periodically drying and re-flooding rice fields. In Bangladesh, boro rice is fully irrigated while aman rice is partly irrigated. Research shows AWD can save 15-30% of the estimated 3,000-5,000 liters of water needed to produce one kilogram of rice, without lowering yields. The practice involves irrigating until the water table is 20cm below ground, then allowing the field to partially dry before re-flooding. This technique is being validated in Bangladesh and could help conserve irrigation water and reduce environmental impacts.
Drip irrigation and fertigation
Micro irrigation, also known as drip irrigation, provides water directly to plant roots through a network of pipes and emitters. It reduces water usage by up to 60% compared to other irrigation methods and increases crop yields by 20-50%. The document discusses the history and development of drip irrigation in India and around the world. It provides details on drip irrigation system components and how to calculate water requirements. Benefits include water savings, higher yields, and less disease/weeds. Challenges include the need for clean water and proper maintenance to prevent clogging. Drip irrigation is well-suited for orchards, farms, greenhouses, and polyhouses.
UNIT 5-1.pptx
The document discusses various types of irrigation methods including fertigation, paleo irrigation, sub-surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. It describes the key components, advantages and applications of these different irrigation techniques. Participatory irrigation management and its objectives to involve users in irrigation system management are also summarized. The principles of irrigation scheduling, distribution and organic farming are briefly covered.
alternate irrigation for arid region
This document discusses alternative irrigation systems for arid regions. It begins by justifying the need for efficient irrigation in arid regions due to increasing populations and decreasing water availability. It then defines arid regions and different types of arid zones based on rainfall. The document discusses various traditional subsurface irrigation methods used in arid regions, including buried clay pot irrigation, porous pipe irrigation, wick systems, and porous capsule irrigation. It also discusses more advanced subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) methods and their advantages over surface irrigation techniques. Research showing increased crop yields from SDI in arid regions is presented. The document concludes by stating that subsurface irrigation methods have high potential to reduce farming risk and increase profits in arid regions with less
Information About Water Irrigation
Irrigation is the application of controlled water to plants and involves various methods depending on the crop and environment. The main types are surface irrigation, micro-irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and center pivot irrigation. Surface irrigation involves distributing water over a field via gravity through methods like basin, border, and furrow irrigation. Micro-irrigation and drip irrigation are low-pressure methods that place water directly in the plant root zone to minimize water waste. Sprinkler irrigation distributes water through a network of pipes and sprinklers similar to rainfall. Center pivot irrigation rotates an arm in a circular pattern to water crops. Subsurface irrigation methods deliver water below ground.
Sprinkler Irrigation System
This document provides an overview of sprinkler irrigation systems, including their objectives, types, components, and design. The key points are:
1) Sprinkler irrigation systems apply water similar to rainfall using pressurized pipes and sprinklers. Their main objective is to apply water uniformly to crop root zones with less water than other methods.
2) Systems are classified by their sprinkler arrangement (rotating heads or perforated pipes) and portability (portable, semi-portable, semi-permanent, or permanent).
3) The main components include water pumps, tubing (mainlines, submains, laterals), sprinkler heads, fittings and accessories like filters.
4)
Irrigation.pptx
Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops artificially to fulfill their water requirements. There are different types of irrigation systems used based on soil, climate, and resources, including surface irrigation, localized irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and center pivot irrigation. Irrigation can be carried out through traditional manual methods or modern methods like sprinkler and drip systems, which help ensure even water distribution and compensate for disadvantages of traditional methods. Irrigation is important as it allows for higher crop productivity, multiple cropping per year, stabilization of crop yields, and increased farmer incomes.
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Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Characteristic of crop and farming system affecting irrigation management
Characteristic of crop and farming system affecting irrigation management
What are the benefits of using wastewater irrigation in agriculture
What are the benefits of using wastewater irrigation in agriculture
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AgEng1-Chapter-1-FUNDAMENTAL-CONCEPTS-OF-IRRIGATION.pdf
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Welcome to new year
Asadal has been running one of the biggest domain and web hosting sites in Korea since March 1998. It started in Seoul in February 1998 with the goal of providing better internet services worldwide. More than 3 million people have visited its website, www.asadal.com, for domain registration and web hosting.
Land resources of Pakistan
Land is a significant natural resource that plays an important role in human development and society. In Pakistan, land resources include agricultural land, underground water, and raw materials like minerals. While Pakistan's total land area is 79.61 million hectares, only 72% of that area has been surveyed, and cultivable land covers just 27.7% of the reported area. Globally, increasing salinization of soil and water resources due to factors like population growth and environmental degradation poses a threat by constraining food, water, fuel, and shelter availability if not addressed through sustainable agriculture practices and crop diversification. In Pakistan specifically, up to 10 million hectares are affected by salinity and water logging, mainly along coasts and
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Principles of plant disease control
Principles of Plant Disease Control outlines four main principles:
1) Avoidance/Exclusion to prevent import and spread of pathogens through quarantine, avoiding pathogen environments, and using pathogen-free materials.
2) Eradiation to reduce pathogen amounts by removing infected hosts, practicing sanitation like cleaning equipment, and rotating crops to avoid pathogen buildup.
3) Protection to directly protect plants from infection using biological controls like beneficial microorganisms or chemical controls like fungicides and bactericides.
4) Resistant varieties that possess qualities hindering pathogen development through genetic engineering to introduce pathogen-fighting genes.
maize research paper
This document outlines a study evaluating different maize varieties and their yield under climatic conditions in Swabi region, Pakistan. The study will cultivate the 'Swabi yellow' variety on one hectare and compare its yield, cob size, number of seeds, and growth to other varieties. It will introduce a new variety called 'High corn yellow 11 plus' to see if it adapts well and is more productive than local varieties. The study will take 5-6 months and cost approximately 24,900 Pakistani rupees to cover seeds, fertilizer, irrigation, and seedbed preparation.
Micro nutrients deficiency in peach
A survey was conducted of 50 peach orchards in northern Pakistan to assess micronutrient status. Soil and leaf samples were collected and analyzed for zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and boron. The results showed that most orchards had adequate levels of micronutrients in both the soil and leaves, with only 2% deficient in zinc in leaves and 6% deficient in boron. While micronutrient levels are currently sufficient, deficiencies are beginning to appear, so regular testing of orchards is recommended along with inclusion of micronutrients in fertilizers to maintain healthy soil and plant nutrient levels.
Biosphere
The biosphere consists of four main parts: the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. The biosphere is the region of Earth where life exists, including the surface and lower atmosphere. It exists primarily near the surface where sunlight is most available to drive photosynthesis. The biosphere includes interactions between living organisms (biotic factors) and their physical environment (abiotic factors), together making up ecosystems. Heterotrophs like animals obtain food by consuming other organisms, and can be primary, secondary, or tertiary consumers. The sun and water are essential for life in the biosphere, providing energy and serving as the universal solvent.
Chicken feeding system
Poultry feed is food for farm birds like chickens, ducks and geese. It needs to be a balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements. Small-scale farmers usually feed single diets while larger operations use fully formulated multi-phase diets. Feeding methods include single diets in starter, grower and finisher phases; choice feeding with compound diet and grain; and free-choice with multiple ingredients in separate feeders. Proper feeding involves providing the right feed at the appropriate times, maintaining clean feed and water, and ensuring adequate consumption and growth.
Pakistan Land and people
1) Pakistan has a population of over 200 million people comprised of various ethnic groups including Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun, Baloch, and Muhajir. The majority of Pakistanis are Muslim but there are also Christian, Hindu, and other religious minorities.
2) Pakistan is located in South Asia between Iran, Afghanistan, India, and China. It has a total area of 796,095 square kilometers and shares borders over 2,500 kilometers long with Afghanistan and Iran.
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RNA
(1) RNA occurs in nucleoli, chromosomes, and cytoplasm, with about 90% found in the cytoplasm.
(2) There are three main types of RNA - messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries DNA information, transfer RNA (tRNA) which works as an adaptor to carry amino acids during protein synthesis, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which is associated with ribosomes.
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Plant classification
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Plant cell and orgnelle
This document provides information about plant cells and their organelles. It states that plant cells have several distinctive features, including a cell wall, central vacuole, plasma desmata, and plastids. The key organelles of a plant cell are then described, including the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplasts, and starch granules. The functions of these organelles in processes like photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and transport are highlighted.
Mitosis and meiosis
This document provides an overview of mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for cell growth and replacement in the human body. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions and results in four haploid cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Both processes involve the stages of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The key differences are that meiosis involves two cell divisions while mitosis involves one, and meiosis results in genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over during prophase I.
Microscope
This document provides information about a student's microscope and the parts and functions of a compound microscope. It identifies the student (Muhammad BinNaseem) and includes their roll number, section, department, university, and email. It then describes the basic parts of a compound microscope, including the mechanical parts (base, pillar, etc.), illuminating parts (mirror, lamp), and magnifying parts (ocular, objectives). It explains some of the microscope's functions like using the aperture to transmit light and the condenser to focus light on the specimen.
Genes
Genes are loci of DNA that contain the instructions for hereditary traits. Most traits are influenced by multiple genes and gene-environment interactions. Genes can acquire mutations over time, leading to different alleles that encode variant proteins and cause phenotypic changes. The concept of a gene continues to evolve as new discoveries are made about regulatory regions, exons, and non-coding functional RNA. Broadly, any discrete locus of heritable genomic sequence that affects traits through expression or regulation can be defined as a gene.
Dna
DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine an organism's traits and is found in the nucleus of cells. DNA is made up of nucleotides containing phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases. The order of these bases forms an organism's genome and determines how cells make proteins. RNA translates the genetic information from DNA into proteins and occurs in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The main types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA which all play key roles in protein synthesis. DNA and RNA differ in that DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose, and DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded.
Algae bacteria fungi virus
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Land of tenure system
This document discusses land tenure systems. It defines tenure as derived from the Latin word "tenu" meaning to hold. It outlines the main types of land tenure systems as private, communal, open-access, and state land tenure. It notes land tenure systems are important for locating land owners, developing agriculture, and benefiting society. It also mentions problems with Pakistan's current system and features of an ideal land tenure system.
Soil horizons
Soil horizons are parallel layers found in a cross-section of soil, identified by letters beginning with O at the surface and moving downward through A, E, B, and C horizons to the underlying bedrock or parent material. The top horizons contain the most organic matter from decomposing vegetation above and below ground. Nutrients leach from the organic matter through the horizons with rainfall and weathering, causing color changes. There are 6 main horizons: O horizon at the surface contains litter; A horizon is the topsoil; B horizon is the subsoil where materials are deposited; C horizon is weathered rock; D horizon is actively weathering rock; and R horizon is the solid bedrock.
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
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What is irrigation
- 1. 1 | P a g e Name: Muhammad BinNaseem RollNumber: F16-0358 Section: A Department: Department ofAgricultural Sciences University: UniversityofHaripur Email:
- 2. 2 | P a g e muhammadbinnaseem@gmail.com SubmittedTo:- SirKhalidVaveed What is Irrigation? Definition: Irrigation means the action of applying water to land in order to supply crops and other plants with necessary water. Purpose of irrigation Irrigation is the process of supplying water, in addition to natural precipitation, to field crops, orchards, vineyards, or other cultivated plants. Irrigation water is applied to ensure that the water available in the soil is sufficient to meet crop water needs. The role of irrigation is to improve production and the effectiveness of other inputs.
- 3. 3 | P a g e Importance of Irrigation: 1. In the next 35-45- years, world food production will need to double to meet the demands of increased population. 2. 90% of this increased food production will have to come from existing lands. 3. 70% of this increased food production will have to come from irrigated land. Benefits of Irrigation: 1. Increase in Crop Yield 2. Protection from famine 3. Cultivation of superior crops 4. Elimination of mixed cropping 5. Economic development 6. Hydro power generation 7. Domestic and industrial water supply Types of Irrigation System 1. Ditch Irrigation Ditch Irrigation is a rather traditional method, where ditches are dug out and seedlings are planted in rows. The plantings are watered by placing canals or furrows in between the rows of plants. Siphon tubes are used to move the water from the main ditch to the canals. 2. Terraced Irrigation
- 4. 4 | P a g e This is a very labor-intensive method of irrigation where the land is cut into steps and supported by retaining walls. The flat areas are used for planting and the idea is that the water flows down each step, while watering each plot. This allows steep land to be used for planting crops. 3. Drip Irrigation This is known as the most water efficient method of irrigation. Water drops right near the root zone of a plant in a dripping motion. If the system is installed properly you can steadily reduce the loss of water through evaporation and runoff. 4. Sprinkler System This is an irrigation system based on overhead sprinklers, sprays or guns, installed on permanent risers. You can also have the system buried underground and the sprinklers rise up when water pressure rises, which is a popular irrigation system for use on golf courses and parks.
- 5. 5 | P a g e 5. Rotary Systems This method of irrigation is best suited for larger areas, for the sprinklers can reach distances of up to 100 feet. The word “Rotary” is indicative of the mechanical driven sprinklers moving in a circular motion, hence reaching greater distances. This system waters a larger area with small amounts of water over a longer period of time. 6. Center Pivot Irrigation This is a form of overhead irrigation. Steel or aluminum pipes are joined together, supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers. The sprinklers are situated on the length of the tower and they move in a circular motion.
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