The document presents a method for detecting glaucoma from fundus images using image processing and machine learning techniques. Fundus images of normal and glaucomatic eyes are preprocessed and the region of interest containing the optic disc is extracted. The optic disc and cup are segmented using adaptive thresholding. The neuroretinal rim is obtained by subtracting the cup from the disc. Features like cup-to-disc ratio and rim-to-disc ratio are extracted and used to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify images as normal or glaucomatic. Testing on fundus images achieved an accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 80%.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Iris recognition for personal identification using lamstar neural networkijcsit
One of the promising biometric recognition method is Iris recognition. This is because the iris texture provides many features such as freckles, coronas, stripes, furrows, crypts, etc. Those features are unique for different people and distinguishable. Such unique features in the anatomical structure of the iris make it
possible the differentiation among individuals. So during last year’s huge number of people have been
trying to improve its performance. In this article first different common steps for the Iris recognition system
is explained. Then a special type of neural network is used for recognition part. Experimental results show high accuracy can be obtained especially when the primary steps are done well.
Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease in which the optic nerve head is progressively damaged which leads to loss of
vision. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to preserving sight in people with glaucoma. Current tests using
intraocular pressure (IOP) are not sensitive enough for population based glaucoma screening. Assessment of the
damaged optic nerve head is both more promising, and superior to IOP measurement or visual field testing. This paper
presents superpixel classification based optic disc and optic cup segmentation for glaucoma screening. In optic disc
segmentation, histograms and centre surround statistics are used to classify each superpixel as disc or non-disc. For optic
cup segmentation, in addition to the histograms and centre surround statistics, the location information is also included
into the feature space to boost the performance. The segmented optic disc and optic cup are used to compute the CDR
for glaucoma screening. The Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR) of the color retinal fundus camera image is the primary identifier
to confirm Glaucoma given patient.
Keywords — IOP measurement, optic cup segmentation, optic disc segmentation, CDR.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Eye sight determination on tablet based hand held device with image processin...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Glaucoma Screening Test By Segmentation of Optical Disc& Cup Segmentation Usi...IJERA Editor
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness and it is becoming even more important considering
the ageing society. Because healing of died retinal nerve fibers is not possible early detection and prevention is
essential. Robust, automated mass-screening will help to extend the symptom-free life of affected patients. We
devised a novel, automated, appearance based glaucoma classification system that does not depend on
segmentation based measurements. Our purely data-driven approach is applicable in large-scale screening
examinations. The proposed segmentation methods have been evaluated in a database of 650 images with optic
disc and optic cup boundaries manually marked by trained professionals. Our expected Experimental results
may be average overlapping error of 9.5% and 24.1% in optic disc and optic cup segmentation, respectively.
An Approach for the Detection of Vascular Abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathyijdmtaiir
Diabetic Retinopathy is a common complication of
diabetes that is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the
retina. The blood vessels in the retina get altered. Exudates are
secreted, micro-aneurysms and hemorrhages occur in the
retina. The appearance of these features represents the degree
of severity of the disease. In this paper the proposed approach
detects the presence of abnormalities in the retina using image
processing techniques by applying morphological processing
techniques to the fundus images to extract features such as
blood vessels, micro aneurysms and exudates. These features
are used for the detection of severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.
It can quickly process a large number of fundus images
obtained from mass screening to help reduce the cost, increase
productivity and efficiency for ophthalmologists.
Development of novel BMIP algorithms for human eyes affected with glaucoma an...Premier Publishers
Glaucoma is one of the second driving eye maladies on the planet, if not treated legitimately may prompt lasting visual impairment. There are no particular side effects when the glaucoma disease is considered, especially for this type of eye disease, the effect of which is the vision loss in the human eyes. Because of measuring, the container zone increments, which will result in the vision impairment in the human eyes. Normally exceptionally prepared opthalmogists physically review eye pictures as tedious way. In this unique circumstance, we are attempting to build up some novel calculations for programmed recognition of eyes influenced with glaucoma utilizing picture preparing separating and change strategies and actualize the same on equipment utilizing micro-controller framework. The product that will be created by us could be implanted on the equipment to test the sound and undesirable fundus pictures for the recognition of glaucoma. The calculations that could be created can be actualized wrt the eye pictures in HDL language utilizing Xilinx ISE, MATLAB and MODELSIM, TI based unit or NI based pack (any one) is the equipment apparatus that is considered for execution purposes.
Automated fundus image quality assessment and segmentation of optic disc usin...IJECEIAES
An automated fundus image analysis is used as a tool for the diagnosis of common retinal diseases. A good quality fundus image results in better diagnosis and hence discarding the degraded fundus images at the time of screening itself provides an opportunity to retake the adequate fundus photographs, which save both time and resources. In this paper, we propose a novel fundus image quality assessment (IQA) model using the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the quality of optic disc (OD) visibility. We localize the OD by transfer learning with Inception v-3 model. Precise segmentation of OD is done using the GrabCut algorithm. Contour operations are applied to the segmented OD to approximate it to the nearest circle for finding its center and diameter. For training the model, we are using the publicly available fundus databases and a private hospital database. We have attained excellent classification accuracy for fundus IQA on DRIVE, CHASE-DB, and HRF databases. For the OD segmentation, we have experimented our method on DRINS-DB, DRISHTI-GS, and RIMONE v.3 databases and compared the results with existing state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed method outperforms existing methods for OD segmentation on Jaccard index and F-score metrics.
Binary operation based hard exudate detection and fuzzy based classification ...IJECEIAES
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most considerable reasons for visual impairment. The main objective of this paper is to automatically detect and recognize DR lesions like hard exudates, as it helps in diagnosing and screening of the disease. Here, binary operation based image processing for detecting lesions and fuzzy logic based extraction of hard exudates on diabetic retinal images are discused. In the initial stage, the binary operations are used to identify the exudates. Similarly, the RGB channel space of the DR image is used to create fuzzy sets and membership functions for extracting the exudates. The membership directives obtained from the fuzzy rule set are used to detect the grade of exudates. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, experiment tests are carriedout on various set of images and the results are verified. From the experiment results, the sensitivity obtained is 98.10%, specificity is 96.96% and accuracy is 98.2%. These results suggest that the proposed method could be a diagnostic aid for ophthalmologists in the screening for DR.
C LASSIFICATION O F D IABETES R ETINA I MAGES U SING B LOOD V ESSEL A REASIJCI JOURNAL
Retina images are obtained from the fundus camera a
nd graded by skilled professionals. However there i
s
considerable shortage of expert observers has encou
raged computer assisted monitoring. Evaluation of
blood vessels network plays an important task in a
variety of medical diagnosis. Manifestations of
numerous vascular disorders, such as diabetic retin
opathy, depend on detection of the blood vessels
network. In this work the fundus RGB image is used
for obtaining the traces of blood vessels and areas
of
blood vessels are used for detection of Diabetic Re
tinopathy (DR). The algorithm developed uses
morphological operation to extract blood vessels. M
ainly two steps are used: firstly enhancement opera
tion
is applied to original retina image to remove noise
and increase contrast of retinal blood vessels. Se
condly
morphology operations are used to take out blood ve
ssels. Experiments are conducted on publicly availa
ble
DIARETDB1 database. Experimental results obtained b
y using gray-scale images have been presented.
A Novel Approach for Diabetic Retinopthy ClassificationIJERA Editor
Sustainable Diabetic Mellitus may lead to several complications towards patients. One of the complications is
diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the type of complication towards the retinal and interferes with
patient’s sight. Medical examination toward patients with diabetic retinopathy is observed directly through
retinal images using fundus camera. Diabetic retinopathy is classified into four classes based on severity, which
are: normal, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and
macular edema (ME). The aim of this research is to develop a method which can be used to classify the level of
severity of diabetic retinopathy based on patient’s retinal images. Seven texture features were extracted from
retinal images using gray level co-occurence matrix three dimensional method (3D-GLCM). These features are
maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and entropy; subsequently trained using
Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation Neural Network (LMBP). This study used 600 data of patient’s retinal
images, consist of 450 data retinal images for training and 150 data retinal images for testing. Based on the result
of this test, the method can classify the severity of diabetic retinopathy with sensitivity of 97.37%, specificity of
75% and accuracy of 91.67%
Automatic detection of optic disc and blood vessels from retinal images using...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Iris recognition for personal identification using lamstar neural networkijcsit
One of the promising biometric recognition method is Iris recognition. This is because the iris texture provides many features such as freckles, coronas, stripes, furrows, crypts, etc. Those features are unique for different people and distinguishable. Such unique features in the anatomical structure of the iris make it
possible the differentiation among individuals. So during last year’s huge number of people have been
trying to improve its performance. In this article first different common steps for the Iris recognition system
is explained. Then a special type of neural network is used for recognition part. Experimental results show high accuracy can be obtained especially when the primary steps are done well.
Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease in which the optic nerve head is progressively damaged which leads to loss of
vision. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to preserving sight in people with glaucoma. Current tests using
intraocular pressure (IOP) are not sensitive enough for population based glaucoma screening. Assessment of the
damaged optic nerve head is both more promising, and superior to IOP measurement or visual field testing. This paper
presents superpixel classification based optic disc and optic cup segmentation for glaucoma screening. In optic disc
segmentation, histograms and centre surround statistics are used to classify each superpixel as disc or non-disc. For optic
cup segmentation, in addition to the histograms and centre surround statistics, the location information is also included
into the feature space to boost the performance. The segmented optic disc and optic cup are used to compute the CDR
for glaucoma screening. The Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR) of the color retinal fundus camera image is the primary identifier
to confirm Glaucoma given patient.
Keywords — IOP measurement, optic cup segmentation, optic disc segmentation, CDR.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Eye sight determination on tablet based hand held device with image processin...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Glaucoma Screening Test By Segmentation of Optical Disc& Cup Segmentation Usi...IJERA Editor
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness and it is becoming even more important considering
the ageing society. Because healing of died retinal nerve fibers is not possible early detection and prevention is
essential. Robust, automated mass-screening will help to extend the symptom-free life of affected patients. We
devised a novel, automated, appearance based glaucoma classification system that does not depend on
segmentation based measurements. Our purely data-driven approach is applicable in large-scale screening
examinations. The proposed segmentation methods have been evaluated in a database of 650 images with optic
disc and optic cup boundaries manually marked by trained professionals. Our expected Experimental results
may be average overlapping error of 9.5% and 24.1% in optic disc and optic cup segmentation, respectively.
An Approach for the Detection of Vascular Abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathyijdmtaiir
Diabetic Retinopathy is a common complication of
diabetes that is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the
retina. The blood vessels in the retina get altered. Exudates are
secreted, micro-aneurysms and hemorrhages occur in the
retina. The appearance of these features represents the degree
of severity of the disease. In this paper the proposed approach
detects the presence of abnormalities in the retina using image
processing techniques by applying morphological processing
techniques to the fundus images to extract features such as
blood vessels, micro aneurysms and exudates. These features
are used for the detection of severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.
It can quickly process a large number of fundus images
obtained from mass screening to help reduce the cost, increase
productivity and efficiency for ophthalmologists.
Development of novel BMIP algorithms for human eyes affected with glaucoma an...Premier Publishers
Glaucoma is one of the second driving eye maladies on the planet, if not treated legitimately may prompt lasting visual impairment. There are no particular side effects when the glaucoma disease is considered, especially for this type of eye disease, the effect of which is the vision loss in the human eyes. Because of measuring, the container zone increments, which will result in the vision impairment in the human eyes. Normally exceptionally prepared opthalmogists physically review eye pictures as tedious way. In this unique circumstance, we are attempting to build up some novel calculations for programmed recognition of eyes influenced with glaucoma utilizing picture preparing separating and change strategies and actualize the same on equipment utilizing micro-controller framework. The product that will be created by us could be implanted on the equipment to test the sound and undesirable fundus pictures for the recognition of glaucoma. The calculations that could be created can be actualized wrt the eye pictures in HDL language utilizing Xilinx ISE, MATLAB and MODELSIM, TI based unit or NI based pack (any one) is the equipment apparatus that is considered for execution purposes.
Automated fundus image quality assessment and segmentation of optic disc usin...IJECEIAES
An automated fundus image analysis is used as a tool for the diagnosis of common retinal diseases. A good quality fundus image results in better diagnosis and hence discarding the degraded fundus images at the time of screening itself provides an opportunity to retake the adequate fundus photographs, which save both time and resources. In this paper, we propose a novel fundus image quality assessment (IQA) model using the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the quality of optic disc (OD) visibility. We localize the OD by transfer learning with Inception v-3 model. Precise segmentation of OD is done using the GrabCut algorithm. Contour operations are applied to the segmented OD to approximate it to the nearest circle for finding its center and diameter. For training the model, we are using the publicly available fundus databases and a private hospital database. We have attained excellent classification accuracy for fundus IQA on DRIVE, CHASE-DB, and HRF databases. For the OD segmentation, we have experimented our method on DRINS-DB, DRISHTI-GS, and RIMONE v.3 databases and compared the results with existing state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed method outperforms existing methods for OD segmentation on Jaccard index and F-score metrics.
Binary operation based hard exudate detection and fuzzy based classification ...IJECEIAES
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most considerable reasons for visual impairment. The main objective of this paper is to automatically detect and recognize DR lesions like hard exudates, as it helps in diagnosing and screening of the disease. Here, binary operation based image processing for detecting lesions and fuzzy logic based extraction of hard exudates on diabetic retinal images are discused. In the initial stage, the binary operations are used to identify the exudates. Similarly, the RGB channel space of the DR image is used to create fuzzy sets and membership functions for extracting the exudates. The membership directives obtained from the fuzzy rule set are used to detect the grade of exudates. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, experiment tests are carriedout on various set of images and the results are verified. From the experiment results, the sensitivity obtained is 98.10%, specificity is 96.96% and accuracy is 98.2%. These results suggest that the proposed method could be a diagnostic aid for ophthalmologists in the screening for DR.
C LASSIFICATION O F D IABETES R ETINA I MAGES U SING B LOOD V ESSEL A REASIJCI JOURNAL
Retina images are obtained from the fundus camera a
nd graded by skilled professionals. However there i
s
considerable shortage of expert observers has encou
raged computer assisted monitoring. Evaluation of
blood vessels network plays an important task in a
variety of medical diagnosis. Manifestations of
numerous vascular disorders, such as diabetic retin
opathy, depend on detection of the blood vessels
network. In this work the fundus RGB image is used
for obtaining the traces of blood vessels and areas
of
blood vessels are used for detection of Diabetic Re
tinopathy (DR). The algorithm developed uses
morphological operation to extract blood vessels. M
ainly two steps are used: firstly enhancement opera
tion
is applied to original retina image to remove noise
and increase contrast of retinal blood vessels. Se
condly
morphology operations are used to take out blood ve
ssels. Experiments are conducted on publicly availa
ble
DIARETDB1 database. Experimental results obtained b
y using gray-scale images have been presented.
A Novel Approach for Diabetic Retinopthy ClassificationIJERA Editor
Sustainable Diabetic Mellitus may lead to several complications towards patients. One of the complications is
diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the type of complication towards the retinal and interferes with
patient’s sight. Medical examination toward patients with diabetic retinopathy is observed directly through
retinal images using fundus camera. Diabetic retinopathy is classified into four classes based on severity, which
are: normal, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and
macular edema (ME). The aim of this research is to develop a method which can be used to classify the level of
severity of diabetic retinopathy based on patient’s retinal images. Seven texture features were extracted from
retinal images using gray level co-occurence matrix three dimensional method (3D-GLCM). These features are
maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and entropy; subsequently trained using
Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation Neural Network (LMBP). This study used 600 data of patient’s retinal
images, consist of 450 data retinal images for training and 150 data retinal images for testing. Based on the result
of this test, the method can classify the severity of diabetic retinopathy with sensitivity of 97.37%, specificity of
75% and accuracy of 91.67%
Automatic detection of optic disc and blood vessels from retinal images using...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
GLAUCOMA is a chronic eye disease that can damage optic nerve. According to WHO It
is the second leading cause of blindness, and is predicted to affect around 80 million people by 2020.
Development of the disease leads to loss of vision, which occurs increasingly over a long period of
time. As the symptoms only occur when the disease is quite advanced so that glaucoma is called the
silent thief of sight. Glaucoma cannot be cured, but its development can be slowed down by
treatment. Therefore, detecting glaucoma in time is critical. However, many glaucoma patients are
unaware of the disease until it has reached its advanced stage. In this paper, some manual and
automatic methods are discussed to detect glaucoma. Manual analysis of the eye is time consuming
and the accuracy of the parameter measurements also varies with different clinicians. To overcome
these problems with manual analysis, the objective of this survey is to introduce a method to
automatically analyze the ultrasound images of the eye. Automatic analysis of this disease is much
more effective than manual analysis.
IRIS BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM EMPLOYING CANNY OPERATORcsitconf
Biometrics has become important in security applications. In comparison with many other
biometric features, iris recognition has very high recognition accuracy because it depends on
iris which is located in a place that still stable throughout human life and the probability to find
two identical iris's is close to zero. The identification system consists of several stages including
segmentation stage which is the most serious and critical one. The current segmentation
methods still have limitation in localizing the iris due to circular shape consideration of the
pupil. In this research, Daugman method is done to investigate the segmentation techniques.
Eyelid detection is another step that has been included in this study as a part of segmentation
stage to localize the iris accurately and remove unwanted area that might be included. The
obtained iris region is encoded using haar wavelets to construct the iris code, which contains
the most discriminating feature in the iris pattern. Hamming distance is used for comparison of
iris templates in the recognition stage. The dataset which is used for the study is UBIRIS
database. A comparative study of different edge detector operator is performed. It is observed
that canny operator is best suited to extract most of the edges to generate the iris code for
comparison. Recognition rate of 89% and rejection rate of 95% is achieved.
IRIS BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM EMPLOYING CANNY OPERATORcscpconf
Biometrics has become important in security applications. In comparison with many other biometric features, iris recognition has very high recognition accuracy because it depends on
iris which is located in a place that still stable throughout human life and the probability to find two identical iris's is close to zero. The identification system consists of several stages including
segmentation stage which is the most serious and critical one. The current segmentation methods still have limitation in localizing the iris due to circular shape consideration of the
pupil. In this research, Daugman method is done to investigate the segmentation techniques. Eyelid detection is another step that has been included in this study as a part of segmentation
stage to localize the iris accurately and remove unwanted area that might be included. The obtained iris region is encoded using haar wavelets to construct the iris code, which contains
the most discriminating feature in the iris pattern. Hamming distance is used for comparison of iris templates in the recognition stage. The dataset which is used for the study is UBIRIS database. A comparative study of different edge detector operator is performed. It is observed that canny operator is best suited to extract most of the edges to generate the iris code for comparison. Recognition rate of 89% and rejection rate of 95% is achieved.
In this project, we propose a new novel DNN-based automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy. In deep neural networks are used for classify the images that indicate diabetic retinopathy. The main aim of this project is to find the suitable way to detect the problems and classify them. We propose an deep neural network (RBFNN) classifier gives high precision in grouping of these disease through spatial examination. The RBFNN classifier does not require an large training time, therefore the model production can be expedited. We further find from our data set of 80,000 images used in our proposed RBFNN achieves a sensitivity of 95% and an accuracy of 75% on 5000 validation images. The fuzzy c means clustering is used to store the information as the processed images in this project . Finally, the proposed system is developed using matlab simulation.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers