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This document discusses factors that cause increases in overhead costs in the Indian construction industry. It aims to identify the main factors through a literature review and expert opinions. A prediction model will then be developed using regression analysis to help construction firms assess overhead costs as a percentage of total project costs. The factors identified from previous studies and expert questionnaires will be analyzed for their impact on overhead costs. Real construction project data from various Indian companies will also be collected and analyzed to inform the model. The goal is to improve cost estimation accuracy and help firms bid competitively while reducing unexpected costs.
IRJET- Building Construction: Before & After GSTIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation on the construction industry in India. It summarizes the methodology used, which involved studying an existing construction project in detail to compare the pre-GST and post-GST costs. The analysis found that material tax rates changed for many items, with some increasing slightly and others decreasing significantly up to 22%. Labor rates also increased by 3% under GST. Despite this, the overall project cost was found to decrease by up to 1.2% after accounting for GST, and with input tax credit the savings could be even greater. Therefore, the study concludes that GST has had a positive effect on costs in the construction sector.
IRJET-Identification of Factors Influencing Equipment Productivity in Constru...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that aimed to identify factors influencing equipment productivity in construction projects. A literature review was conducted to understand previous research on this topic. A questionnaire survey of 20 construction organizations was also carried out to collect data on factors affecting equipment productivity. The responses were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index method. The results showed that the major factor affecting equipment productivity is the lack of operator ability due to issues related to the operator/human. The study provides recommendations to improve equipment productivity in the construction industry.
The document provides information on cost estimation techniques for software projects. It discusses how complexity, size, efforts, and time relate to each other in cost models. Size is typically measured in thousands of lines of code (KSLOC). Efforts are estimated by multiplying KSLOC by a productivity factor. For larger projects, a size penalty factor is included. Function point analysis is an alternative to estimating directly from KSLOC by evaluating inputs, outputs, interfaces, and files.
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This document discusses cost control methods used in construction projects. It begins by defining cost control as the process of measuring and collecting cost records and comparing actual progress to plans in order to maximize profit within a designated period while maintaining work quality. It then describes several cost control processes used including identifying cost-influencing factors, mitigation strategies, data collection, and providing recommendations to contractors. The objectives of materials management in cost control are to minimize costs, ensure quality materials are available when needed, reduce inventory levels, and efficiently purchase, handle, and store materials. Effective cost control requires timely responses to cost data in order to take corrective actions.
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The goal of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of GDP in Thailand from the past years and provide suggestions for government and policy-makers on ways to manage inputs and improve outputs in the future while enhancing the GDP of Thailand. The paper analyzed the data collected from Office of the National Economic and Social Development of Thailand through a period of 25 years ranging from 1993 to 2017. The results show that the year 2017 was the worst years in terms of efficiency. In order to achieve the research goal, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used. Theoretically, research has found that evaluation of GDP can be improved by eradicating the negative values of slack movement. In economic terms, the research proposed the promotion of export-led growth, business incubators, and entrepreneurship to boost not only the inputs but also the GPD of the country. In general, the GDP of Thailand is quite efficient. This research can provide strategic advice for Thai Government to improve the Gross Domestic Product thoroughly
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to develop an empirical assessment model to measure the impact of e-government services on the private sector. It begins by reviewing previous literature on e-government evaluation frameworks. It then proposes a new assessment model that combines the Technology Acceptance Model, DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model, and the e-Government Economics Project framework. The document describes the methodology, including a survey to private sector organizations. It presents preliminary results from analyzing 174 survey responses, including descriptive statistics of respondents. The goal is to help governments better understand how to maximize returns on e-government investments and their impact on the private sector.
The document provides a strategic analysis of ABC Electric conducted by Wang Wei. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of strategic analysis for electric companies in China. It then outlines ABC Electric's challenges, including declining sales growth and profitability. The objective is to use tools like PESTEL, Five Forces, value chain analysis and benchmarking to analyze ABC's external and internal environment, identify strengths/weaknesses, and provide recommendations. External analysis finds the industry is in shake-out with increasing grid complexity. Internal analysis shows ABC has strengths in brand and R&D but lags in profitability. A SWOT analysis identifies opportunities in policies and demand but also threats from the economy and competition. Strategic recommendations include technological innovation,
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This document discusses factors that cause increases in overhead costs in the Indian construction industry. It aims to identify the main factors through a literature review and expert opinions. A prediction model will then be developed using regression analysis to help construction firms assess overhead costs as a percentage of total project costs. The factors identified from previous studies and expert questionnaires will be analyzed for their impact on overhead costs. Real construction project data from various Indian companies will also be collected and analyzed to inform the model. The goal is to improve cost estimation accuracy and help firms bid competitively while reducing unexpected costs.
IRJET- Building Construction: Before & After GSTIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation on the construction industry in India. It summarizes the methodology used, which involved studying an existing construction project in detail to compare the pre-GST and post-GST costs. The analysis found that material tax rates changed for many items, with some increasing slightly and others decreasing significantly up to 22%. Labor rates also increased by 3% under GST. Despite this, the overall project cost was found to decrease by up to 1.2% after accounting for GST, and with input tax credit the savings could be even greater. Therefore, the study concludes that GST has had a positive effect on costs in the construction sector.
IRJET-Identification of Factors Influencing Equipment Productivity in Constru...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that aimed to identify factors influencing equipment productivity in construction projects. A literature review was conducted to understand previous research on this topic. A questionnaire survey of 20 construction organizations was also carried out to collect data on factors affecting equipment productivity. The responses were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index method. The results showed that the major factor affecting equipment productivity is the lack of operator ability due to issues related to the operator/human. The study provides recommendations to improve equipment productivity in the construction industry.
The document provides information on cost estimation techniques for software projects. It discusses how complexity, size, efforts, and time relate to each other in cost models. Size is typically measured in thousands of lines of code (KSLOC). Efforts are estimated by multiplying KSLOC by a productivity factor. For larger projects, a size penalty factor is included. Function point analysis is an alternative to estimating directly from KSLOC by evaluating inputs, outputs, interfaces, and files.
IRJET- Cost Control Methods used in Construction ProjectsIRJET Journal
This document discusses cost control methods used in construction projects. It begins by defining cost control as the process of measuring and collecting cost records and comparing actual progress to plans in order to maximize profit within a designated period while maintaining work quality. It then describes several cost control processes used including identifying cost-influencing factors, mitigation strategies, data collection, and providing recommendations to contractors. The objectives of materials management in cost control are to minimize costs, ensure quality materials are available when needed, reduce inventory levels, and efficiently purchase, handle, and store materials. Effective cost control requires timely responses to cost data in order to take corrective actions.
Efficiency Evaluation of Thailand Gross Domestic Product Using DEAIJMREMJournal
The goal of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of GDP in Thailand from the past years and provide suggestions for government and policy-makers on ways to manage inputs and improve outputs in the future while enhancing the GDP of Thailand. The paper analyzed the data collected from Office of the National Economic and Social Development of Thailand through a period of 25 years ranging from 1993 to 2017. The results show that the year 2017 was the worst years in terms of efficiency. In order to achieve the research goal, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used. Theoretically, research has found that evaluation of GDP can be improved by eradicating the negative values of slack movement. In economic terms, the research proposed the promotion of export-led growth, business incubators, and entrepreneurship to boost not only the inputs but also the GPD of the country. In general, the GDP of Thailand is quite efficient. This research can provide strategic advice for Thai Government to improve the Gross Domestic Product thoroughly
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to develop an empirical assessment model to measure the impact of e-government services on the private sector. It begins by reviewing previous literature on e-government evaluation frameworks. It then proposes a new assessment model that combines the Technology Acceptance Model, DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model, and the e-Government Economics Project framework. The document describes the methodology, including a survey to private sector organizations. It presents preliminary results from analyzing 174 survey responses, including descriptive statistics of respondents. The goal is to help governments better understand how to maximize returns on e-government investments and their impact on the private sector.
The document provides a strategic analysis of ABC Electric conducted by Wang Wei. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of strategic analysis for electric companies in China. It then outlines ABC Electric's challenges, including declining sales growth and profitability. The objective is to use tools like PESTEL, Five Forces, value chain analysis and benchmarking to analyze ABC's external and internal environment, identify strengths/weaknesses, and provide recommendations. External analysis finds the industry is in shake-out with increasing grid complexity. Internal analysis shows ABC has strengths in brand and R&D but lags in profitability. A SWOT analysis identifies opportunities in policies and demand but also threats from the economy and competition. Strategic recommendations include technological innovation,
IRJET- The Study on Evaluation of Cost Escalation in Infrastructure Proje...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on evaluating cost escalation in infrastructure projects and provisions to manage it. The study uses regression modeling to calculate cost escalation over time for infrastructure projects in India. It analyzes factors that influence increased project costs such as delays, weather, material price fluctuations, and scope changes. The regression model predicts escalated costs for the next three years based on historical data. The study aims to help project planners and investors forecast cost escalation to improve budgeting and management of long-term infrastructure projects.
IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS CAUSING TIME AND COST OVERRUN IN CONSTRUCTION PROJE...IRJET Journal
The document discusses factors that cause time and cost overruns in construction projects in India. It begins by providing background on issues in the Indian construction industry related to delays and budget overruns. It then describes the methodology used in the study, which involved developing a questionnaire to survey project stakeholders on factors contributing to overruns. The results of the survey are analyzed to determine the most important factors. The top factors identified through a relative important index analysis include materials management issues, site conditions, inefficient works, contractor financial problems, and equipment/machinery challenges. In conclusion, the study aims to help construction managers avoid delays and overruns by understanding and managing the key risk factors.
IRJET- Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance i...IRJET Journal
This document discusses rework factors that affect cost and schedule performance in construction projects. It aims to identify the main rework factors and calculate total rework costs. The research involved a questionnaire survey to analyze data from infrastructure projects. Four main rework factor groups were identified: design-related, client-related, contractor-related, and external environment factors. Analytical hierarchy process was used to rank the factors by importance. Total rework cost was calculated probabilistically based on factor weightings and costs of critical construction activities. The findings provide insight into how to reduce rework costs by addressing the most influential factors.
IRJET- Factor Analysis of the Significant Drivers Causing Cost Variation in B...IRJET Journal
This document discusses cost variation in building construction projects in Tanzania. It identifies 48 drivers that can cause costs to vary from initial budgets and contract amounts. Through factor analysis, these 48 drivers are reduced to 19 significant drivers. The 19 drivers are then grouped into 5 categories based on common factors: 1) designer related drivers, 2) building element drivers, 3) process stage drivers, 4) general drivers, and 5) human/external drivers. The first four drivers in the designer category have high loadings, indicating they are major contributors to cost variation. Financial condition of the owner has the highest loading in the building element category. Unforeseeable ground conditions has a high loading in the process stage category. Therefore, the 5
IRJET- Review on Study of Factors Affecting Quality of Construction ProjectIRJET Journal
This study aims to identify factors that affect the quality of construction projects and rank them by importance in order to provide guidance to project managers, clients, designers, and contractors on better managing quality. Key factors identified that influence quality include design, communication, conforming to codes and standards, management support, materials, equipment, interactions among project participants, work execution, and on-site supervision. Understanding these quality factors can help construction projects reduce defects and rework to improve quality and customer satisfaction.
IRJET- Influence of Stakeholders on Project Time OverrunIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a case study conducted on the Kochi Metro project in India. The study analyzed external stakeholders to understand their influence on project time overruns. Key findings include:
1) External stakeholders were categorized into four groups and questionnaires were used to understand factors impacting project time from each group's perspective.
2) A Pareto analysis identified that 20% of factors caused 80% of delays. The analysis also indicated which stakeholder groups most influenced the project schedule.
3) An impact/probability matrix was used to assess each group's level of impact and probability of impact. This identified which stakeholders were most likely to significantly impact the project.
4) The main causes of clashes
This document discusses a feasibility study for developing a web application to help assess and support early speech, language, and hearing development in children. It analyzes the economic, technical, social, time and resource, operational, behavioral, and schedule feasibility of the proposed system. The study finds that developing the system is feasible within budget constraints and has technical requirements that can be met. Users would likely accept the system with proper training. It could increase efficiency and customer satisfaction while being simple to use and maintain. Some changes may be needed within the organization but the project schedule is reasonable.
IRJET - Forecasting and Management of Triple Constraints in Construction proj...IRJET Journal
This document discusses forecasting and managing the triple constraints (scope, time, and cost) in construction projects. It identifies several factors that can impact the triple constraints, such as design errors, financial management issues, communication problems, material and equipment costs and availability, human resources, and more. The study aims to forecast costs of key resources (labor, materials, equipment) over the project lifecycle in order to enhance project performance and better manage the triple constraints. A survey was conducted of industry experts to identify the most influential factors, and statistical analysis was used to analyze the data and forecast future resource costs and their impacts at different project stages.
Developing the Tool for Vendor Selection in Power Sector using Cost of QualityIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing a tool for vendor selection in the power sector using cost of quality analysis. It presents a case study of Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd., which aims to integrate supplier historical quality performance data into future supplier selections. The researchers conducted interviews and analyzed documentation to identify key cost drivers related to quality issues. They developed a supplier quality performance tool that calculates total cost of quality for suppliers based on specific cost drivers. This total cost is then added to the purchase price to evaluate suppliers. The case study focuses on distribution transformer rejections and failures at Tata Power, estimating related quality costs. The goal is to help the company make more informed supplier selections factoring in total cost of quality.
Developing the Tool for Vendor Selection in Power Sector using Cost of QualityIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing a tool for vendor selection in the power sector using cost of quality analysis. It presents a case study of Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd., which aims to integrate supplier historical quality performance data into future supplier selections. The researchers conducted interviews and analyzed documentation to identify key cost drivers related to quality issues. They developed a supplier quality performance tool that calculates total cost of quality for suppliers based on specific cost drivers. This total cost is then added to the purchase price to evaluate suppliers. The case study focuses on distribution transformer rejections and failures at Tata Power, estimating related quality costs. The goal is to help the company make more informed supplier selections factoring in total cost of quality.
IRJET-Survey on Effects of Productivity of Equipment in Construction ProjectsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effects of equipment productivity in construction projects. The study aimed to identify key factors influencing equipment productivity and their impacts on projects. A literature review identified six main effects: cost overrun, delay, disputes, loss of equipment productivity, equipment accidents, and work suspensions. Questionnaires were distributed to construction professionals who rated each effect. The relative importance index method was used to analyze the data and rank the effects. Delay was found to be the most important effect, followed by cost overrun and disputes. The findings provide insight into improving equipment productivity and minimizing impacts on construction projects.
IRJET- Identification of Critical Factors Affecting Infrastructure Projec...IRJET Journal
This document identifies and analyzes critical factors affecting the performance of infrastructure projects in India. It conducted a literature review to identify potential factors and designed a survey questionnaire to collect data from construction professionals. The survey found that cost overruns, delays in work completion, and improper project planning were the most important factors negatively impacting infrastructure project performance in India. The study aims to help improve infrastructure project outcomes by better understanding the key dependencies and bottlenecks.
Success factors enhancing business performance of engineering procurementIAEME Publication
The document discusses success factors for engineering procurement construction (EPC) projects. It analyzes responses from a questionnaire distributed to EPC industry professionals.
Key findings include:
1. Important factors for monitoring project progress include well-defined tasks/responsibilities, control procedures, and feedback.
2. Key factors for declaring a project successful are completing on schedule/budget, meeting client needs/objectives, and being profitable.
3. Factors that enhance project success are accurate initial estimates, strong project teams, adequate funding, and monitoring/control techniques.
Success factors enhancing business performance of engineering procurement c...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on success factors that enhance business performance for engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) industries. The paper studies various factors that affect construction project performance and success, including completing projects on time and within budget. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to collect data on EPC industry operations from companies, consultants, owners, and project managers. The data was analyzed to identify variables and factors involved in successful EPC industry business operations and construction project execution. These include effective project planning, management tools, control procedures, and addressing risks to optimize complex project functions from conception to completion.
IRJET- Forecast Modelling and Performance Load Volume Analytic Techniques of ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for forecasting workload volumes and building performance workload models (WLMs) for application testing. It describes several forecasting methods like moving average, incremental percentage and ARMA/ARIMAX that incorporate independent variables. The key steps to build a WLM are identified, including understanding the application, scenarios, test data and distributing loads. The importance of using forecasted volumes from multiple techniques to simulate realistic production loads is emphasized. Building accurate WLMs is important for performance testing to emulate real-world usage patterns and avoid failures.
IRJET- Analysis of Change Order in Road Construction ProjectsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the causes and effects of change orders in road construction projects in Kerala, India. It identifies the most influential causes of change orders based on a survey of contractors, consultants, and clients. The top causes are difficulties with land acquisition and delays in site handover. The most significant effects are cost overruns and delays in project completion schedules. Remedial measures are suggested to help construction professionals mitigate the impacts of change orders.
Analysis of Cost Variation between Estimated Cost and Actual Cost of Resident...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the causes of cost variation between estimated and actual costs for residential building projects in India. A questionnaire was distributed to architects, contractors, and builders to identify the key factors contributing to cost overruns. 36 potential causes were identified and categorized. The responses were analyzed using relative important index (RII) calculations to rank the factors. The top four causes of cost variation were found to be liquidity of the organization, site characteristics, taxes and interest rates, and predetermined underestimations of costs in initial estimates. Identifying these key factors can help reduce cost overruns in future construction projects.
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Time Factor in the Utilization ProcessIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing time factors in manufacturing processes. It discusses collecting production data through standard and advanced methods. The standard method involves collecting data on cutting speeds, times, and overheads. The advanced method provides more details on approach, over-run, face width, and hob travel to calculate theoretical and actual processing times. Comparing theoretical and actual times can help identify non-value-adding activities to improve efficiency. The study aims to track actual times to eliminate discrepancies and support better decision making.
This document discusses predicting real estate prices using machine learning algorithms. It first provides background on the importance of accurately predicting housing prices. It then describes collecting real estate data and analyzing it to gain insights. Various machine learning regression algorithms (linear regression, decision tree regression, gradient boosting, random forest regression) are applied to the data and their results are compared to determine the most accurate algorithm. Visualizations of the data are also created to understand correlations between attributes. The experimental results show the predicted output after entering property inputs into the selected algorithm. In conclusion, a flexible real estate price prediction solution is presented and different technologies are evaluated for feasibility.
Evaluation of Factors Causing Conflicts & Dispute in Construction Projects by...IRJET Journal
This document discusses factors that cause conflicts and disputes in construction projects. 30 factors were identified from literature and classified into 5 categories: owner related, contractor related, consultant related, third party and human behavior related, and design and contract related. The factors were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and important index (IMPI) methods to determine their relative importance. AHP was used to rank the main categories and factors within each category. IMPI calculated an importance index for each factor based on frequency and severity to determine an overall ranking of all 30 factors. Double meaning in documents was found to be the most important factor, while failure of participant to adjust promptly with changes and people protest/interruption were among the least important.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document analyzes the causes of cost variation between estimated and actual costs for residential building projects in India. A questionnaire was distributed to architects, contractors, and builders to identify the key factors contributing to cost overruns. 36 potential causes were identified and categorized. The responses were analyzed using relative important index (RII) calculations to rank the factors. The top four causes of cost variation were found to be liquidity of the organization, site characteristics, taxes and interest rates, and predetermined underestimations of costs in initial estimates. Identifying these key factors can help reduce cost overruns in future construction projects.
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Time Factor in the Utilization ProcessIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing time factors in manufacturing processes. It discusses collecting production data through standard and advanced methods. The standard method involves collecting data on cutting speeds, times, and overheads. The advanced method provides more details on approach, over-run, face width, and hob travel to calculate theoretical and actual processing times. Comparing theoretical and actual times can help identify non-value-adding activities to improve efficiency. The study aims to track actual times to eliminate discrepancies and support better decision making.
This document discusses predicting real estate prices using machine learning algorithms. It first provides background on the importance of accurately predicting housing prices. It then describes collecting real estate data and analyzing it to gain insights. Various machine learning regression algorithms (linear regression, decision tree regression, gradient boosting, random forest regression) are applied to the data and their results are compared to determine the most accurate algorithm. Visualizations of the data are also created to understand correlations between attributes. The experimental results show the predicted output after entering property inputs into the selected algorithm. In conclusion, a flexible real estate price prediction solution is presented and different technologies are evaluated for feasibility.
Evaluation of Factors Causing Conflicts & Dispute in Construction Projects by...IRJET Journal
This document discusses factors that cause conflicts and disputes in construction projects. 30 factors were identified from literature and classified into 5 categories: owner related, contractor related, consultant related, third party and human behavior related, and design and contract related. The factors were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and important index (IMPI) methods to determine their relative importance. AHP was used to rank the main categories and factors within each category. IMPI calculated an importance index for each factor based on frequency and severity to determine an overall ranking of all 30 factors. Double meaning in documents was found to be the most important factor, while failure of participant to adjust promptly with changes and people protest/interruption were among the least important.
Similar to IRJET- Impact of Demonetisation and Gst on Construction Industry (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.