This document summarizes a research paper that aims to develop an empirical assessment model to measure the impact of e-government services on the private sector. It begins by reviewing previous literature on e-government evaluation frameworks. It then proposes a new assessment model that combines the Technology Acceptance Model, DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model, and the e-Government Economics Project framework. The document describes the methodology, including a survey to private sector organizations. It presents preliminary results from analyzing 174 survey responses, including descriptive statistics of respondents. The goal is to help governments better understand how to maximize returns on e-government investments and their impact on the private sector.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
Six Data Architecture and IT Infrastructure Governance Mandates for Multinati...Cognizant
Banking and financial services institutions operating in multiple countries and executing digital transformation programs can leverage the principles of BCBS 239 to standardize and stabilize their IT infrastructure and related data architecture processes to realize digital business value across their geographic footprint.
This paper presents a project management methodology - developed part of an engineering doctorate research at Warwick University - for managing large scale IT projects with a focus on national ID programmes. The methodology was mainly tested in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and was followed in three GCC countries. The research demonstrated that by following a formal structured methodology, governments will have better visibility and control over such programmes. The implementation revealed that the phases and processes of the proposed methodology supported the overall management, planning, control over the project activities, promoted effective communication, improved scope and risk management, and ensured quality deliverables.
IT Capital Planning: Enterprise Architecture and Exhibit 300 processes for th...Chris Furton
This paper explores two of the topics relating to IT Capital Planning and compares those processes in place at two federal agencies. The Enterprise Architecture and the Exhibit 300 business cases are reviewed from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The findings are that both agencies have programs in place to address Enterprise Architecture and the Exhibit 300, however, the amount of information made public varies resulting in inadequately level grounds for comparing and contrasting. Regardless, this paper explores the agencies’ programs highlighting the positive aspects and the growth opportunities of each while evaluating the overall IT Capital Planning posture.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
Six Data Architecture and IT Infrastructure Governance Mandates for Multinati...Cognizant
Banking and financial services institutions operating in multiple countries and executing digital transformation programs can leverage the principles of BCBS 239 to standardize and stabilize their IT infrastructure and related data architecture processes to realize digital business value across their geographic footprint.
This paper presents a project management methodology - developed part of an engineering doctorate research at Warwick University - for managing large scale IT projects with a focus on national ID programmes. The methodology was mainly tested in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and was followed in three GCC countries. The research demonstrated that by following a formal structured methodology, governments will have better visibility and control over such programmes. The implementation revealed that the phases and processes of the proposed methodology supported the overall management, planning, control over the project activities, promoted effective communication, improved scope and risk management, and ensured quality deliverables.
IT Capital Planning: Enterprise Architecture and Exhibit 300 processes for th...Chris Furton
This paper explores two of the topics relating to IT Capital Planning and compares those processes in place at two federal agencies. The Enterprise Architecture and the Exhibit 300 business cases are reviewed from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The findings are that both agencies have programs in place to address Enterprise Architecture and the Exhibit 300, however, the amount of information made public varies resulting in inadequately level grounds for comparing and contrasting. Regardless, this paper explores the agencies’ programs highlighting the positive aspects and the growth opportunities of each while evaluating the overall IT Capital Planning posture.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government. However, projects of such scale and complexity, faces numerous roadblocks which eventually hamper its potential to deliver the intended benefits to the citizens. The success of these programmes calls for strategic direction, policy making and greater coordination among multiple agencies, following a uniform approach in achieving the vision. This necessitates a strategic framework comprehensive enough to visualize and enable the leaders in addressing the potential roadblocks or resistance. This report presents the outcome of a research to define a strategic framework that models the opposing and propelling forces dormant during a project time. This would help the strategic decision makers to visualize each project as a whole and take quick decisions in the areas that need additional thrust, to ensure that the initiatives achieve the envisaged goals.
Analyzing E-Government Development in Kudus Local Government Using SWOT AnalysisEdhie Wibowo
E-government is an important tool for public sector transformation and a force for effective governance, and the Government of Indonesia has been trying to utilize the advances of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the public. This research tries to analyze the e-government developments in Kudus Local Government to find the strength and weakness within the organization, as well as the opportunity and threat outside the organization.Using qualitative analysis method, a field research has been done in Kudus Local Government. All findings then analyzed to find the best using SWOT Analysis.The result of this research shows us, that e-government development in Kudus Local Government could be improved in the future by using the precise analysis in the development process to create the best strategic plans based on the analysis and could be used as an insight to develop a new system more effective and efficient in the future.
This infographic outlines five recommendations for successful agency reform implementation. Booz Allen’s work with FedScoop has resulted in a Government Reform Study (available here: bit.ly/1y9jZgE). The study reveals that reform is necessary and welcomed by senior decision-makers in government and the private sector, but implementing reform is often met with challenges. The study highlights five key recommendations around ways senior decision-makers can navigate the complexities of reform.
Significance and Application of Computer-Based Forecasting to Governance and ...Editor IJCATR
Forecast results, products and applications are crucial in different sectors of a nations’s economy. Areas such as health, social, political, commerce and infact overall economy require the use of forecast techniques; but, success in governance and leadership seem to depend majorly on proper use of efficient forecasting techniques. This study focuses on the significance and application of computer-based forecasting in governance and leadership generally. The research being a descriptive type uses data from primary sources (observation, oral interview) and secondary sources (online publication) to locate, collect, analyze and summarize opinions on the significance and applications of computer-based forecasts to governance and leadership concerns. The work revealed that poor forecasting in governance leads to uninformed decision making manifested in poor service delivery, high project cost, insuficient amenities and overall below average performance of leadership. The effect of this on stakeholders is enormous. Tax-payers face untold hardship and lack of basic amenities. Governments waste resources on wrongly chosen projects and communities loss confidence and interest in the government. Consequently, the governance becomes unpopular and leadership fails. The application of computer-based forecasting provides a solution to these economic ills.
Booz Allen Hamilton uses its Cloud Analytics Reference Architecture to build technology infrastructures that can withstand the weight of massive datasets – and deliver the deep insights organizations need to drive innovation.
CRESUS: A TOOL TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION THROUGH ENHA...cscpconf
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a simulation of the IT infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings, the innovative CRESUS tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent CRESUS both aids communication in the development of a shared understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and associated IT infrastructural, change. This paper presents promising results that show how such a tool can facilitate collaborative requirements elicitation through increased communication around organisational change and the IT infrastructure.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT USING TAM MODEL: CASE OF EGYPTIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
Assessing the adoption of e government using tam model case of egyptIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS IN CLOUD ADOPTION: A CASE STUDY OF...ijmpict
This research explores critical aspects of procurement of ICT cloud services for South Australian public sector organisations with the case of South Australia Police (SAPOL) for evaluation. SAPOL as one of the state government agencies at the time is initiating this transition to the cloud environment. This exploratory research takes place when this public sector agency is doing its due diligence to ensure a successful implementation. In this study the researcher started off with surfacing the challenges in this journey for a public sector organisation before the actual journey commenced. SAPOL being a public sector organisation operates differently from private enterprises and has certain constraints and limitations that pose additional challenges for the organisation to transition towards the cloud. Interview with the CIO of the organisation responsible for the cloud migration initiative was organised. After detailed literature review, an interview questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the subject of interest. The information gathered in the interviews was recorded for detailed analysis. This paper contains a detailed report on the information analysed highlighting fourteen important challenges faced by the organisation in this cloud migration journey.
Hivos, a Dutch development organization, in cooperation with IDRC, Adept Systems and Triodos Facet, is pleased to invite you to a seminar on open source Management Information Systems and ICT trends in Microfinance, on 25th and 26th November 2010 in Tanzania.
Speaker: Michael Wakahe, Director, Shujaa Solutions Ltd
Date: 25th - 26th Nov 2010
Venue: Protea Court Yard Hotel, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
THE BARRIERS OF E-GOVERNMENT SUCCESS:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM JORDANijmpict
This paper discussed the E-governmentsuccess barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure ofE-governmentsuccess. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-governmentquality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLSstructural equation modeling (SEM)has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisionede-services are less than expectationsof stakeholders.We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-governmentperformance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction.The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found thatlow system quality led to low service quality directly.
The Barriers of E-Government Success: An Empirical Study from Jordanijmpict
This paper discussed the E-government success barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure of E-government success. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-government quality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors
of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisioned e-services are less than expectations of stakeholders. We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-government performance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction. The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found that low system quality led to low service quality directly.
This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and participation. The article relates this to the recently announced UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation of all government services within a period of three years. An important component of the strategic framework in question is the use of the existing national identity management infrastructure and the development of a government-owned federated identity management system to support Government-to-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust and confidence on the Internet.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government. However, projects of such scale and complexity, faces numerous roadblocks which eventually hamper its potential to deliver the intended benefits to the citizens. The success of these programmes calls for strategic direction, policy making and greater coordination among multiple agencies, following a uniform approach in achieving the vision. This necessitates a strategic framework comprehensive enough to visualize and enable the leaders in addressing the potential roadblocks or resistance. This report presents the outcome of a research to define a strategic framework that models the opposing and propelling forces dormant during a project time. This would help the strategic decision makers to visualize each project as a whole and take quick decisions in the areas that need additional thrust, to ensure that the initiatives achieve the envisaged goals.
Analyzing E-Government Development in Kudus Local Government Using SWOT AnalysisEdhie Wibowo
E-government is an important tool for public sector transformation and a force for effective governance, and the Government of Indonesia has been trying to utilize the advances of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the public. This research tries to analyze the e-government developments in Kudus Local Government to find the strength and weakness within the organization, as well as the opportunity and threat outside the organization.Using qualitative analysis method, a field research has been done in Kudus Local Government. All findings then analyzed to find the best using SWOT Analysis.The result of this research shows us, that e-government development in Kudus Local Government could be improved in the future by using the precise analysis in the development process to create the best strategic plans based on the analysis and could be used as an insight to develop a new system more effective and efficient in the future.
This infographic outlines five recommendations for successful agency reform implementation. Booz Allen’s work with FedScoop has resulted in a Government Reform Study (available here: bit.ly/1y9jZgE). The study reveals that reform is necessary and welcomed by senior decision-makers in government and the private sector, but implementing reform is often met with challenges. The study highlights five key recommendations around ways senior decision-makers can navigate the complexities of reform.
Significance and Application of Computer-Based Forecasting to Governance and ...Editor IJCATR
Forecast results, products and applications are crucial in different sectors of a nations’s economy. Areas such as health, social, political, commerce and infact overall economy require the use of forecast techniques; but, success in governance and leadership seem to depend majorly on proper use of efficient forecasting techniques. This study focuses on the significance and application of computer-based forecasting in governance and leadership generally. The research being a descriptive type uses data from primary sources (observation, oral interview) and secondary sources (online publication) to locate, collect, analyze and summarize opinions on the significance and applications of computer-based forecasts to governance and leadership concerns. The work revealed that poor forecasting in governance leads to uninformed decision making manifested in poor service delivery, high project cost, insuficient amenities and overall below average performance of leadership. The effect of this on stakeholders is enormous. Tax-payers face untold hardship and lack of basic amenities. Governments waste resources on wrongly chosen projects and communities loss confidence and interest in the government. Consequently, the governance becomes unpopular and leadership fails. The application of computer-based forecasting provides a solution to these economic ills.
Booz Allen Hamilton uses its Cloud Analytics Reference Architecture to build technology infrastructures that can withstand the weight of massive datasets – and deliver the deep insights organizations need to drive innovation.
CRESUS: A TOOL TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION THROUGH ENHA...cscpconf
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a simulation of the IT infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings, the innovative CRESUS tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent CRESUS both aids communication in the development of a shared understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and associated IT infrastructural, change. This paper presents promising results that show how such a tool can facilitate collaborative requirements elicitation through increased communication around organisational change and the IT infrastructure.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT USING TAM MODEL: CASE OF EGYPTIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
Assessing the adoption of e government using tam model case of egyptIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS IN CLOUD ADOPTION: A CASE STUDY OF...ijmpict
This research explores critical aspects of procurement of ICT cloud services for South Australian public sector organisations with the case of South Australia Police (SAPOL) for evaluation. SAPOL as one of the state government agencies at the time is initiating this transition to the cloud environment. This exploratory research takes place when this public sector agency is doing its due diligence to ensure a successful implementation. In this study the researcher started off with surfacing the challenges in this journey for a public sector organisation before the actual journey commenced. SAPOL being a public sector organisation operates differently from private enterprises and has certain constraints and limitations that pose additional challenges for the organisation to transition towards the cloud. Interview with the CIO of the organisation responsible for the cloud migration initiative was organised. After detailed literature review, an interview questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the subject of interest. The information gathered in the interviews was recorded for detailed analysis. This paper contains a detailed report on the information analysed highlighting fourteen important challenges faced by the organisation in this cloud migration journey.
Hivos, a Dutch development organization, in cooperation with IDRC, Adept Systems and Triodos Facet, is pleased to invite you to a seminar on open source Management Information Systems and ICT trends in Microfinance, on 25th and 26th November 2010 in Tanzania.
Speaker: Michael Wakahe, Director, Shujaa Solutions Ltd
Date: 25th - 26th Nov 2010
Venue: Protea Court Yard Hotel, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
THE BARRIERS OF E-GOVERNMENT SUCCESS:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM JORDANijmpict
This paper discussed the E-governmentsuccess barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure ofE-governmentsuccess. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-governmentquality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLSstructural equation modeling (SEM)has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisionede-services are less than expectationsof stakeholders.We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-governmentperformance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction.The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found thatlow system quality led to low service quality directly.
The Barriers of E-Government Success: An Empirical Study from Jordanijmpict
This paper discussed the E-government success barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure of E-government success. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-government quality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors
of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisioned e-services are less than expectations of stakeholders. We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-government performance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction. The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found that low system quality led to low service quality directly.
This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and participation. The article relates this to the recently announced UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation of all government services within a period of three years. An important component of the strategic framework in question is the use of the existing national identity management infrastructure and the development of a government-owned federated identity management system to support Government-to-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust and confidence on the Internet.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent
and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent
and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government
Examining relationship between service quality, user satisfaction and perform...IJECEIAES
Governments attempt to use all forms of information technologies including Internet and mobile computing to be able to transform relationships with citizens. However, there is a clear gap between the indicator of the impact of technology innovation output and government’s vision in United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this regard, investigating the relationship between service quality, user satisfaction, and performance impact may help the government to mark its current progress and milestone achievement. This research proposed a model based on Delone & McLean IS success model by considering the research context. The modeling of structural equations via PLS (Partial least squares) regression was applied to evaluate the model within the context of public sector in the UAE. The data was collected from a sample of 147 employees in public organizations using a questionnaire. Results demonstrated that the quality of service has a significant effect on user satisfaction. In addition, quality of service and user satisfaction positively influences the staff performance. The outcome of this research helps to enhance the understanding of the impact of smart government applications.
A Framework for Assessing the Socio-Economic Impact of E-Gov.docxsleeperharwell
A Framework for Assessing the Socio-Economic
Impact of E-Governance Projects in Developing
Countries
Sylvester Hatsu
University of South Africa/Accra Polytechnic
P.O. Box 561
Accra-Ghana
+233 543937818
[email protected]
Ernest Ketcha Ngassam
University of South Africa
P O Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa
+27823552519
[email protected]
Abstract— A study of more than 100 e-Governance
projects showed that impact assessment of rolled out e-
Governance projects remain insignificant. These findings
remain inconclusive notwithstanding the fact that outcomes
of public sector based ICT4D initiatives have not been fully
established and disseminated. This paper proposes a
framework for assessing the socio-economic impact of e-
governance projects in developing countries. Socio-economic
indicators for e-Governance programmes are identified and
grouped into both core and contextual indicators that form
the basis for the development of an evaluation model. The
proposed assessment framework centered on stakeholders’
participation is then subjected to expert evaluation.
Outcome of our evaluation revealed wide acceptance and
acknowledgement of the relevance and importance of the
framework not only by experts, but also through case-study
based validation tests.
Keywords—Framework, e-Governance, Socio-economic
Impact, developing countries, project lifecycle Critical Success
Factors
I. INTRODUCTION
Drawing upon a study of more than 100 e-Gov projects, it
was observed in a European report that impact assessment
of deployed e-Governance (e-Gov) projects, in terms of
tangible and quantifiable socio-economic benefits, was
found to be still insignificant [9]. Unfortunately, this
situation seems to be in line with findings from other
studies [2; 11; 13]. These findings remain inconclusive by
virtue of the fact that outcomes of public sector based
ICT4D initiatives (e.g. e-Gov) have not been fully
established [4].
Impact assessment of e-Gov faces a number of challenges
because of certain flaws intrinsic to conventional impact
assessment approaches. Some of these challenges include
assessing process as against actual impact, placing more
weight on external as against community centered
indicators of impact. There is also the matter of weak or
absence of baselines.
This paper therefore seeks to develop a framework for
assessing the socio-economic impact of e-governance
projects in developing countries using expert evaluation
and case study for its validation and acceptance. Our
proposed framework is premised by the identification of
the overall key stakeholders and socio-economic
indicators. The latter ought to be considered in
quantitatively and qualitatively determine the effect of the
intervention to its stakeholders and lesson learnt for
improvement thereof.
The remaining part of this paper is structured as
follow. In section 2 below, we propose a methodology
followed.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years, e-Government development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government.
However, projects of such scale and complexity, faces numerous roadblocks which eventually hamper its potential to deliver the intended benefits to the citizens. The success of these programmes calls for strategic direction, policy making and greater coordination among multiple agencies, following a uniform approach in achieving the vision. This necessitates a strategic framework comprehensive enough to visualize and enable the leaders in addressing the potential roadblocks or resistance. This report presents the outcome of a research to define a strategic framework that models the opposing and propelling forces dormant during a project time. This would help the strategic decision makers to visualize each project as a whole and take quick decisions in the areas that need additional thrust, to ensure that the initiatives achieve the envisaged goals.
Semantic Data Integration Approaches for E-Governance dannyijwest
Increased generation of data in the e-governance R&D process is required to generate the expected
services in terms of enhanced e-services productivity and pipelines. The inability of existing integration
strategies to organise and apply the available knowledge to the range of real scientific, business and
governance issues is impacting on not only productivity but also transparency of information in crucial
safety and regulatory applications. This requires focusing on normative models of e-governance that
typically can assert horizontal (inter-agency) and vertical (inter-governmental) integration of data flows
to represent the most sophisticated form of e-government delivering greatest payoff for both governments
and users.
Core model of information technology governance system design in local govern...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Information technology governance (ITG) in local government is aimed at a good governance service framework. Reports produced as a result of the framework’s implementation help to improve governance’s openness, potency, and efficiency. A strong governance structure for adopting information technology (IT) is essential to ensuring its best utilization. The governance system should be properly managed to support the organization’s business. Therefore, this research aims to design an ITG system suitable for best practices using the control objectives for information technologies (COBIT) 2019 framework. The recommendations from the core model were processed based on the priority or competence level that local government entities use. It also produced a core model with capability levels of 1 and 2 that do not exist. The recommendation designated for the priority level of 3 was 17. The core model to be assigned a capability level of 4 urgently needed to be implemented was 23 core models.
AN APPROACH FOR A BUSINESS-DRIVEN CLOUDCOMPLIANCE ANALYSIS COVERING PUBLIC SE...ijmpict
The need for process improvement is an important target that does affect as well the government processes. Specifically in the public sector there are specific challenges to face .New technology approaches within government processes such as cloud services are necessary to address these challenges. Following the current discussion of „cloudification“of business processes all processes are considered similar in regards to their usability within the cloud. The truth is, that neither all processes have the same usability for cloud services not do they have the same importance for a specific company.
AN APPROACH FOR A BUSINESS-DRIVEN CLOUDCOMPLIANCE ANALYSIS COVERING PUBLIC SE...ijmpict
The need for process improvement is an important target that does affect as well the government processes.
Specifically in the public sector there are specific challenges to face .New technology approaches within
government processes such as cloud services are necessary to address these challenges. Following the
current discussion of „cloudification“of business processes all processes are considered similar in regards
to their usability within the cloud. The truth is, that neither all processes have the same usability for cloud
services not do they have the same importance for a specific company.
The most comprehensive process within a company is the corporate value chain. In this article one key
proposition is to use the corporate value chain as the fundamental structuring backbone for all business
process analysis and improvement activities. It is a pre-requisite to identify the core elements of the value
chain that are essential for the individual company’s business and the root cause for any company success.
In this paper we propose to use the company-specific value-creation for the “cloud-affinity” and the
“cloud-usability” of a business process in public sector considering the specific challenges of addressing
processes in cloud services. Therefor it is necessary to formalize the way the processes with its
interdependencies are documented in context of their company-specific value chain (as part of the various
deployment- and governance alternatives (e.g. security, compliance, quality, adaptability)). Moreover, it is
essential in the public sector to describe in detail the environmental / external restrictions of processes..
With the use of this proposed methodology it becomes relatively easy to identify cloud-suitable processes
within the public sector and thus optimize the public companies value generation tightly focused with the
use of this new technology.
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governa...riyaniaes
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
Similar to Impact of e government services on (20)
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Novel R&D Capabilities as a Response to ESG Risks-Lessons From Amazon’s Fusio...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
NOVEL R & D CAPABILITIES AS A RESPONSE TO ESG RISKS- LESSONS FROM AMAZON’S FU...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
Building on this premise, this paper conducts an empirical analysis, utilizing reliable firms data on ESG
risk and brand value, with a focus on 100 global R&D leader firms. It analyzes R&D and actions for ESG
risk mitigation, and assesses the development of new functions that fulfill F + ESG optimization through
R&D. The analysis also highlights the significance of network externality effects, with a specific focus on
Amazon, a leading R&D company, providing insights into the direction for transforming R&D strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
The dynamics of stakeholder engagement in F + ESG optimization are indicated with the example of
amazon's activities. Through the analysis, it became evident that Amazon's capacity encompassing growth
and scalability, specifically its ability to grow and expand, is accelerating high-level research and
development by gaining the trust of stakeholders in the "synergy through R&D-driven ESG risk
mitigation."
Finally, as examples of these initiatives, the paper discussed the Climate Pledge led by Amazon and the
transformation of Japan's management system.
A REVIEW OF STOCK TREND PREDICTION WITH COMBINATION OF EFFECTIVE MULTI TECHNI...IJMIT JOURNAL
It is important for investors to understand stock trends and market conditions before trading stocks. Both
these capabilities are very important for an investor in order to obtain maximized profit and minimized
losses. Without this capability, investors will suffer losses due to their ignorance regarding stock trends
and market conditions. Technical analysis helps to understand stock prices behavior with regards to past
trends, the signals given by indicators and the major turning points of the market price. This paper reviews
the stock trend predictions with a combination of the effective multi technical indicator strategy to increase
investment performance by taking into account the global performance and the proposed combination of
effective multi technical indicator strategy model.
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING CUSTOMIZED RULES FOR SNORTIJMIT JOURNAL
These days the security provided by the computer systems is a big issue as it always has the threats of
cyber-attacks like IP address spoofing, Denial of Service (DOS), token impersonation, etc. The security
provided by the blue team operations tends to be costly if done in large firms as a large number of systems
need to be protected against these attacks. This leads these firms to turn to less costly security
configurations like IDS Suricata and IDS Snort. The main theme of the project is to improve the services
provided by Snort which is a tool used in creating a vague defense against cyber-attacks like DDOS
attacks which are done on both physical and network layers. These attacks in turn result in loss of
extremely important data. The rules defined in this project will result in monitoring traffic, analyzing it,
and taking appropriate action to not only stop the attack but also locate its source IP address. This whole
process uses different tools other than Snort like Wireshark, Wazuh and Splunk. The product of this will
result in not only the detection of the attack but also the source IP address of the machine on which the
attack is initiated and completed. The end product of this research will result in sets of default rules for the
Snort tool which will not only be able to provide better security than its previous versions but also be able
to provide the user with the IP address of the attacker or the person conducting the attack. The system
involves the integration of Wazuh with Snort tool in order to make it more efficient than IDS Suricata
which is another intrusion detection system capable of detecting all these types of attacks as mentioned.
Splunk is another tool used in this project which increases the firewall efficiency to pass the no. of bits to
be scanned and the no. of bits scanned successfully. Wazuh is used in this system as it is the best choice for
traffic monitoring and incident response than any other of its alternatives in the market. Since this system
is used in firms which are known to handle big amounts of data and for this purpose, we use Splunk tool as
it is very efficient in handling big amounts of data. Wireshark is used in this system in order to give the IDS
automation in its capability to capture and report the malicious packets found during the network scan. All
of this gives the IDS a capability of a low budget automated threat detection system. This paper gives
complete guidelines for authors submitting papers for the AIRCC Journals.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a critical technology for businesses seeking to improve
efficiency and profitability. One area where AI is proving particularly impactful is in service operations
management, where it is used to create AI-powered service operations (AIServiceOps) that deliver highvalue services to customers. AIServiceOps involve the use of AI to automate and optimize various business
processes, such as customer service, sales, marketing, and supply chain management. The rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence has prompted many changes in the field of Information Technology
(IT) Service Operations. IT Service Operations are driven by AI, i.e., AIServiceOps. AI has empowered
new vitality and addressed many challenges in IT Service Operations. However, there is a literature gap on
the Business Value Impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) Powered IT Service Operations. It can help IT
build optimized business resilience by creating value in complex and ever-changing environments as
product organizations move faster than IT can handle. So, this research paper examines how AIServiceOps
creates business value and sustainability, basically how AIServiceOps makes the IT staff liberation from a
low-level, repetitive workout and traditional IT practices for a continuously optimized process. One of the
research objectives is to compare Traditional IT Service Operations with AIServiceOPs. This paper
provides the basis for how enterprises can evaluate AIServiceOps and consider it a digital transformation
tool. The paper presents a case study of a company that implemented AI-powered service operations
(AIServiceOps) and analyzes the resulting business outcomes. The study shows that AIServiceOps can
significantly improve service delivery, reduce response times, and increase customer satisfaction.
Furthermore, it demonstrates how AIServiceOps can deliver substantial cost savings, such as reducing
labor costs and minimizing downtime.
MEDIATING AND MODERATING FACTORS AFFECTING READINESS TO IOT APPLICATIONS: THE...IJMIT JOURNAL
Although IOT seems to be the upcoming trend, it is still in its infancy; especially in the banking industry.
There is a clear gap in literature, as only few studies identify factors affecting readiness to IOT
applications in banks in general, and almost negligible investigations on mediating and moderating
factors. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the main factors that affect employees’ readiness to
IOT applications, while highlighting the mediating and moderating factors in the Egyptian banking sector.
The importance of Egypt stems from its high population and steady steps taken towards technology
adoption. 479 valid questionnaires were distributed over HR employees in banks. Data collected was
statistically analysed using Regression and SEM. Results showed a significant impact of ‘Security’,
‘Networking’, ‘Software Development’ and ‘Regulations’ on ‘readiness to IOT applications. Thus, the
readiness acceptance level is high‘Security’ and ‘User Intention’ were proven to mediate the relationship
between research variables and readiness to IOT applications, and only a partial moderation role was
proven for ‘Efficiency’. The study contributes to increasing literature on IOT applications in general, and
fills a gap on the Egyptian banking context in particular. Finally, it provides decision makers at banks with
useful guidelines on how to optimally promote IOT applications among employees.
EFFECTIVELY CONNECT ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY TO INNOVATION OVER A LONG PERIODIJMIT JOURNAL
IT (Information and Communication Technology) companies are facing the dilemma of decreasing
productivity despite increasing research and development efforts. M&A (Merger and Acquisition) is being
considered as a breakthrough solution. From existing research, it has been pointed out that M&A leads to
the emergence of new innovations. Purpose of this study was to discuss the efficient ways of acquisition and
to resolve the dilemma of productivity decline by clarifying how the technology obtained through M&A
leads to the creation of new innovations. Hypothesis 1 was that the technology acquired through M&A is
utilized for innovation creation, Hypothesis 2 was that the acquired technology is utilized over a long
period of time, and Hypothesis 3 was that a long-term utilization has a positive impact on corporate
performance. The results, using sports prosthetics as a case study and using patents as a proxy variable,
confirmed all the hypotheses set. We have revealed that long-term utilization of technology obtained
through M&A is effective for creating new innovations.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of information technology and management
4th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2023)IJMIT JOURNAL
4th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2023) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the areas of Cloud, Big Data and IoT. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the area of Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
TRANSFORMING SERVICE OPERATIONS WITH AI: A CASE FOR BUSINESS VALUEIJMIT JOURNAL
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a critical technology for businesses seeking to improve
efficiency and profitability. One area where AI is proving particularly impactful is in service operations
management, where it is used to create AI-powered service operations (AIServiceOps) that deliver highvalue services to customers. AIServiceOps involve the use of AI to automate and optimize various business
processes, such as customer service, sales, marketing, and supply chain management. The rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence has prompted many changes in the field of Information Technology
(IT) Service Operations. IT Service Operations are driven by AI, i.e., AIServiceOps. AI has empowered
new vitality and addressed many challenges in IT Service Operations. However, there is a literature gap on
the Business Value Impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) Powered IT Service Operations. It can help IT
build optimized business resilience by creating value in complex and ever-changing environments as
product organizations move faster than IT can handle. So, this research paper examines how AIServiceOps
creates business value and sustainability, basically how AIServiceOps makes the IT staff liberation from a
low-level, repetitive workout and traditional IT practices for a continuously optimized process. One of the
research objectives is to compare Traditional IT Service Operations with AIServiceOPs. This paper
provides the basis for how enterprises can evaluate AIServiceOps and consider it a digital transformation
tool. The paper presents a case study of a company that implemented AI-powered service operations
(AIServiceOps) and analyzes the resulting business outcomes. The study shows that AIServiceOps can
significantly improve service delivery, reduce response times, and increase customer satisfaction.
Furthermore, it demonstrates how AIServiceOps can deliver substantial cost savings, such as reducing
labor costs and minimizing downtime.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING THE ONLINE KNOWLEDGE-SHARING BEHAVIOR OF ...IJMIT JOURNAL
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's digital knowledgesharing behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the
research framework using survey data from 210 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using
Smart PLS software. The results of the study show that trust, self-motivation, and altruism are positively
related to attitude. Contrary to our expectations, knowledge technology negatively affects attitude.
However, reward systems and empowerment by leaders are significantly associated with knowledgesharing intentions.Knowledge-sharing intention, in turn, was significantly related to digital knowledgesharing behavior. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for
future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance digital knowledge sharing in HEI.
The findings will benefit academic staff and university administrations.The study will also help academic
staff enhance their knowledge-sharing practices.
BUILDING RELIABLE CLOUD SYSTEMS THROUGH CHAOS ENGINEERINGIJMIT JOURNAL
Cloud computing systems need to be reliable so that they can be accessed and used for computing at any
given point in time. The complex nature of cloud systems is the motivation to conduct research in novel
ways of ensuring that cloud systems are built with reliability in mind. In building cloud systems, it is
expected that the cloud system will be able to deal with high demands and unexpected events that affect the
reliability and performance of the system.
In this paper, chaos engineering is considered a heuristic method that can be used to build reliable cloud
systems. Chaos engineering is aimed at exposing weaknesses in systems that are in production. Chaos
engineering will help identify system weaknesses and strengths when a system is exposed to unexpected
knocks and shocks while it is in production.
Chaos engineering allows system developers and administrators to get insights into how the cloud system
will behave when it is exposed to unexpected occurrences.
A REVIEW OF STOCK TREND PREDICTION WITH COMBINATION OF EFFECTIVE MULTI TECHNI...IJMIT JOURNAL
It is important for investors to understand stock trends and market conditions before trading stocks. Both
these capabilities are very important for an investor in order to obtain maximized profit and minimized
losses. Without this capability, investors will suffer losses due to their ignorance regarding stock trends
and market conditions. Technical analysis helps to understand stock prices behavior with regards to past
trends, the signals given by indicators and the major turning points of the market price. This paper reviews
the stock trend predictions with a combination of the effective multi technical indicator strategy to increase
investment performance by taking into account the global performance and the proposed combination of
effective multi technical indicator strategy model.
NETWORK MEDIA ATTENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper will provide a novel empirical study for the relationship between network media attention and
green technology innovation and examine how network media attention can ease financing constraints. It
collected data from listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry and performed rigorous
regression analysis, in order to innovatively explore the environmental governance functions of the media.
It found that network media attention significantly promotes green technology innovation. By analyzing the
inner mechanism further, it found that network media attention can promote green innovation by easing
financing constraints. Besides, network media attention has a significant positive impact on green invention
patents while not affecting green utility model patents.
INCLUSIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HANDLING COMPETING INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS FOR DHI...IJMIT JOURNAL
Information System (IS) research advocates employing collaborative and loose coupling strategies to address contradictory issues to address diversified actors’ interests than the prescriptive and unilateral Information Technology (IT) governance mechanisms’, yet it is rarely depicting how managers employ these strategies in Health Information System (HIS) implementation, particularly in a resource-constrained setting where IS implementation activities have highly relied on multiple international organizations resources. This study explored how managers in resource-constrained settings employ collaborative IT governance mechanisms in the case of District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) adoption with an interpretative case study approach and the institutional logic concept. The institutional logic concept was used to identify the major actors’ logics underpinning the DHIS2 adoption. The study depicted the importance of high-level officials' distance from the dominant systemic logic to consider new alternative, and to employ inclusive IT governance mechanisms which separated resource from the system that facilitated stakeholders’ collaboration in DHIS2 adoption based on their capacity and interest.
DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR EVENT MONITORING SYSTEMIJMIT JOURNAL
With an increasing number of extreme events and complexity, more alarms are being used to monitor
control rooms. Operators in the control rooms need to monitor and analyze these alarms to take suitable
actions to ensure the system’s stability and security. Security is the biggest concern in the modern world. It
is important to have a rigid surveillance that should guarantee protection from any sought of hazard.
Considering security, Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) cameras are being utilized for reconnaissance, but these
CCTV cameras require a person for supervision. As a human being, there can be a possibility to be tired
off in supervision at any point of time. So, we need a system to detect automatically. Thus, we came up with
a solution using YOLO V5. We have taken a data set and used robo-flow framework to enhance the existing
images into numerous variations where it will create a copy of grey scale image, a copy of its rotation and
a copy of its blurred version which will be used to get an enlarged data set. This work mainly focuses on
providing a secure environment using CCTV live footage as a source to detect the weapons. Using YOLO
algorithm, it divides an image from the video into grid system and each grid detects an object within itself
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
DOI : 10.5121/ijmit.2015.7302 19
IMPACT OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES ON
PRIVATE SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT
MODEL
Hussain Wasly1
and Dr Ali AlSoufi2
1
Asia e University, Malaysia
2
University of Bahrain, Bahrain
ABSTRACT
Despite the large investments in the field of e-Government (e-Gov) around the world, little is known about
the impact such investment. This is due to the lack of guidance evaluation, absence of appropriate tools to
measure the impact of e-Gov on the private sector, as well as the lack of effective management to resolve or
eliminate the barriers to e-Gov services that led to the failure or delay of many projects. This paper is
primarily concerned in determining the impact of e-Gov services on the private sector. A combination of
Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), DeLone and McLean's of IS success will be utilized
as a research model and e-Gov Economics Project (eGEP) framework to measure “Efficiency, Democracy
& Effectiveness impact” for G2B services. The research result will help e-Gov decision makers to
recognize the critical factors that are responsible for G2B success, specifically factors they need to pay
attention to gain the highest return on their technology investment, hence enabling them to measure the
impact for e-Gov on the private sector. The paper has also demonstrated the usefulness of Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM) in analysis of small data sets and in exploratory research.
KEYWORDS
E-Government, G2B, eGEP Measurement Framework, TAM, Impact, D&M, DeLone and McLean IS
Success Model, PLS.
1. INTRODUCTION
The financial and economic crisis beginning in 2008 has forced government and private
sector as well to focus on how to maximize saving costs and providing good services.
Countries spend millions and even billions on IT and e-Gov programs, for example in 2009;
the US government spent more than $71 billion on IT, with an estimated 10 percent of it related
to e-Gov which means around 7.1 billion for e-Gov. In 2014, the total IT investment in USA
Federal government is $81,996 million with a modest 2.1% increase over fiscal year 2012 [1]. E-
Government (e-Gov) refers to the use of information and communication technologies,
particularly the Internet, to deliver government information and services [2]. E-Gov can create
meaningful and big benefits around the world for governments, businesses, and citizens [3].
Government to business (G2B) impacts many areas like satisfaction / willingness to
remain using, time saving / cost reduction, integration with the existing business processes, trust,
security, expenditure & labour invested [4]. E-Gov investments could easily be recovered if
Governments are able to do impact assessments from first stage and measuring the impact their e-
Gov services. According to Chang-hak Choi [5], South Korea invested $80 million to implement
e-Procurement; as a result it was able to do savings in 2009 amount of $3.2 billion, which means
South Korea recovered the cost in 10 days.
2. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
20
According to European commission [6], many factors affect positive G2B impact and one of them
is e-Gov barriers. The barriers to e-Gov project team have identified seven key categories of
barriers that can block or constrain progress on e -Gov as the following: “1) Leadership failures
2) Financial inhibitors 3) Digital divides & choices 4) Poor coordination 5) Workplace and
organizational inflexibility 6) Lack of trust and 7) Poor technical design”. These have been
derived from a broad review of the literature and research on e-Government, supplemented by an
analysis of the experience and knowledge of the partners in the project, including the reaction of
growing stakeholders obtained from the expert group workshops and project work. Furthermore
lack of clear or good measurement framework is another factor that affects positive G2B impact.
Therefore, many countries have established national measurement Frameworks to identify the
benefits and returns of investments of e -Gov services, each one measuring from different
angles.
According to Heeks [7], some of the well-known national measurements methodologies are
MAREVA (A Method of Analysis and Value Enhancement) developed by the French, Electronic
Administration Development Agency (ADAE) and Bearing Point (2005), WiBe Economic
Efficiency Assessment methodology (Federal Ministry of the Interior, Germany, 2004), used by
the German federal administration, eGEP measurement framework developed by the European
Commission [8] on the basis of a review of MAREVA, WiBe, and other frameworks developed
in the UK, Holland, and Denmark.
MAREVA measurements methodology is built around return of investment (ROI) which provides
a method for agency to compute costs and gains. This method provides a way to calculate the
expected return on investment (ROI) before a project is taken up. However, it suggests additional
four parameters to measure a project requirement as level of risk, gained benefits to employees
and society, and real benefits to clients. Each of the five parameters is rated on a five point scale
as a radial diagram for all projects being compared. The key benefits for the clients are identified
as saving of time, saving of cost and simplification of accessibility. WiBe is a measurement
methodology in Germany for assessment of IT projects. It provides different templates to
calculate costs and revenues. These templates are useful to develop the method of assessing
investments, operating costs, and revenue impacts for the agency. The eGEP framework is built
around the three value drivers of efficiency (organizational value), democracy (political value),
and effectiveness (user value), and it is “elaborated in such a way as to produce a
multidimensional assessment of the public value potentially generated by e-Government, not
limited to just the strictly quantitative financial impact, but also fully including more qualitative
impacts.” [38].
There have been large investments in the field of IT and e-Gov in all parts of the world. However,
little is known about the impact of investments in e-Gov, due to lack of guidance
evaluation, and the absence of appropriate measurement tool for the impact of e-Gov on the
private sector, as well as the lack of effective management to resolve or eliminate the barriers to
e-Gov which led to the failure or delay of many projects, especially in developing countries.
Many government projects fail for various reasons. These include unclear business cases,
misaligned accountability and motivation structure, management and lack of technical expertise
by external service providers, poor discipline of project management, inadequate tracking
systems and performance management practices, uncertain budget environments and
ineffective governance [9].
According to Valentina [10] study, there is a positive impact and many benefits by using
e-Gov services such as cost saving and efficiency gains, quality of service delivery to businesses,
citizens and government, transparency, anti-corruption and accountability, increase government
capacity, improve decision making quality, creation of networked community and promote use
3. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
21
of ICT in other sectors of the society. In terms of cost saving and efficiency gains, there is a new
system for Beijing’s business e-Park that applies the latest computer and Internet technologies to
improve the efficiency and responsiveness of government. By using that system businesses can
reduce the time required for gaining approval for specific applications from 2-3 months to few
days.
According to European commission [6], there are many factors that affect or hinder the
positive G2B impact and one of them is e-Gov barriers. The barriers to e-Gov project team
have identified seven key categories of barriers that can hinder or constrain progress on e-
Gov. These keys are leadership failures, financial inhibitors, digital divides & choices, poor
coordination, inflexible workplace and organizational, lack of trust, and poor technical design.
The objectives of this research are mainly to measure the impact and net benefits of
G2B services on private sector by using the proposed model.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK
Partial least squares structural equation analysis (SmartPLS Version 2.0.M3) was used as
statistical technique for this study to analyse the information gathered from the surveys and
interviews. The PLS guidelines prescribed by some researchers [11] [12] were followed. PLS is
the better SEM technique when “hypotheses are derived from macro level theory in which
all salient and/or relevant variables are not known”; “relationships between theoretical
constructs and their manifestations are vague”; and “relationships between constructs are
conjectural” [13]. Measurement conditions consider the characteristics of the latent and manifest
variables. PLS is best suited when “some or all of the manifest variables are categorical or
they represent different levels of measurement”; “manifest variables have some degree of
unreliability” and “residuals on manifest and latent variables are correlated” [13]. Falk and
Miller [13] theorize one distribution condition in which PLS is better suited: “data come
from non-normal or unknown distributions”. PLS is also more appropriate when these
practical conditions are present: “cross-sectional, survey, secondary data, or quasi-experimental
research designs are used”; “a large number of manifest and latent variables are modelled”; and
“too many or too few cases are available” [13].
In this research the authors used a combination of the qualitative & quantitative research methods
(Mixed Method Approach) to overcome certain disadvantages of each method.
2.1. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
TAM primary objective is to predict and explain the use of technology [14]. In TAM, perceived
usefulness is defined as “the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system
would enhance his or her job performance” [15], while perceived ease of use is defined
as “the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort”
[15]. TAM research has confirmed perceived usefulness as a key and consistent predictor of IT
usage intention during the initial and later stages of usage [16]. Behavioural intention to use the
system has been studied extensively in the IS literature. Klopping M. and McKinney E.[17]
proposed modified TAM for e-Commerce . They made two common modification of the original
TAM to fit it with the online shopping domain. To further enhance the model for e-commerce
use, they also modify the TAM in an important and unique way. They add a direct effect of
perceived usefulness on actual use. Consumers may view online shopping as a necessity even
if their intention to use the technology is relatively unchanged. That is, some consumers may
report that they do not have an improved intention toward online shopping, while at the same time
increasing their actual online shopping use. According to Davis [15] perceived usefulness and
perceived ease of use effect the actual outcomes.
4. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
22
2.2. DeLone and McLean IS Success Model
Evaluating the success of information systems remains a challenging task for researchers and
interested as well. Government and companies invest a lot in information systems to get a desired
return on their investment. Numerous studies were conducted to assess IS success [18] [19]. In
order to simplify the model, DeLone and McLean grouped customer, societal, inter-
organizational, and industry impact into “net benefits”. The Service quality was also included in
the model based on the importance of service as an important aspect of the success of the
information system. The “use” has been divided into intention to use and use components.
2.3. E-Government impact Measurement Framework
In many cases no clear or good measurement framework is another factor that affects a positive e-
Government impact. Therefore, many countries have a national measurement Frameworks to
identify the benefits and returns of investments of e-Gov services, each one measuring from
different angles.
The eGEP framework as shown in Figure 2.1 [8] is built around the three value drivers of
efficiency (organizational value), democracy (political value), and effectiveness (user value), and
it is “elaborated in such a way as to produce a multidimensional assessment of the public value
potentially generated by e-Government, not limited to just the strictly quantitative financial
impact, but also fully including more qualitative impacts.”
Figure 2.1: Adapted from e-Gov Economics Project. Measurement Framework, Final Version, May 2006.
The eGEP model built around the three value drivers of efficiency, democracy/good governance,
and effectiveness and elaborated in such a way as to produce a multidimensional assessment of
the public value potentially generated by e-Gov, not limited to just the strictly quantitative
financial impact, but also fully including more qualitative impacts [20].
5. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
23
2.4. Research Model
In order to provide a general and comprehensive definition of IS success and user acceptance that
covers different perspectives of evaluating information systems, moreover in order to create more
comprehensive and solid model for evaluating IS success and evaluate the quantitative and
qualitative impact on private sector, this research uses an extension of DeLone and McLean's
model of IS success, Modified TAM including efficiency, governance / democracy, and
effectiveness of eGEP framework including customer stratification. An eGEP framework is the
selected tool to measuring net benefits. The resultant (combined model) is shown in Figure 1.
Some of researchers had integrated TAM and IS success models together in their studies.
According to Wang and Liu [22], Both TAM and the D&M update IS success model have their
own strengths and weaknesses in terms of evaluating the success of an information system
because TAM was mainly developed to focus on evaluating system usage from users’
perspective, while D&M update IS success model concerns about the relationships among actual
system usage, user satisfaction, and their influence on the overall benefits. Wang and Liu [22]
proposed a model which is an integration of TAM and the D&M update IS Success Model “to
create a more comprehensive and solid model for evaluating IS success model, since these two
models are complementary to each other in a certain way”. Some researchers conclude that
“TAM2 and TAM, D&M (1997, 2003) IS success model [22], and Seddon‘s [23] IS success sub-
model have been used together in studies even though TAM2, also IS success model [18] [24] are
the extension of TAM and Seddon‘s (1997) models respectively and contain all the variables for
the former models”. According to Zaied A. study [25], the proposed model of integration between
TAM and D&M IS Success models with two more success dimensions (Management support and
Training) has been validated by an empirical study based on a questionnaire.
The research model has been tested using fifteen hypotheses as shown in Figure 3.1 as a research
model to measuring e-Gov success and its impact on private sector.
3. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
This presents the analysis of the gathered survey data in this study and analysis of the instrument
also the assessment of the empirical model. Also it presents a descriptive statistics of the user data
and the model instrument. The model used in this research comprises of 10 latent variables which
cannot be directly measured.
3.1. Research Instrument and Sample
A total of 174 questionnaires were collected either by email or interviews. Table 3.1 shows the
distribution of research sample according to respondents department. The largest group of
respondents is Budget & fiscal operations (including Accounting, warehouse, purchasing,
Treasury) which accounts for 80% of the responses followed by Human Resources with 13.22%;
and government relationship with 9.20%. This is expected since SADAD and other
economic/financial services are the most used applications/systems with more than 66%,
followed by some services that related to human resources and government relationship.
6. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
24
Table 3.1: Distribution of Respondents by Departments.
Department % # of Respondents
Planning and building inspection. 1.72% 3
Community Development / Economic Development. 1.15% 2
Customer Service. 1.72% 3
Facility Management. 2.30% 4
Admin. & service department 5.17% 9
Health & Safety Department. 1.15% 2
Procurement 3.45% 6
Recruitment 4.02% 7
Government relationship. 9.20% 16
Human Resources. 13.22% 23
Information Technology. 5.75% 10
Owner 1.72% 3
Other 3.45% 6
Total 100% 174
3.2. Reflective Measurement Model Assessment
Reflective measurement model assessment focuses on its validity and reliability. The reflective
measurement models’ validity assessment focuses on (1) convergent validity and (2) discriminant
validity, whilst reflective measurement models’ reliability assessment focuses on (1) Internal
consistency reliability and (2) Indicator reliability [11]. PLS assesses the reliability and validity of
the measures of theoretical constructs and estimates the relationships among these constructs. The
average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and the item loadings of the
reflective constructs are shown in Table 3.2.
If each item shows a strong relationship on its theoretical construct then convergent validity is
expected [26]. In PLS, Convergent validity can be assessed by examining the average variance
extracted (AVE) [27] [28] [11]. It is recommended that the AVE value of at least 0.5 indicates
sufficient degree of convergent validity, meaning that the latent variable is able to explain more
than half of its indicators’ variance [29] [11].All AVE above 0.5 which indicates significant
degrees.
Discriminant validity is expected when the items show a weak relationship with all other
constructs except the one it is theoretically associated. Discriminant validity can be assessed by;
(1) the Fornell–Larcker criterion and (2) cross loadings [11] [27]. The Fornell–Larcker criterion
postulates that “a latent construct shares more variance with its assigned indicators than with
another latent variable in the structural model” [28]. In statistical terms, “the Average Variance
Extracted (AVE) of the latent constructs is greater than the square of the correlations among the
latent constructs” [27]. The cross loadings refer to the indicator’s loadings with its associated
latent constructs should be higher than its loading with other remaining constructs. AVE, created
by Fornell and Larcker [28], attempts to measure the amount of variance that a latent variable
component captures from its indicators relative to the amount due to measurement error [30]. It is
recommended that the AVE should be greater than 0.50 which means 50% or more variance of
the indicators should be accounted. In addition, “the AVEs of the latent variable should be higher
than any correlation among any pair of latent construct” [27].
AVE = Σλi² / Σλi² + Σivar(εi).
Table 3.2: AVE: Average Variance Extracted, CR: Composite Reliability, R²: R Square.
8. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
26
Discriminant validity is also assessed by compare the calculated AVE with the square of the
correlations among constructs. According to Fornell and Larcker [28] criterion, “the AVE of each
latent construct should be higher than the construct’s highest squared correlation with any other
latent construct”. Table 3.5 below shows the result of the square root of the AVE given in the
diagonals which is higher than the correlation among the constructs. This result indicates further
strength of discriminant validity presence. Moreover it validate that the constructs met the criteria
for acceptable discriminant validity.
Table 3.3: Correlation among Construct Scores (AVE Extracted in Diagonals)
Discriminate validity is further assessed by comparing Indicator’s loadings and its cross loadings.
A bootstrap resampling (5000 resamples) was used throughout the study to find out if the
indicator’s loadings should be higher than all of its cross loadings. To get acceptable standard
error estimates, Chin [27] suggests 200 resamples. Whereas Hair, Ringle, & Sarstedt [11] suggest
the minimum number of bootstrap samples is 5,000. The correlation matrix highlights the loading
of the measurement items on the constructs to which they are assigned in the confirmatory factor
analysis. The results suggest that most of indicators loaded higher with its respective latent
variable.
Construct reliability was assessed by Composite Reliability (CR) to get internal consistency
reliability. All CR values are above the suggested 0.60 for all constructs which suggests that the
instrument is reliable when conducting exploratory studies [11] [31].
Construct reliability is further assessed by indicator reliability. The recommended value for
indicator reliability is more than 0.6 for an exploratory research [32] [11] [33]. Also, for an
exploratory research higher than or equal 0.4 is acceptable [34]. Table 4.8 shows that all
indicators except (EVAP) have individual indicator reliability values that are larger than the
minimum acceptable level of 0.4 and most of them are more than the preferred level of 0.7.
Overall, there is a significant confidence of the survey instrument quality based on the reliability
and validity analyses.
3.2. Structural Model Assessment
The structural assessment focuses on (1) R² measure and (2) path coefficients’ significance as
primary evaluation criteria. Also it focus on (3) predictive relevance [11]. R² measures and the
level and significance of the path coefficients are the primary evaluation criteria for the structural
model because “the prediction-oriented PLS-SEM approach goal is to explain the endogenous
latent variables’ variance, the key target constructs’ level of R² should be high” [11]. R² results of
0.20 are considered high in disciplines, path coefficients with standardized values above 0.2, and
path t-value is above 1.96 for significance level 5 percent are usually [11] [12].
9. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
27
The explanatory power of the structural model is evaluated by examining the squared multiple
correlation (R²) value in the final dependent constructs. The R² measures the percentage of
variation that is explained by the model. The R² for the overall model is 0.3841. Figure 3.1 shows
the path coefficients and inside the blue balls the R².
Figure 3.1: Structural Model – Full Model
Table 3.4 below is used to test the research hypotheses and shows results that indicate all
reflective items had a significance level greater than .01 and t-values above 1.96 except
Democracy Impact-> User satisfaction. In addition, table 3.5 explains which hypotheses were
supported.
Table 3.4: Statistical Significance of the Coefficients
Endogenous
Variables
R² Independent Variables Standardized
Path
Coefficients
T Statistics
(Inner
Model)
Perceived
Usefulness
0.57 Information Quality 0.51 7.6097
System Quality 0.40 6.1244
Behavioural
Intention to Use
0.66 Perceived Usefulness 0.08 1.2148
Perceived Ease of Use 0.77 14.9782
Perceived Ease of
Use
0.203 System Quality 0.34 4.5774
Information Quality 0.2 2.5074
Actual Use 0.51 Perceived Usefulness 0.55 6.9029
Behavioural Intention to Use 0.26 2.5117
User satisfaction 0.73 Democracy Impact 0.08 1.0898
Effectiveness Impact 0.6 8.1573
Efficiency Impact 0.24 2.4763
Democracy Impact 0.40 Actual Use 0.63 12.2653
Effectiveness
Impact
0.27 Actual Use 0.52 8.5546
Efficiency Impact 0.50 Actual Use 0.70 11.7332
10. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
28
Table 3.5: Research Hypotheses
Hypotheses Result
H1: The proposed model is statistically significant. Supported
H2a: Information quality is positively related to perceived usefulness. Supported
H2b: Information quality is positively related to perceived ease of use. Supported
H2c: System quality is positively related to perceived usefulness. Supported
H2d: System quality is positively related to perceived ease of use. Supported
H3a: Perceived usefulness is positively related to behavioural intention to use. Rejected
H3b: Perceived usefulness is positively related to actual usage. Supported
H3c: Perceived ease of use is positively related to behavioural intention to use. Supported
H4: behavioural intention to use is positively related to Actual Usage. Supported
H5a: Actual Usage is positively related to Efficiency Impact. Supported
H5b: Actual Usage is positively related to Governance/Democracy impact. Supported
H5c: Actual Usage is positively related to Effectiveness Impact. Supported
H6a: Efficiency Impact is positively related to User Satisfaction Supported
H6b: Governance/Democracy impact is positively related to User Satisfaction. Rejected
H6c: Effectiveness Impact is positively related to User Satisfaction. Supported
The model’s capability to predict is another assessment of the structural model. Stone-Geisser Q²
was used to assess the predictive significance of the exogenous variables [36] [37], which
postulate that “the model must be able to adequately predict each endogenous latent construct’s
indicators”. Blindfolding is the recommended technique for assessing Q², The omission distance
(D) parameter in PLS should range from 5 to 10 [37]. In this study an omission distance of 10 to
run the blindfolding procedure. Table 3.6 shows all Q² values are greater than zero indicating
sufficient predictive power of the structural model exists [12].
Table 3.6: Construct Cross-validated Redundancy.
Total SSO SSE 1-SSE/SSO
Perceived Usefulness 522 313.2085 0.4
Perceived Ease of Use 522 456.1628 0.1261
Behavioural Intention to Use 696 338.2507 0.514
Actual Use 348 213.9581 0.3852
Efficiency Impact 1218 872.8971 0.2833
Democracy Impact 522 385.7186 0.2611
Effectiveness Impact 696 578.9962 0.1681
User satisfaction 696 327.8733 0.5289
Overall, the reliability and validity analyses demonstrate that there is significant confidence in the
quality of the survey instrument.
4. Conclusions
The proposed model offers the private sector stakeholders and e-Gov program stakeholders a
useful information to determine which factors are important order to gain the highest return and
cost saving on their technology investment while ensuring that there is a real impact on private
sector . This model shows that e-Gov program holders and private sector should work together in
order to get a highest benefits of implementing and using e-Gov services based on a best
practices. Moreover, it shows that e-Gov program holders should have a correct measurement
model for all e-Gov services; otherwise they will get several issues and private sector resistance.
11. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
29
The paper has also demonstrated the usefulness of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in
analysis of small data sets and in exploratory research. The author hope that the methodology
employed here will provide a useful guide for similar data sets requiring analysis. PLS-SEM is a
recommended method when a theory is under development such as the study conducted here.
A number of findings related to impact of e-Government on private sector in this study. The
findings are discussed below that shows nine of the hypotheses were fully supported and two are
not supported.
Hypothesis 1 (H1: The proposed model is statistically significant) measured whether the
proposed model is statistically significant. This hypothesis was supported and its R² is 0.3841
which is above of required value 0.2. R² results of 0.20 are considered high in disciplines and
Path coefficients with standardized values above 0.2 are usually significant and those with values
below 0.1 are usually not significant. Values between 0.1 and 0.2 require significance testing [11]
[12].
All hypothesis except (H3a) and (H6b) were supported with T-Values above of 1.96.
Hypothesis 2 (H2a: Information quality is positively related to perceived usefulness) and
hypothesis 3 (H2b: Information quality is positively related to perceived ease of use) were
supported based on the following results:
The hypothesized path relationship between “Information Quality” and “Perceived Usefulness” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H2a) is (0.51) and its t-
value is (7.61) which indicates high significant. Same thing, the hypothesized path relationship
between “Information Quality” and “Perceived Ease of Use” is statistically significant. The
standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H2b) is (0.2) and its t-value is (2.51) that indicate a
high significant.
Hypothesis 4 (H2c: System quality is positively related to perceived usefulness) and hypothesis 5
(H2d: System quality is positively related to perceived ease of use) were supported based on the
following results:
The hypothesized path relationship between “System Quality” and “Perceived Usefulness” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H2c) is (0.40) and its t-
value is (6.12) that indicate a high significant. The hypothesized path relationship between
“System Quality” and “Perceived Ease of Use” is statistically significant. The standardized path
coefficient for hypothesis (H2d) is (0.34) and its t-value is (4.56) that indicate a high significant.
Hypothesis 6 (H3a: Perceived usefulness is positively related to behavioral intention to use) was
not supported. The hypothesized path relationship between “Perceived Usefulness” and
“Behavioral Intention to Use” is not significant statistically. The standardized path coefficient for
hypothesis (H3a) is (0.08) and its t-value is (1.21) that are below than required standardized
coefficient (0.1) and t-value (1.96).
Hypothesis 7 (H3b: Perceived usefulness is positively related to actual usage) was supported
based on the following results:
The hypothesized path relationship between “Perceived Usefulness” and “Behavioral Intention to
Use” is not significant statistically. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H3b) is
(0.08) and its t-value is (1.21) that are below than the required standardized path coefficient (0.1)
and t-value (1.96).
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30
Hypothesis 8 (H3c: Perceived ease of use is positively related to behavioral intention to use) was
supported. The hypothesized path relationship between “Perceived Ease of Uses” and
“Behavioral Intention to Use” is statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for
hypothesis (H3c) is (0.77) and its t-value is (14.98) that are above the required standardized path
coefficient (0.1) and t-value (1.96).
Hypothesis 9 (H4: behavioral intention to use is positively related to Actual Usage) were
supported based on the following results:
The hypothesized path relationship between “Behavioral Intention to Use” and “Actual Usage” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H4) is (0.26) and its t-
value is (2.51) that indicate a high significant.
Hypothesis 10 (H5a: Actual Usage is positively related to Efficiency Impact), hypothesis 11
(H5b: Actual Usage is positively related to Governance/Democracy impact) and hypothesis 12
(H5c: Actual Usage is positively related to Effectiveness Impact) were supported based on the
following results:
The hypothesized path relationship between “Actual Usage” and “Efficiency Impact” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H5a) is (0.70) and its t-
value is (11.73). As well as, the hypothesized path relationship between “Actual Usage” and
“Governance/Democracy Impact” is statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for
hypothesis (H5b) is (0.63) and its t-value is (12.26) that indicate a high significant. Moreover, the
hypothesized path relationship between “Actual Usage” and “Effectiveness Impact” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H5c) is (0.52) and its t-
value is (8.55) that indicate a high significant.
Hypothesis 13 (H6a: Efficiency Impact is positively related to User Satisfaction), hypothesis 14
(H6b: Governance/Democracy impact is positively related to User Satisfaction) and hypothesis 15
(H6c: Effectiveness Impact is positively related to User Satisfaction) have the following results:
The hypothesized path relationship between “Efficiency Impact” and “User Satisfaction” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H6a) is (0.24) and its t-
value is (2.48). However, the hypothesized path relationship between “Governance/Democracy
Impact” and “User Satisfaction” is not statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient
for hypothesis (H6b) is (0.08) and its t-value is (1.09) that indicate a high significant. Moreover,
the hypothesized path relationship between “Effectiveness Impact” and “User Satisfaction” is
statistically significant. The standardized path coefficient for hypothesis (H6c) is (0.6) and its t-
value is (8.16) that indicate a high significant.
According to above findings, the “Perceived Usefulness” was strongly affected by “Information
Quality” with standardization coefficient of 0.51, followed by “System Quality” with
standardization coefficient that equals 0.40. The “Perceived Ease of Use” strongly affected by
“System Quality” (Standardization coefficient = 0.34), followed by “Information Quality”
(Standardization Coefficient = 0.2). As well as, behavioral intention to use affected strongly by
“Perceived Ease of Use”, about 0.77 standardization coefficient, and weakly affected or not
predicted directly by “Perceived Usefulness” with standardization coefficient of 0.08. Moreover,
“Perceived Usefulness” and “Behavioral Intention to Use” are affecting “Actual Usage” strongly,
in which “Perceived Usefulness” (standardization coefficient = 0.55) has the strongest effect,
followed by “Behavioral Intention to Use” (standardization coefficient = 0.26). The “Actual
usage” is affecting “Efficiency Impact” (EFFI), “Democracy Impact” (DI), and “Effectiveness
impact” (EFVI) strongly with standardization coefficient 0.70 for (EFFI), 0.63 for (DI), and 0.52
for (EFVI). Finally, “User Satisfaction” affected strongly by “effectiveness Impact” with
standardization coefficient 0.6, and then by “Efficiency Impact” with standardization coefficient
13. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.7, No.3, August 2015
31
0.24 while “Democracy Impact” have weak effect or doesn’t predict “User Satisfaction” directly
with standardization coefficient 0.08.
Figure 4.1 shows that the revised model based on hypothesizes test results. It shows weak links
between “Perceived Usefulness” and “Actual Usage”, also between “Democracy Impact” and
“User Satisfaction” in this study. However, it shows strong links between other variables.
As future works, this study could be expanded in terms of number of respondents to include
different e-Gov programs in different countries. Furthermore the study could go for a better
understanding on other segments of the IS business systems out of e-Gov programs to figure out
quantitative and qualitative impact, and user satisfaction as well. Moreover, apply research model
for government to citizens services with different survey questions that targeting citizens.
Figure 4.1: Revised Model.
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Authors
Hussain Wasly is a PhD student at Asia e University. He is working for SADAR
chemical company in IT department. He worked also for different companies such as
Saudi ARAMCO, Marafiq, and ABB where he managed numbers of mega IT/IS
Application projects. He leads different teams within organizations. His specializations
are enterprise resource management such AS SAP, IT Architecture, IT Project
Management, Integrations Systems, and IT Planning.
Ali AlSoufi is an assistant professor at University of Bahrain. He has earned his PhD in
computer science in 1994 from Nottingham University, UK. He has worked for Bahrain
Telecom Co for 8 years as a Senior Manager Application Programme where he
overlooked number of mega IS Application projects worked at Arab Open
University as the head of IT program and Assistant Director for Business
Development during 2007-2010, while working as a consultant for Bahrain e-
Government Authority (EGA) in the area of Enterprise Architecture. He is also an active member of
the Bahrain National ICT Governance Committee. His specializations is Strategic IT Planning and
Governance, IT project management, Enterprise Architecture and Information Systems in Organization.