This document discusses optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems to reduce losses. It presents a technique for capacitor placement in a spiral distribution feeder to minimize reactive power loss. The proposed method is tested on an IEEE 4 node test system in ETAP software. First, a 4 node test system is developed to test a three phase delta grounded wye transformer connection. Then, capacitor banks are added to the distribution system with and without solar panels to reduce reactive and real power losses, respectively. The results obtained from ETAP software show that the proposed method reduces total power losses in the distribution system.
IRJET- Improved Electrical Power Supply to Trans-Amadi Industrial Layout, Por...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analysis of improving the electrical power supply to the Trans-Amadi Industrial Layout in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The analysis models and simulates the existing 33kV network using ETAP software. It finds that some transformers are overloaded while others are underloaded. It is concluded that the system needs improvements. Recommendations include adding transformers to overloaded feeders, upgrading some transformers to higher capacities, replacing some transformers with lower capacities, and installing capacitor banks to improve the power factor.
Dual Active Power Filter For LCL Resonance In Grid-Connected Voltage-Source C...IJARIDEA Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a dual active power filter with an LCL resonance grid-connected voltage-source converter using grid-current feedback methodology. Nonlinear loads cause power quality issues like harmonics that can damage equipment and disrupt systems. Traditional series and shunt filters have limitations. The paper proposes using a dual active power filter with voltage-source converters to mitigate harmonics. It models the system in MATLAB and analyzes the total harmonic distortion with this approach.
This document is a major project report submitted by Sandiip Guptaa in partial fulfillment of their B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology. The project involved modelling the integration of renewable energy sources like solar and wind in PSCAD. It describes the modelling of PV and wind systems, provides an overview of PSCAD simulation tool, discusses microgrid components, operation and control techniques. It also includes the objectives, methodology, models developed and output results of the project on modelling renewable energy integration in a microgrid using PSCAD software.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Typical Chemical Industry Electrical Distributi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of the electrical distribution system for a typical large-scale chemical industry plant using ETAP software. The existing 11kV distribution network is analyzed and found to be insufficient for current load demands. A new optimized distribution network is proposed, including three 11kV/415V distribution transformers, duplicate and sectionalized main buses, motor control centers, and backup diesel generators. Load flow analysis is performed on the proposed network under normal and abnormal conditions. The results show improvements in voltage profile, losses, and power factor compared to the existing network.
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
The document provides a third quarter report on the creation of a custom PSCAD library component for renewable energy systems. Key accomplishments include successfully designing wind, solar, and battery storage models and integrating them into a custom library. Future work identified is improving the battery control system. The custom library allows users to easily design renewable energy systems in PSCAD.
IRJET- Automatic Power Factor CorrectionIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic power factor correction system that monitors the power factor of an electrical load and uses capacitors to correct the power factor as needed. The system includes components like a potential transformer, current transformer, capacitor bank, microcontroller, and relays. The microcontroller determines the power factor from voltage and current measurements. When the power factor is low, indicating a lagging load, the microcontroller activates relays to connect capacitors in parallel with the load. This improves the power factor by supplying reactive power to the circuit. The system was able to automatically correct the power factor from 0.85 lagging to 0.99 when an inductive load was used. Automatic power factor correction can help reduce electricity bills by improving
IRJET- A Comparative Study of Control Algorithms for DSTATCOM for Harmonic El...IRJET Journal
The document compares two control algorithms, back propagation and synchronous reference frame theory, for controlling a DSTATCOM (dynamic voltage compensator) to compensate for reactive power and eliminate current harmonics from linear and non-linear loads. It simulates the DSTATCOM performance with each control algorithm under different load conditions. The back propagation algorithm uses load current measurements to estimate reference source currents, while synchronous reference frame theory transforms load currents between stationary and rotating coordinate systems to extract reference values. Simulation results show that with both control algorithms, the DSTATCOM is able to regulate voltage amplitude at the point of common coupling and reduce total harmonic distortion of source currents from non-linear loads.
IRJET- Improved Electrical Power Supply to Trans-Amadi Industrial Layout, Por...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analysis of improving the electrical power supply to the Trans-Amadi Industrial Layout in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The analysis models and simulates the existing 33kV network using ETAP software. It finds that some transformers are overloaded while others are underloaded. It is concluded that the system needs improvements. Recommendations include adding transformers to overloaded feeders, upgrading some transformers to higher capacities, replacing some transformers with lower capacities, and installing capacitor banks to improve the power factor.
Dual Active Power Filter For LCL Resonance In Grid-Connected Voltage-Source C...IJARIDEA Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a dual active power filter with an LCL resonance grid-connected voltage-source converter using grid-current feedback methodology. Nonlinear loads cause power quality issues like harmonics that can damage equipment and disrupt systems. Traditional series and shunt filters have limitations. The paper proposes using a dual active power filter with voltage-source converters to mitigate harmonics. It models the system in MATLAB and analyzes the total harmonic distortion with this approach.
This document is a major project report submitted by Sandiip Guptaa in partial fulfillment of their B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology. The project involved modelling the integration of renewable energy sources like solar and wind in PSCAD. It describes the modelling of PV and wind systems, provides an overview of PSCAD simulation tool, discusses microgrid components, operation and control techniques. It also includes the objectives, methodology, models developed and output results of the project on modelling renewable energy integration in a microgrid using PSCAD software.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Typical Chemical Industry Electrical Distributi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of the electrical distribution system for a typical large-scale chemical industry plant using ETAP software. The existing 11kV distribution network is analyzed and found to be insufficient for current load demands. A new optimized distribution network is proposed, including three 11kV/415V distribution transformers, duplicate and sectionalized main buses, motor control centers, and backup diesel generators. Load flow analysis is performed on the proposed network under normal and abnormal conditions. The results show improvements in voltage profile, losses, and power factor compared to the existing network.
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
The document provides a third quarter report on the creation of a custom PSCAD library component for renewable energy systems. Key accomplishments include successfully designing wind, solar, and battery storage models and integrating them into a custom library. Future work identified is improving the battery control system. The custom library allows users to easily design renewable energy systems in PSCAD.
IRJET- Automatic Power Factor CorrectionIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic power factor correction system that monitors the power factor of an electrical load and uses capacitors to correct the power factor as needed. The system includes components like a potential transformer, current transformer, capacitor bank, microcontroller, and relays. The microcontroller determines the power factor from voltage and current measurements. When the power factor is low, indicating a lagging load, the microcontroller activates relays to connect capacitors in parallel with the load. This improves the power factor by supplying reactive power to the circuit. The system was able to automatically correct the power factor from 0.85 lagging to 0.99 when an inductive load was used. Automatic power factor correction can help reduce electricity bills by improving
IRJET- A Comparative Study of Control Algorithms for DSTATCOM for Harmonic El...IRJET Journal
The document compares two control algorithms, back propagation and synchronous reference frame theory, for controlling a DSTATCOM (dynamic voltage compensator) to compensate for reactive power and eliminate current harmonics from linear and non-linear loads. It simulates the DSTATCOM performance with each control algorithm under different load conditions. The back propagation algorithm uses load current measurements to estimate reference source currents, while synchronous reference frame theory transforms load currents between stationary and rotating coordinate systems to extract reference values. Simulation results show that with both control algorithms, the DSTATCOM is able to regulate voltage amplitude at the point of common coupling and reduce total harmonic distortion of source currents from non-linear loads.
CONTROL OF BATTERY OPERATED SYSTEM WITH A DC-DC BOOSTCONVERTER FED DSTATCOM U...ijiert bestjournal
This paper presents a comprehensive survey of DSTATCOM control strategies put forward recently. It is
aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of DSTATCOM control methods to researchers and
application engineers dealing with harmonic suppression issues. Many control techniques have been
designed, developed, and realized for active filters in recent years. The proposed DSTATCOM consists of a
three-leg Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with a dc bus capacitor. The PV array or battery operated boost
converter is proposed to maintain the dc link voltage of the dc bus capacitor for continuous compensation
for the load. This paper presents to evaluate the performance comparison of two control strategies for
extracting the reference currents to control the proposed DSTATCOM. The two control methods are
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and IcosΦ algorithm. The performance of the DSTATCOM is
validated using MATLAB software with its simulink and Power System Block set (PSB) toolboxes. The
simulation results for the two control methods are compared to validate the superior performance of the
IcosΦ algorithm.
Enhancement in Power Quality With Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy So...IJERA Editor
At present the Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid and shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
IRJET- Automated Energy Monitering System and Power Factor ImprovementIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated energy monitoring system and power factor improvement project. The system continuously monitors the power factor of an electrical load and automatically improves it using a capacitor bank. It measures the reactive power consumed by inductive loads and compensates for the lagging power factor. This correction brings the power factor closer to unity, providing benefits like reduced power losses, increased system capacity, and improved voltages. The system uses current and potential transformers to monitor voltage and current. A microcontroller then calculates the power factor and controls relays to switch capacitors on or off as needed to improve the overall power factor.
This document analyzes the optimal positioning of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) in smart grids. It simulates different fault scenarios in a model smart grid containing distributed generation from wind farms. It finds that installing an SFCL at the substation or distribution network increases fault current from wind farms. The best performance is achieved by installing a single SFCL at the point of integration between the wind farm and the grid. This location limits fault current from both the wind farm and the main power system effectively without negative impacts. The analysis suggests strategic placement of SFCLs at integration points is most efficient for protecting multiple distributed resources in smart grids.
Power Angle Control Scheme for Integration of UPQC In Grid Connected PV SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a power angle control scheme for integrating a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) into a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The UPQC combines shunt and series active power filters to improve power quality by mitigating current- and voltage-related issues like harmonics, sags, swells, and flickering. The proposed system uses a high step-up DC-DC converter with maximum power point tracking to provide additional energy from the PV array. The power angle control scheme enables the series active power filter to share part of the reactive power demand, reducing the burden on the shunt filter and improving the UPQC's utilization. Simulation results demonstrate the
IRJET- Sensitivity Analysis for Optimal Distributed Generation Placement in P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using loss sensitivity factor analysis to identify the optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) units in the 73-bus, 33kV Port Harcourt power distribution system in Nigeria. Simulations were conducted using ETAP software to determine that 35 load buses were outside acceptable voltage limits. DG units of 25MW were placed at optimally identified buses using sensitivity analysis. Load flow analysis after DG placement showed improved voltage profile and loss reduction.
IRJET- Mitigation of Current and Voltage Harmonics using MAF based UPQCIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for mitigating current and voltage harmonics using a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with a moving average filter (MAF)-based control strategy. The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators to regulate voltage and current, respectively. A photovoltaic array is connected between the compensators and provides power to the system. Simulation results show the system can effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion of both the supply voltage and current, improving power quality delivered to loads despite nonlinearities. The MAF control technique offers optimal harmonic attenuation without reducing controller bandwidth compared to other filtering methods.
Modeling of Hysteresis Current Control Technique for Three Phase PV Based VSI...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that models and simulates a photovoltaic (PV) based three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) system. A boost converter is used to connect the PV module to the inverter, which operates in continuous conduction mode. A fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to maximize power extraction from the PV module under varying light and temperature conditions. The document describes a phase-locked loop (PLL)-less hysteresis current control technique for the PV-based three-phase VSI to provide faster response without using a PLL. The proposed system is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
IRJET- Series Voltage Regulator for Radial DC – MicrogridIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a series voltage regulator (SVR) to regulate voltage in a radial DC microgrid. The SVR combines a dual active bridge and full bridge DC-DC converter. It operates in two modes: power control using the dual active bridge to maintain a constant voltage, and voltage control using the DC-DC converter to provide adjustable output voltage. The SVR configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance under different load conditions. The simulation results show that the SVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in load, thus overcoming problems with voltage fluctuations in DC distribution systems.
Voltage Profile Improvement using Switched Capacitors: Case of Single Wire Ea...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Most rural areas in Africa are characterized by scattered villages with a very low demand in electricity. Due to improper planning and lack of knowledge on low cost technologies, the cost of extending the grid to supply these area is very high relative to the returns. Rural electrification by means of extending the main grid and distributing power using a single wire with earth return (SWER) has shown to be the least expensive rural electrification method in remote area where loads are light and scattered.This paper presents a developed model of Single wire earth return distribution network and a voltage profile of the network using backward and forward sweep method load flow algorithm. And finally presents the analysis of the effect of shunt capacitors on the voltage profile of the network using Maximum power saving method for the sizing and placement of the capacitor.
A brief and basic presentation of interconnections of pwer system,it covers all the basic aspects of power system interconnection that how systems can be built with interconnections
1. The document provides an introduction to wind energy in India and Madhya Pradesh, including the history and components of wind turbines.
2. It discusses the power sector reforms that began in Madhya Pradesh in the 1990s due to financial crises, which included separating generation, transmission, and distribution functions and encouraging private sector participation.
3. The key components of a horizontal axis wind turbine are described as the rotor, blades, nacelle, low and high speed shafts, gearbox, brake, generator, anemometer, and tower.
The document discusses Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses in power distribution. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating AT&C losses and their components. The main reasons for technical losses are overloading of lines/equipment, lack of maintenance and upgrades, and low power factor. The main reasons for commercial losses are theft, defective meters, billing/collection inefficiencies, and tampering of metering systems.
Abstract:
This paper reports on the design of an ultra wideband power amplifier using 0.25um GaN- HEMT Technology device obtained from the Triquint Semiconductor. There is huge interest in transistors based on Gallium Nitride in recent years due to its high breakdown voltage and its capability to operate in High frequency applications. The load pull analysis is carried out to obtain both the required source and load impedances. The
power amplifier with over 10W output power and 42% power added efficiency in the frequency range of 3-5GHz is presented in this paper. The PA is designed using a computer aided design tool called Advanced System Design (ADS).ADS provide two different simulation opportunities. These are referred as schematic simulation and
electromagnetic simulation called Momentum. Schematic Simulations are performed on the proposed PA in this paper.
Keywords:- GaN-HEMT Technology, Load pull analysis, Advanced system design(ADS)
Optimal placement and sizing of ht shunt capacitors for transmission loss min...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology that proposes a method for optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in the RRVPNL Power Grid transmission network in India. The objectives are to minimize transmission losses and improve the voltage profile in a cost-effective manner. The method formulates the problem using an objective function that considers active power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization. Power flow is solved iteratively using MATLAB to determine the optimal capacitor locations and sizes that meet the objectives while satisfying voltage constraints. Simulation results found the proposed method effectively restructures capacitor placement in the grid to optimize utilization of capacitors for loss reduction and voltage stability enhancement.
This paper deals with comparison of responses of PI and Proportional Resonant controlled DC to AC Converter systems. The objective of this work is to regulate the output of Dual Active Bridge DC to DC converter (DABDAC). The input DC is converted into high frequency AC using Half bridge inverter. It is stepped up by using step up transformer and then it is rectified. The DC is converted into Low frequency AC using a Half bridge inverter. The open loop DABDAC system, closed loop PI based DABDAC system an Proportional Resonant Controller (PRC)based DABDAC system are designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The results of PR controlled system are compared with those of PI controlled system. The results indicate that the proposed PRC-DABDAC has better time domain response than PI controlled DABDAC system. The proposed DABDAC system has advantages like high gain and steady state error in output voltage.
IRJET- Design and Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQCIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study on the design and performance analysis of a three-phase solar PV integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC).
2) The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators connected back-to-back via a common DC link to improve power quality issues like voltage sag/swell and current harmonics. Solar PV is integrated to provide clean energy and regulate the DC link voltage.
3) Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the UPQC successfully compensates for voltage sag/swell at the load terminal and regulates the load voltage during disturbances, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving power quality.
Simulation of DVR for power Quality Improvement by using Ultra CapacitorIRJET Journal
This document discusses using an ultracapacitor (UCAP) integrated with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve power quality by mitigating voltage sags and swells. A DVR injects voltage in series to compensate for disturbances, but has limited real power capability. UCAP provides high power density for short durations, making it suitable for combining with DVR. The document presents a simulation model of an integrated UCAP-DVR system in MATLAB. Results show the DVR maintains constant load voltage during faults by injecting compensating voltage supplied by the UCAP, demonstrating the system's ability to effectively mitigate voltage quality issues.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
IRJET- Improved Energy Harvesting Conditioning Circuit using an InductorIRJET Journal
The document proposes a new energy harvesting conditioning circuit design that uses an inductor to reduce voltage ripples and improve efficiency. It summarizes that by placing an inductor between the rectifier and capacitor in an energy harvesting circuit, the voltage ripple can be reduced by up to 17% for a half-wave rectifier. This lower ripple improves the performance of downstream components like DC-DC converters by 5%, enhancing the overall efficiency and performance of the energy harvesting system. Simulation and prototype testing confirmed that the inductor is effective at reducing ripples without dissipating energy.
IRJET- Optimization of Loss Reduction using FACTS Device (SVC & STATCOM) ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of power losses in extra high voltage transmission systems using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices like SVC and STATCOM. It analyzes power losses that occur due to line resistance and current flow. FACTS devices can control parameters like line reactance to reduce losses and enhance power transfer capability. The study models and simulates placement of TCSC FACTS devices on IEEE 9-bus, 14-bus and 30-bus test systems. Results show TCSC placement reduces total real power losses by 6.7-17% depending on the test system. Optimal TCSC location is determined as the line with maximum power losses.
IRJET- Design Simulation and Control of Utility Grid Connected Solar Photovol...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a MATLAB model of a utility grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) array system. It uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize the power output of the PV modules.
2) An MPPT algorithm is implemented using a DC-DC boost converter to ensure the PV modules operate at their maximum power point despite changing solar irradiance and weather.
3) The boost converter feeds a three-level inverter to convert the DC power to AC and synchronize it with the utility grid frequency. The model is studied under varying solar conditions.
CONTROL OF BATTERY OPERATED SYSTEM WITH A DC-DC BOOSTCONVERTER FED DSTATCOM U...ijiert bestjournal
This paper presents a comprehensive survey of DSTATCOM control strategies put forward recently. It is
aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of DSTATCOM control methods to researchers and
application engineers dealing with harmonic suppression issues. Many control techniques have been
designed, developed, and realized for active filters in recent years. The proposed DSTATCOM consists of a
three-leg Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with a dc bus capacitor. The PV array or battery operated boost
converter is proposed to maintain the dc link voltage of the dc bus capacitor for continuous compensation
for the load. This paper presents to evaluate the performance comparison of two control strategies for
extracting the reference currents to control the proposed DSTATCOM. The two control methods are
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and IcosΦ algorithm. The performance of the DSTATCOM is
validated using MATLAB software with its simulink and Power System Block set (PSB) toolboxes. The
simulation results for the two control methods are compared to validate the superior performance of the
IcosΦ algorithm.
Enhancement in Power Quality With Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy So...IJERA Editor
At present the Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid and shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
IRJET- Automated Energy Monitering System and Power Factor ImprovementIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated energy monitoring system and power factor improvement project. The system continuously monitors the power factor of an electrical load and automatically improves it using a capacitor bank. It measures the reactive power consumed by inductive loads and compensates for the lagging power factor. This correction brings the power factor closer to unity, providing benefits like reduced power losses, increased system capacity, and improved voltages. The system uses current and potential transformers to monitor voltage and current. A microcontroller then calculates the power factor and controls relays to switch capacitors on or off as needed to improve the overall power factor.
This document analyzes the optimal positioning of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) in smart grids. It simulates different fault scenarios in a model smart grid containing distributed generation from wind farms. It finds that installing an SFCL at the substation or distribution network increases fault current from wind farms. The best performance is achieved by installing a single SFCL at the point of integration between the wind farm and the grid. This location limits fault current from both the wind farm and the main power system effectively without negative impacts. The analysis suggests strategic placement of SFCLs at integration points is most efficient for protecting multiple distributed resources in smart grids.
Power Angle Control Scheme for Integration of UPQC In Grid Connected PV SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a power angle control scheme for integrating a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) into a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The UPQC combines shunt and series active power filters to improve power quality by mitigating current- and voltage-related issues like harmonics, sags, swells, and flickering. The proposed system uses a high step-up DC-DC converter with maximum power point tracking to provide additional energy from the PV array. The power angle control scheme enables the series active power filter to share part of the reactive power demand, reducing the burden on the shunt filter and improving the UPQC's utilization. Simulation results demonstrate the
IRJET- Sensitivity Analysis for Optimal Distributed Generation Placement in P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using loss sensitivity factor analysis to identify the optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) units in the 73-bus, 33kV Port Harcourt power distribution system in Nigeria. Simulations were conducted using ETAP software to determine that 35 load buses were outside acceptable voltage limits. DG units of 25MW were placed at optimally identified buses using sensitivity analysis. Load flow analysis after DG placement showed improved voltage profile and loss reduction.
IRJET- Mitigation of Current and Voltage Harmonics using MAF based UPQCIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for mitigating current and voltage harmonics using a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with a moving average filter (MAF)-based control strategy. The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators to regulate voltage and current, respectively. A photovoltaic array is connected between the compensators and provides power to the system. Simulation results show the system can effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion of both the supply voltage and current, improving power quality delivered to loads despite nonlinearities. The MAF control technique offers optimal harmonic attenuation without reducing controller bandwidth compared to other filtering methods.
Modeling of Hysteresis Current Control Technique for Three Phase PV Based VSI...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that models and simulates a photovoltaic (PV) based three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) system. A boost converter is used to connect the PV module to the inverter, which operates in continuous conduction mode. A fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to maximize power extraction from the PV module under varying light and temperature conditions. The document describes a phase-locked loop (PLL)-less hysteresis current control technique for the PV-based three-phase VSI to provide faster response without using a PLL. The proposed system is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
IRJET- Series Voltage Regulator for Radial DC – MicrogridIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a series voltage regulator (SVR) to regulate voltage in a radial DC microgrid. The SVR combines a dual active bridge and full bridge DC-DC converter. It operates in two modes: power control using the dual active bridge to maintain a constant voltage, and voltage control using the DC-DC converter to provide adjustable output voltage. The SVR configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance under different load conditions. The simulation results show that the SVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in load, thus overcoming problems with voltage fluctuations in DC distribution systems.
Voltage Profile Improvement using Switched Capacitors: Case of Single Wire Ea...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Most rural areas in Africa are characterized by scattered villages with a very low demand in electricity. Due to improper planning and lack of knowledge on low cost technologies, the cost of extending the grid to supply these area is very high relative to the returns. Rural electrification by means of extending the main grid and distributing power using a single wire with earth return (SWER) has shown to be the least expensive rural electrification method in remote area where loads are light and scattered.This paper presents a developed model of Single wire earth return distribution network and a voltage profile of the network using backward and forward sweep method load flow algorithm. And finally presents the analysis of the effect of shunt capacitors on the voltage profile of the network using Maximum power saving method for the sizing and placement of the capacitor.
A brief and basic presentation of interconnections of pwer system,it covers all the basic aspects of power system interconnection that how systems can be built with interconnections
1. The document provides an introduction to wind energy in India and Madhya Pradesh, including the history and components of wind turbines.
2. It discusses the power sector reforms that began in Madhya Pradesh in the 1990s due to financial crises, which included separating generation, transmission, and distribution functions and encouraging private sector participation.
3. The key components of a horizontal axis wind turbine are described as the rotor, blades, nacelle, low and high speed shafts, gearbox, brake, generator, anemometer, and tower.
The document discusses Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses in power distribution. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating AT&C losses and their components. The main reasons for technical losses are overloading of lines/equipment, lack of maintenance and upgrades, and low power factor. The main reasons for commercial losses are theft, defective meters, billing/collection inefficiencies, and tampering of metering systems.
Abstract:
This paper reports on the design of an ultra wideband power amplifier using 0.25um GaN- HEMT Technology device obtained from the Triquint Semiconductor. There is huge interest in transistors based on Gallium Nitride in recent years due to its high breakdown voltage and its capability to operate in High frequency applications. The load pull analysis is carried out to obtain both the required source and load impedances. The
power amplifier with over 10W output power and 42% power added efficiency in the frequency range of 3-5GHz is presented in this paper. The PA is designed using a computer aided design tool called Advanced System Design (ADS).ADS provide two different simulation opportunities. These are referred as schematic simulation and
electromagnetic simulation called Momentum. Schematic Simulations are performed on the proposed PA in this paper.
Keywords:- GaN-HEMT Technology, Load pull analysis, Advanced system design(ADS)
Optimal placement and sizing of ht shunt capacitors for transmission loss min...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology that proposes a method for optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in the RRVPNL Power Grid transmission network in India. The objectives are to minimize transmission losses and improve the voltage profile in a cost-effective manner. The method formulates the problem using an objective function that considers active power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization. Power flow is solved iteratively using MATLAB to determine the optimal capacitor locations and sizes that meet the objectives while satisfying voltage constraints. Simulation results found the proposed method effectively restructures capacitor placement in the grid to optimize utilization of capacitors for loss reduction and voltage stability enhancement.
This paper deals with comparison of responses of PI and Proportional Resonant controlled DC to AC Converter systems. The objective of this work is to regulate the output of Dual Active Bridge DC to DC converter (DABDAC). The input DC is converted into high frequency AC using Half bridge inverter. It is stepped up by using step up transformer and then it is rectified. The DC is converted into Low frequency AC using a Half bridge inverter. The open loop DABDAC system, closed loop PI based DABDAC system an Proportional Resonant Controller (PRC)based DABDAC system are designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The results of PR controlled system are compared with those of PI controlled system. The results indicate that the proposed PRC-DABDAC has better time domain response than PI controlled DABDAC system. The proposed DABDAC system has advantages like high gain and steady state error in output voltage.
IRJET- Design and Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQCIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study on the design and performance analysis of a three-phase solar PV integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC).
2) The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators connected back-to-back via a common DC link to improve power quality issues like voltage sag/swell and current harmonics. Solar PV is integrated to provide clean energy and regulate the DC link voltage.
3) Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the UPQC successfully compensates for voltage sag/swell at the load terminal and regulates the load voltage during disturbances, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving power quality.
Simulation of DVR for power Quality Improvement by using Ultra CapacitorIRJET Journal
This document discusses using an ultracapacitor (UCAP) integrated with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve power quality by mitigating voltage sags and swells. A DVR injects voltage in series to compensate for disturbances, but has limited real power capability. UCAP provides high power density for short durations, making it suitable for combining with DVR. The document presents a simulation model of an integrated UCAP-DVR system in MATLAB. Results show the DVR maintains constant load voltage during faults by injecting compensating voltage supplied by the UCAP, demonstrating the system's ability to effectively mitigate voltage quality issues.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
IRJET- Improved Energy Harvesting Conditioning Circuit using an InductorIRJET Journal
The document proposes a new energy harvesting conditioning circuit design that uses an inductor to reduce voltage ripples and improve efficiency. It summarizes that by placing an inductor between the rectifier and capacitor in an energy harvesting circuit, the voltage ripple can be reduced by up to 17% for a half-wave rectifier. This lower ripple improves the performance of downstream components like DC-DC converters by 5%, enhancing the overall efficiency and performance of the energy harvesting system. Simulation and prototype testing confirmed that the inductor is effective at reducing ripples without dissipating energy.
IRJET- Optimization of Loss Reduction using FACTS Device (SVC & STATCOM) ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of power losses in extra high voltage transmission systems using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices like SVC and STATCOM. It analyzes power losses that occur due to line resistance and current flow. FACTS devices can control parameters like line reactance to reduce losses and enhance power transfer capability. The study models and simulates placement of TCSC FACTS devices on IEEE 9-bus, 14-bus and 30-bus test systems. Results show TCSC placement reduces total real power losses by 6.7-17% depending on the test system. Optimal TCSC location is determined as the line with maximum power losses.
IRJET- Design Simulation and Control of Utility Grid Connected Solar Photovol...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a MATLAB model of a utility grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) array system. It uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize the power output of the PV modules.
2) An MPPT algorithm is implemented using a DC-DC boost converter to ensure the PV modules operate at their maximum power point despite changing solar irradiance and weather.
3) The boost converter feeds a three-level inverter to convert the DC power to AC and synchronize it with the utility grid frequency. The model is studied under varying solar conditions.
This document proposes a novel three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter for grid-tied photovoltaic applications. The proposed inverter can effectively balance the operation of two independent DC sources by solving unbalanced conditions caused by unequal irradiation and temperatures. Compared to traditional two-stage inverters, the proposed NPC inverter reduces voltage requirements, lowers DC-link capacitor ratings, and improves efficiency. It also introduces a new NPC inverter topology called N-3L-SNPC that uses hybrid IGBT-MOSFET modules along with a novel PWM strategy for complete inactive body diode control, lower switching losses, higher switching frequency, and reduced output filtering needs.
IRJET- Multi-Level Inverter for Solar On-Grid System DesignIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the design of a multi-level inverter for a solar on-grid system to provide clean and sustainable energy from photovoltaic systems.
2) A key component of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the inverter, and multi-level inverters offer benefits like lower total harmonic distortion.
3) The proposed system includes maximum power point tracking to optimize solar panel output, a boost converter, and a three-level cascaded H-bridge inverter to integrate solar energy into the grid in a efficient manner.
IRJET- Designing of Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter for Solar P...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and modeling of a Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications. A SEPIC converter is proposed to boost or buck the variable voltage from a solar panel to meet load requirements. An incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used for better efficiency. The converter output is fed to a sinusoidal pulse width modulation inverter to convert DC to AC for AC loads. The SEPIC converter design and component selection process is explained. The system is modeled and tested using MATLAB/Simulink software and shown to reduce ripple current and provide a non-inverted output voltage compared to other converter types.
IRJET- Enhancement of Power Quality using DPFCIRJET Journal
This document discusses using a distributed power flow controller (DPFC) to improve power quality issues like voltage sag, current swell, and total harmonic distortion. It provides background on power quality and traditional methods used for improvement. The DPFC design and operation is explained, including how active power is exchanged between the shunt and series converters. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the DPFC with PI, fuzzy logic, and artificial neural network (ANN) controllers can mitigate power quality issues. Analysis of the total harmonic distortion results shows the ANN controller provides the best performance with the lowest distortion.
IRJET- A Comparative Study of Control Algorithms for DSTATCOM for Harmonic El...IRJET Journal
This document compares two control algorithms, back propagation and synchronous reference frame theory, for controlling a DSTATCOM (dynamic voltage compensator) to compensate for harmonics and reactive power. It describes the system configuration of the DSTATCOM connected to a distribution network feeding linear and non-linear loads. Simulation results show that with both control algorithms, the DSTATCOM is able to regulate the voltage amplitude at the point of common coupling and reduce harmonics in the source current when connected to linear and non-linear loads. The back propagation control algorithm maintains the DC link voltage and regulates the voltage amplitude to the supply voltage level.
Utility current compensation by PV-APF system using fuzzy logic controllerIRJET Journal
This document describes a PV-APF system that uses a fuzzy logic controller. The system combines a PV generator with an active power filter to compensate for harmonics from a nonlinear load. It uses a boost converter controlled by an MPPT controller to extract maximum power from the PV panels. A voltage source converter controlled by the APF controller compensates for harmonics in the load current. Simulation results show the system extracting 100KW of power from the PV while eliminating harmonics, improving power quality. Replacing the PI controller with a fuzzy logic controller improves the APF controller's performance.
Solar PV Fed-Shunt APF to enhancement of Power Quality Issues in Distribution...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based shunt active power filter (APF) to address power quality issues caused by nonlinear loads in a distribution power system integrated with solar energy. A shunt APF uses a shared DC link voltage source to compensate for load current harmonics and fluctuations. An adaptive FLC is proposed to dynamically adjust the control parameters of the shunt APF to best handle varying conditions. MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate that the proposed system can improve power quality by reducing total harmonic distortion and current fluctuations.
IRJET- Fault Analysis of Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic SystemIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes faults in a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system using MATLAB/Simulink modeling.
2) Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are injected at different points in the system to observe their effects.
3) Symmetrical faults cause equal fault currents with phase displacements, while unsymmetrical faults cause unequal currents. Single phase, phase-to-phase, and double phase faults are studied.
4) The results show faults causing voltage drops and dangerously high currents, with effects dependent on the fault location.
IRJET-Study of Three State Switching Cell Based DC-To-DC ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a study of a three-state switching cell based DC-to-DC converter. It describes the system configuration including a voltage multiplier and three-state switching cell incorporated into a buck-boost DC-DC converter topology. MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental testing of a prototype 1kW converter is performed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrating boost and buck operation with input voltages of 40V and 80V regulating the output to 134V are presented and discussed. The converter achieves high voltage gain with reduced component sizes and voltage stresses on the switches.
Improved Nine-Level Transformerless Inverter with Reduced Part CountIRJET Journal
The document discusses improved transformerless inverter topologies for connecting photovoltaic (PV) panels to the electric grid. It describes various single-phase transformerless inverter configurations including H-bridge, HERIC, and a proposed seven-switch topology. The proposed topology aims to reduce leakage currents by maintaining a constant common mode voltage. Simulation results show the proposed topology produces a nine-level output voltage waveform and maintains leakage currents below permissible limits.
IRJET- Analysis of LVRT Capability of Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic SystemIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system. It proposes a control strategy to allow the PV system to withstand low voltage grid conditions as required by grid codes. The control strategy uses a boost converter and inverter with phase locked loop control. Simulations of the PV system integrated into the IEEE 14 bus system show it can ride through faults and maintain voltage, helping grid stability. The analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed LVRT control approach during unbalanced faults.
IRJET-Single Phase PWM based Inverting Buck-Boost AC-AC ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a single-phase inverting buck-boost AC-AC converter. The proposed converter uses PWM control which offers high frequency operation with high efficiency compared to traditional AC controllers. It provides quasi continuous input and output currents with high input power factor and low THD. Simulation results showed the converter can achieve 97% efficiency at 60 kHz switching frequency. The converter was modeled in MATLAB Simulink to verify its operation as an AC-AC converter at different output frequencies synthesized from a 60 Hz supply frequency. Experimental results confirmed the feasibility of realizing the converter with simple PWM control.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement in Solar by using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for improving power quality in solar photovoltaic systems using a fuzzy logic controller. The system uses a single-phase inverter controlled by a predictive control algorithm to perform maximum power point tracking from the PV array and deliver power to the grid, while also compensating for current harmonics and reactive power from nonlinear loads. A fuzzy logic control method is applied for maximum power point tracking to handle model uncertainties and nonlinearity. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using MATLAB simulation.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags and proposes using a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to improve power quality.
2) A DVR injects voltage into the distribution system through an injection transformer to compensate for voltage sags and restore the load voltage to its normal level.
3) The document presents a MATLAB simulation of a DVR connected to a distribution system with two loads - a sensitive load and a normal load. When a fault is created, the DVR injects voltage and is able to maintain the sensitive load voltage at its normal level, protecting it from the voltage sag.
IRJET- Electrical Simulation Model of IEC 61400-27-1 Doubly-Fed Induction...IRJET Journal
This document presents an electrical simulation model of a Type 3A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine developed according to IEC 61400-27-1 standards. The simulation model was created in MATLAB/Simulink and includes modules for the aerodynamic system, mechanical system, generator set, reference frame rotation, and grid connection. Simulation results demonstrate the operation of the one-dimensional aerodynamic model, two-mass mechanical model, generator speed, and phase-locked loop under nominal wind speed conditions. The model aims to allow manufacturers to evaluate wind turbine performance without full-scale testing.
IRJET- Electrical Simulation Model of IEC 61400-27-1 Doubly-Fed Induction Gen...IRJET Journal
This document presents an electrical simulation model of a Type 3A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine developed according to IEC 61400-27-1 standards. The simulation model was created in MATLAB/Simulink and includes modules for the aerodynamic system, mechanical system, generator set, reference frame rotation, and grid connection. Simulation results demonstrate the operation of the one-dimensional aerodynamic model, two-mass mechanical model, generator speed, and phase-locked loop control system. The model aims to allow manufacturers to evaluate wind turbine performance according to IEC standards prior to testing and supports analysis of voltage sag ride-through capability and other grid disturbances.
IRJET- Load Balancing using Fact DevicesIRJET Journal
This document discusses load balancing in distribution systems using FACTS devices. It begins with an introduction to load balancing challenges in distribution systems due to varying and uneven loads over time and location. FACTS devices like D-STATCOM can be used to balance loads by injecting compensating currents. The document then presents the control circuit used for D-STATCOM, which generates reference currents based on instantaneous real and reactive power calculations. A simulation model is shown demonstrating how D-STATCOM can balance an unbalanced and non-linear load, reducing total harmonic distortion. In conclusion, D-STATCOM is an effective FACTS device for distribution system load balancing and power quality improvement.
Modeling and Analysis of a Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Double St...IRJET Journal
This document presents a mathematical model and analysis of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme for a double-stage solar photovoltaic system connected to the power grid. It derives the mathematical model for a boost converter used to increase the voltage from the solar panels and sizes the inductor and capacitor values. It then introduces, models, and compares three MPPT techniques - perturb and observe, incremental conductance, and fuzzy logic control - using MATLAB/Simulink software to optimize the efficiency of extracting power from the solar panels. The goal is to track the maximum power point without oscillations and properly design the passive components of the boost converter to operate in continuous conduction mode and extract maximum power over a range of weather conditions
Similar to IRJET- An Optimal and Capacitor Placement for Loss Reduction in Electrical Distribution Systems using ETAP (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024