This document describes an automatic power factor correction system that monitors the power factor of an electrical load and uses capacitors to correct the power factor as needed. The system includes components like a potential transformer, current transformer, capacitor bank, microcontroller, and relays. The microcontroller determines the power factor from voltage and current measurements. When the power factor is low, indicating a lagging load, the microcontroller activates relays to connect capacitors in parallel with the load. This improves the power factor by supplying reactive power to the circuit. The system was able to automatically correct the power factor from 0.85 lagging to 0.99 when an inductive load was used. Automatic power factor correction can help reduce electricity bills by improving
The proposed model automatically corrects the power factor without any human presence. It consist of a micro controller which detects the power factor value,if the power factor goes low during peak hours it automatically connects capacitor banks to improve it. The main aim of the model is to maintain the power factor as high as possible which helps to increase the efficiency of the system.
IRJET-Management of power factor and harmonicIRJET Journal
P. K. Kurundwade, G. V. Swami , R. A. Metri, S. B. Patil, P. B. Patil, M. Patil "Management of power factor and harmonic", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
This paper discusses about the power factor improvement and reduction in harmonic system. Poor power factor causes increased electricity charges, penalty for low power factor and unnecessary effect in the system and poor power quality. To smooth such negative effects, the power factor correction is carried out, also reduce harmonic content in the system filters are used. Automatic Power Factor Correction relay is one of the smart relay used to control the capacitor with respect to output. The proposed system is characterized by no generation of harmonics and reduction of transmission losses.
The proposed model automatically corrects the power factor without any human presence. It consist of a micro controller which detects the power factor value,if the power factor goes low during peak hours it automatically connects capacitor banks to improve it. The main aim of the model is to maintain the power factor as high as possible which helps to increase the efficiency of the system.
IRJET-Management of power factor and harmonicIRJET Journal
P. K. Kurundwade, G. V. Swami , R. A. Metri, S. B. Patil, P. B. Patil, M. Patil "Management of power factor and harmonic", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
This paper discusses about the power factor improvement and reduction in harmonic system. Poor power factor causes increased electricity charges, penalty for low power factor and unnecessary effect in the system and poor power quality. To smooth such negative effects, the power factor correction is carried out, also reduce harmonic content in the system filters are used. Automatic Power Factor Correction relay is one of the smart relay used to control the capacitor with respect to output. The proposed system is characterized by no generation of harmonics and reduction of transmission losses.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Systems and Power Factor Correction PresentationMircea Gingu
A detailed Power Quality Systems and Power Factor Correction presentation for Design Engineers, Sales Engineers, Marketing Engineers:
Includes:
Theoretical Aspects
Examples
ABB LV PQS product lineup
Electrical Power Distribution System (ArnabNandi_WBSEDCL)Arnab Nandi
This project report has been prepared in fulfillment of Industrial Training carried out after 6th Semester of B.Tech course. The industrial training was conducted at various sub-stations and supply offices under Serampore Division of West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd. (WBSEDCL) from 16.07.2016 to 30.07.2016.
The blend of learning and knowledge acquired during my visit to the sub stations and supply offices is presented in this project report.
OPTIMAL CURRENT REGULATION STRATEGY FOR THREE-PHASE BACK-TOBACK ACTIVE POWER ...Ijorat1
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a three phase back-to-back power conditioner with optimal a current
regulation strategy in microgrid. To achieve high stability ,the frequency and the voltage of the microgrid is controlled
by using bidirectional power flow control .The active and reactive power of Active Power Conditioner(APC) is used
here. The dc-link capacitor is the main component of the back-to-back power conditioner for power decoupling and
power flow balancing. Optimal current regulation strategy is developed to improve the power quality and stability of
the micro grids as well as to reduce the dc link capacitance. Under steady state, the optimal ac current regulation is
able to achieve the dc-link voltage regulation and to reduce the injected ac line current variation. Simulation result was
used to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed active power conditioner.
Power factor improvement is the essence of any power sector for realible operations. This report provides literature study of a fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor type of power factor compensator by matlab simulation and implementation in programmed microcontroller. To retaining power factor closed to unity under various load condition the arduino ATmega8 microcontroller is used which is programmed by keil software. The simulation is done using proteus software which display power factor according to the variation in load whenever a capacitive load is connected to the transmission line, a shunt reactor is connected which injects lagging reactive VARs to the power system. This report also includes the matlab simulation for three phase power factor improvement by using fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor. As a
result the power factor is improved. The results given in this report provides
suitable matlab simulation and proteus simulation based reactor power compensation and power factor improvement and techniques using a FCTCR.
Micro-controller based Automatic Power Factor Correction System ReportTheory to Practical
This project report represents one of the most effective automatic power factor improvements by using static capacitors which will be controlled by a Microcontroller with very low cost although many existing systems are present which are expensive and difficult to manufacture. In this study, many small rating capacitors are connected in parallel and a reference power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC. Suitable number of static capacitors is automatically connected according to the instruction of the microcontroller to improve the power factor close to unity. Some tricks such as using resistors instead of potential transformer and using one of the most low cost microcontroller IC (ATmega8) which also reduce programming complexity that make it one of the most economical system than any other controlling system.
Automatic power factor_improvement_and_monitoring_by_using_plc[1]ferozpatowary
Power factor correction (PFC) is a process of negotiating the unwanted effects of electric loads that create a power factor less than one. Power factor correction may be applied either by an electrical power transmission utility to enhance the efficiency of transmission network. In this paper three transformers of different ratings have been used which acts as inductive load each of which produce different power factor variation. The power factor of the supply line is directly monitored by the Power Meter which is connected in parallel to the supply line. The value of the capacitance (capacitor bank) required for correcting the power factor variation due to each transformer and their combination is found out separately. Capacitor bank for the respective load is triggered by using PLC.
Automation of capacitor banks based on MVAR RequirementAhmed Aslam
Power generation systems generate two power components, real power measured in watts, and reactive power measured in VARs. Both of these power components need to be produced and transmitted from the generator to the service customer. Real power flows from the generator to the load, and is used to drive loads such as electrical motors, create the heating effect in heaters, and the heating/lighting effect in lamps. Losses and associated voltage drops in the network are effected by the vector sum of real power and reactive power. Reactive power provided from a generation or capacitor source to the load is the component necessary for the operation of magnetizing currents in motors, transformers and solenoids which are part of a customer service load.
A capacitor bank is a grouping of several identical capacitors interconnected in parallel or in series with one another. These groups of capacitors are typically used to correct or counteract undesirable characteristics, such as power factor lag or phase shifts inherent in alternating current (AC) electrical power supplies. Shunt capacitor banks are used to an increasing extent at all voltage levels. There are a variety of reasons for this like the growing need for power transfer on existing lines while avoiding transfer of reactive power, better use of existing power systems, improving voltage stability, right-of-way and cost problems, voltage control and compensation of reactive loads. Three-phase capacitor bank sizes vary from a few tenths of MVAr to several hundreds of MVAr. Here we are using 25MVAR capacitor bank for this purpose.
Here, we have simulated an automatic scheme for switching of capacitor bank based on mvar requirement of the system. They automatically sense the voltage and reactive power using transducers. Output from these transducers are given to sensing circuit where it is compare with normal parameters (voltage and reactive power) of the system. If the condition satisfies it automatically switch on capacitor bank. And this normalises the system parameters.
Power quality issues are the most concerned area for electrical engineers in these modern days due to indusrtrialization and advancements in electronics. Harmonics are one of the power quality issues that deteriorated the quality of source components delivered to load. Active power filters (APF) are the compensating devices used to mitigate harmonics. Distributed generation (DG) became a trendline due to economical, technical and environmental reasons. This paper presents the harmonic compensation using dual APF sharing compensating signals while active power is fed from distributed generation to grid. DG inverter acts as an interface between DG system and grid to feed active power from DG to grid. In this context, the DG inverter acts both as inverter and APF, used as inverter to invert supply from DG and feeds grid for specified time and also as APF for harmonic compensation thereafter along with dual APF. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are shown for DG inverter feeding active power to grid and also acting as APF. Dual APF characteristics are also shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Systems and Power Factor Correction PresentationMircea Gingu
A detailed Power Quality Systems and Power Factor Correction presentation for Design Engineers, Sales Engineers, Marketing Engineers:
Includes:
Theoretical Aspects
Examples
ABB LV PQS product lineup
Electrical Power Distribution System (ArnabNandi_WBSEDCL)Arnab Nandi
This project report has been prepared in fulfillment of Industrial Training carried out after 6th Semester of B.Tech course. The industrial training was conducted at various sub-stations and supply offices under Serampore Division of West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd. (WBSEDCL) from 16.07.2016 to 30.07.2016.
The blend of learning and knowledge acquired during my visit to the sub stations and supply offices is presented in this project report.
OPTIMAL CURRENT REGULATION STRATEGY FOR THREE-PHASE BACK-TOBACK ACTIVE POWER ...Ijorat1
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a three phase back-to-back power conditioner with optimal a current
regulation strategy in microgrid. To achieve high stability ,the frequency and the voltage of the microgrid is controlled
by using bidirectional power flow control .The active and reactive power of Active Power Conditioner(APC) is used
here. The dc-link capacitor is the main component of the back-to-back power conditioner for power decoupling and
power flow balancing. Optimal current regulation strategy is developed to improve the power quality and stability of
the micro grids as well as to reduce the dc link capacitance. Under steady state, the optimal ac current regulation is
able to achieve the dc-link voltage regulation and to reduce the injected ac line current variation. Simulation result was
used to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed active power conditioner.
Power factor improvement is the essence of any power sector for realible operations. This report provides literature study of a fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor type of power factor compensator by matlab simulation and implementation in programmed microcontroller. To retaining power factor closed to unity under various load condition the arduino ATmega8 microcontroller is used which is programmed by keil software. The simulation is done using proteus software which display power factor according to the variation in load whenever a capacitive load is connected to the transmission line, a shunt reactor is connected which injects lagging reactive VARs to the power system. This report also includes the matlab simulation for three phase power factor improvement by using fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor. As a
result the power factor is improved. The results given in this report provides
suitable matlab simulation and proteus simulation based reactor power compensation and power factor improvement and techniques using a FCTCR.
Micro-controller based Automatic Power Factor Correction System ReportTheory to Practical
This project report represents one of the most effective automatic power factor improvements by using static capacitors which will be controlled by a Microcontroller with very low cost although many existing systems are present which are expensive and difficult to manufacture. In this study, many small rating capacitors are connected in parallel and a reference power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC. Suitable number of static capacitors is automatically connected according to the instruction of the microcontroller to improve the power factor close to unity. Some tricks such as using resistors instead of potential transformer and using one of the most low cost microcontroller IC (ATmega8) which also reduce programming complexity that make it one of the most economical system than any other controlling system.
Automatic power factor_improvement_and_monitoring_by_using_plc[1]ferozpatowary
Power factor correction (PFC) is a process of negotiating the unwanted effects of electric loads that create a power factor less than one. Power factor correction may be applied either by an electrical power transmission utility to enhance the efficiency of transmission network. In this paper three transformers of different ratings have been used which acts as inductive load each of which produce different power factor variation. The power factor of the supply line is directly monitored by the Power Meter which is connected in parallel to the supply line. The value of the capacitance (capacitor bank) required for correcting the power factor variation due to each transformer and their combination is found out separately. Capacitor bank for the respective load is triggered by using PLC.
Automation of capacitor banks based on MVAR RequirementAhmed Aslam
Power generation systems generate two power components, real power measured in watts, and reactive power measured in VARs. Both of these power components need to be produced and transmitted from the generator to the service customer. Real power flows from the generator to the load, and is used to drive loads such as electrical motors, create the heating effect in heaters, and the heating/lighting effect in lamps. Losses and associated voltage drops in the network are effected by the vector sum of real power and reactive power. Reactive power provided from a generation or capacitor source to the load is the component necessary for the operation of magnetizing currents in motors, transformers and solenoids which are part of a customer service load.
A capacitor bank is a grouping of several identical capacitors interconnected in parallel or in series with one another. These groups of capacitors are typically used to correct or counteract undesirable characteristics, such as power factor lag or phase shifts inherent in alternating current (AC) electrical power supplies. Shunt capacitor banks are used to an increasing extent at all voltage levels. There are a variety of reasons for this like the growing need for power transfer on existing lines while avoiding transfer of reactive power, better use of existing power systems, improving voltage stability, right-of-way and cost problems, voltage control and compensation of reactive loads. Three-phase capacitor bank sizes vary from a few tenths of MVAr to several hundreds of MVAr. Here we are using 25MVAR capacitor bank for this purpose.
Here, we have simulated an automatic scheme for switching of capacitor bank based on mvar requirement of the system. They automatically sense the voltage and reactive power using transducers. Output from these transducers are given to sensing circuit where it is compare with normal parameters (voltage and reactive power) of the system. If the condition satisfies it automatically switch on capacitor bank. And this normalises the system parameters.
Power quality issues are the most concerned area for electrical engineers in these modern days due to indusrtrialization and advancements in electronics. Harmonics are one of the power quality issues that deteriorated the quality of source components delivered to load. Active power filters (APF) are the compensating devices used to mitigate harmonics. Distributed generation (DG) became a trendline due to economical, technical and environmental reasons. This paper presents the harmonic compensation using dual APF sharing compensating signals while active power is fed from distributed generation to grid. DG inverter acts as an interface between DG system and grid to feed active power from DG to grid. In this context, the DG inverter acts both as inverter and APF, used as inverter to invert supply from DG and feeds grid for specified time and also as APF for harmonic compensation thereafter along with dual APF. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are shown for DG inverter feeding active power to grid and also acting as APF. Dual APF characteristics are also shown.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.